Introductory Biomechanics (Book with CD-ROM)

by Kerr, Andy, Ph.D.

• ISBN13: 9780443069444
• ISBN10: 0443069441
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE

Summary

An interactive text ideal for all health and sports professional students who require a basic understanding of the major biomechanical principles they meet in practice, including movement analysis and tissue mechanics. Starting from the point of zero-knowledge, this book presents what can be a very dry and difficult area, in an engaging and visual way using everyday objects to illustrate the principles and linking this to human anatomy and movement . Less time is spent on mathematics and classic mechanics with greater emphasis on how these principles are applied to professional practiceIntroductory Biomechanics uses workbook-style learning diffusing manageable chunks of theory with learning activities and ultimately making the link back to clinical application. The accompanying CD is closely tied in with the text, containing video clips and real motion analysis data of walking, jumping, cycling and rising from a chair. There are also numerous animations of principles in action. The user is in control of most clips and animations and can change settings and manipulate variables practically showing biomechanics in action. The CD also contains a dynamic quiz drawing randomly from a pool of over 70 questions (MCQs, fill-in-the-blanks, true/false) which also provides feedback and percentage score on completion. Problems are posed to help students work through the theory and apply it to clinical scenarios CD offers thought-experiment activities, animations, video clips and scored quizzes to aid student learning Icons in text link to accompanying CD making the theory come alive Boxes containing additional information on many subjects extend knowledge or provide historical perspective to the principle in question

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Fundamentals of force	p. 3
What is force?	p. 3
What does mechanical force do?	p. 3
Scalar or vector?	p. 4
Drawing vectors	p. 6
Point of application	p. 7
Force magnitude and change in motion	p. 8
The force of muscles	p. 9
Magnitude of moments	p. 11
Direction of moments	p. 13
Gravity, mass and stability	p. 15
Gravity: the ultimate force	p. 15
Centre of mass	p. 18
Calculating the centre of mass	p. 18
Moments created by mass	p. 21
Moments and posture	p. 23
Stability	p. 23
Local and general stability	p. 26
Standing balance	p. 28
Force analysis: Graphs and maths	p. 35
How do forces combine?	p. 35
The Q angle and knee pain	p. 38
Measuring force	p. 41
Using mathematics to resolve force	p. 43
Forces and motion	p. 47
Inertia	p. 47
Moment of inertia	p. 49
Linear momentum	p. 49
Rotational momentum	p. 52
Conservation of angular momentum	p. 54
Newton's second law: Impulse and momentum	p. 54
Newton's third law: Action and reaction	p. 56
Bodies in contact: pressure and friction	p. 58
Centre of pressure	p. 58
Friction	p. 59
Work and machines	p. 61
Work	p. 61
Muscles at work	p. 62
Direction of work	p. 64
Using machines to do work	p. 64
Categories of levers	p. 66
Velocity ratio	p. 68
More advanced machines	p. 69
Pulleys	p. 69
The power of work	p. 71
Efficiency	p. 73
Practical problems on force and human movement	p. 75
Stress and strain	p. 77
Definitions	p. 77
Stress	p. 78
Strain	p. 82
Stress-strain relationship and stiffness	p. 84
A few other properties of materials	p. 86
Composition and mechanical properties of connective tissue	p. 89
Connective tissue	p. 89
Skin	p. 91
Muscle	p. 92
Bone	p. 94
Articular cartilage	p. 95
Tissue remodelling	p. 96
Inactivity (immobilization)	p. 97
Maturation	p. 97
Effect of ageing	p. 97
Effect of recent history	p. 98
Temperature	p. 98
Science of stretch	p. 99
Flow	p. 103
Relative density	p. 103
Hydrostatic pressure	p. 105
Archimedes principle, buoyancy and Pascal's law	p. 107
Take the pressure off	p. 108
Air pressure	p. 108
Mechanics of flow	p. 108
Drag	p. 109
Bernoulli's principle	p. 110
Blood flow: haemodynamics	p. 111
Energy and movement	p. 113
What energy is	p. 113
Potential and kinetic energy	p. 114
Elastically stored potential energy	p. 116
Energy conservation	p. 118
Muscle energy	p. 120
Measuring energy during movement	p. 120
Therapeutic application of force	p. 123
Mobilization techniques	p. 123
Static stretching	p. 126
Respiratory techniques	p. 127
Hydrotherapy	p. 128
Orthoses	p. 129
Dynamic wrist splints	p. 130
Appendices	p. 133
Index	p. 145
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