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An Introductory Guide to Disease Mapping

by Lawson, Andrew B.; Williams, Fiona L. R.

ISBN13: 9780471860594
ISBN10: 047186059X
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 2001-03-16
Publisher: WILEY

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Summary

This superb introductory guide explains the basic principles underlying the construction and analysis of disease maps. Growing public awareness of environmental hazards has increased the demand for investigations into the geographical distribution of disease and as data resulting from studies is not always straightforward to interpret, there has been a need for an accessible, clearly written introduction to the subject. This book supplies the reader with an array of tools and skills so that maps may be produced and correctly interpreted, and also describes the role of disease mapping within epidemiology, highlighting its important role in studies of environmental health and environmental epidemiology. It provides: An introduction to new developments in disease mapping Comprehensive coverage of an active area of research and development Numerous case studies to highlight the application of the techniques discussed This text will be invaluable to anyone with an interest in disease mapping, and is an essential volume for both the specialist and the non-specialist. It is of particular relevance to epidemiologists, medical statisticians, geographers, and public health advisors, as well as environmental health workers, occupational health physicians, and infectious disease specialists.

Author Biography

Andrew B. Lawson University of Aberdeen, UK Fiona L. R. Williams University of Dundee, UK

Introduction

(15)

Aims and objectives of the book

(1)

What is disease mapping?

(3)

The environment, disease and disease mapping: an historical overview

(2)

Disease mapping

(3)

Disease mapping: modern developments

(3)

Disease atlases

(2)

The value of mapping: summary

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(2)

Visual Perception and Map Construction

(12)

How to construct a map

(2)

The data

(1)

The area

(1)

The choice of scale

(1)

Map transformations

(1)

Symobolic representation

(5)

Symbols

(1)

Contours

(2)

Colour

(2)

Further processing of data

(1)

Interpretation of maps

(1)

References

(1)

Summary

(1)

Data Types and Sources

(13)

Routinely published statistics: numerator data

(4)

National statistics of mortality

(2)

National statistics of morbidity

(1)

Ad hoc publications

(1)

Routinely published statistics: denominator data

(2)

National population and vital statistics

(1)

Census data

(1)

Small area statistics

(2)

Specialist databases

(3)

Ad hoc data

(1)

R-cade

(2)

Data quality

(1)

Linking data

(1)

Confidentiality

(1)

The Data Protection Act

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(2)

Basic Methods

(12)

Standardization of rates

(1)

Expected rates

(1)

Control rates

(1)

The use of deprivation indices and other covariates

(2)

Standardized mortality/morbidity ratios

(4)

Death certificates

(1)

Standard population

(1)

International classification of disease (ICD)

(1)

The tenth ICD revision

(1)

Maps of variability

(1)

Edge effects

(1)

Unobserved Effects

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Study Design

(24)

Overview

(1)

Disease mapping

(1)

Ecological studies

(1)

Studies of disease clustering

(1)

Putative sources of hazard

(10)

Identification of the study area

(1)

Prevailing wind direction

(2)

Umbrella effect

(1)

Topography

(1)

Time scale

(1)

Diseases to be monitored

(1)

Changes in disease notification

(1)

Type of study

(1)

Criteria for causation

(3)

Choice of control disease

(1)

Choice of control population

(1)

A possible template

(3)

Initial response: collecting information

(1)

Develop the hypothesis

(1)

Decide on the diseases to monitor

(1)

Define the population at risk

(1)

Describe the rates of disease

(1)

Mapping the disease distribution

(1)

Analytical stage

(1)

Worked example

(6)

The Arbroath Multiple Disease Study

(1)

Initial response/background

(1)

Hypothesis

(1)

Selection of diseases to monitor

(1)

Indentification of the population at risk

(1)

Rates of disease

(1)

Mapping the distribution of disease

(1)

Results

(4)

Summary

(1)

References

(2)

Advanced Methods

(25)

Smoothing of rates and density estimation

(4)

Ecological analysis

(2)

Putative sources of health hazard

(1)

Models for individual events

(3)

Estimation

(1)

Hypothesis tests

(2)

Models for count data

(1)

Estimation

(1)

Hypothesis tests

(1)

Disease clustering

(1)

Definition of clusters and clustering

(2)

Modelling issues

(1)

Hypothesis tests for clustering

(3)

Summary

(1)

References

(4)

Public Health Surveillance and Mapping

102

(19)

Proactive and reactive monitoring

102

(6)

The role of disease mapping in Health Boards

102

(5)

Routine monitoring: advantages and disadvantages

107

(1)

Mapping differences in rates

108

(5)

Mapping and interpreting ecological analyses

113

(2)

Malaria and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: an ecological study

113

(2)

Mapping clusters of disease cases

115

(4)

Cluster studies

115

(1)

Putative health hazard example

116

(1)

Large-scale cluster example

117

(2)

References

119

Summary

118

(3)

Appendix: Software for Disease Mapping

121

(5)

Spatial statistical tools

121

(2)

Geographical Information Systems

123

(1)

Software availability and web sites

124

(1)

DISMAPWIN

124

(1)

SPLANCS

124

(1)

BUGS and BEAM

124

(1)

MLnWIN

124

(1)

SATSCAN

124

(1)

Stat!, GAMMA, GBAS, SPACESTAT, GS and GEOMED

124

(1)

Maplnfo

124

(1)

Arc View

125

(1)

References

125

(1)

Glossary

126

(2)

Index

128

Supplemental Materials

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Rent More, Save More! Use code: ECRENTAL

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5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

An Introductory Guide to Disease Mapping

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Rewards Program