Introductory Statistics

by Weiss, Neil A.

• ISBN13: 9780201710595
• ISBN10: 0201710595
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover w/CD
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Addison Wesley

Summary

KEY MESSAGE: Weiss Introductory Statistics, Eighth Edition, features a thorough presentation of the reasoning behind statistics, balanced with analysis and exploration of real data. This book develops statistical thinking over rote drill and practice. The Nature of Statistics; Organizing Data; Descriptive Measures; Probability Concepts; Discrete Random Variables; The Normal Distribution; The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Menu; Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean; Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean; Inferences for Two Population Means; Inferences for Population Standard Deviations; Inferences for Population Proportions; Chi-Square Procedures; Descriptive Methods in Regression and Correlation; Inferential Methods in Regression and Correlation; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) For all readers interested in Introductory Statistics.

Table of Contents

PART I INTRODUCTION	1	(36)
The Nature of Statistics	2	(35)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	2	(1)
Case Study: Top Films of All Time	3	(1)
Two Kinds of Statistics	4	(6)
The Technology Center	10	(1)
Simple Random Sampling	10	(7)
Other Sampling Designs	17	(5)
Experimental Designs	22	(15)
Chapter Review	30	(1)
Review Test	31	(3)
Internet Project	34	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	34	(1)
Case Study Discussion	35	(1)
Biography	35	(2)
PART II DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS	37	(108)
Organizing Data	38	(50)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	38	(1)
Case Study: Preventing Infant Mortality	39	(1)
Variables and Data	40	(4)
Grouping Data	44	(12)
Graphs and Charts	56	(10)
Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams	66	(5)
Distribution Shapes; Symmetry and Skewness	71	(7)
Misleading Graphs	78	(10)
Chapter Review	82	(1)
Review Test	83	(3)
Internet Project	86	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	86	(1)
Case Study Discussion	86	(1)
Biography	87	(1)
Descriptive Measures	88	(57)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	88	(1)
Case Study: New York Yankees Y2K Salaries	89	(1)
Measures of Center	90	(9)
The Sample Mean	99	(4)
Measures of Variation; the Sample Standard Deviation	103	(13)
The Five-Number Summary; Boxplots	116	(12)
Descriptive Measures for Populations; Use of Samples	128	(17)
Chapter Review	140	(1)
Review Test	140	(2)
Internet Project	142	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	143	(1)
Case Study Discussion	143	(1)
Biography	144	(1)
PART III PROBABILITY, RANDOM VARIABLES, AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS	145	(194)
Probability Concepts	146	(70)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	146	(1)
Case Study: The Powerball	147	(1)
Probability Basics	148	(7)
Events	155	(8)
Some Rules of Probability	163	(7)
Contingency Tables; Joint and Marginal Probabilities	170	(5)
Conditional Probability	175	(7)
The Multiplication Rule; Independence	182	(7)
Bayes's Rule	189	(7)
Counting Rules	196	(20)
Chapter Review	208	(1)
Review Test	209	(3)
Internet Project	212	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	213	(1)
Case Study Discussion	213	(2)
Biography	215	(1)
Discrete Random Variables	216	(46)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	216	(1)
Case Study; Aces Wild on the Sixth at Oak Hill	217	(1)
Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions	218	(7)
The Mean and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable	225	(7)
The Binomial Distribution	232	(16)
The Poisson Distribution	248	(14)
Chapter Review	256	(1)
Review Test	257	(2)
Internet Project	259	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	259	(1)
Case Study Discussion	260	(1)
Biography	260	(2)
The Normal Distribution	262	(48)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	262	(1)
Case Study: Chest Sizes of Scottish Militiamen	263	(1)
Introducing Normally Distributed Variables	264	(7)
Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve	271	(9)
Working With Normally Distributed Variables	280	(9)
Assessing Normality; Normal Probability Plots	289	(7)
Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution	296	(14)
Chapter Review	304	(1)
Review Test	305	(2)
Internet Project	307	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	307	(1)
Case Study Discussion	308	(1)
Biography	309	(1)
The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean	310	(29)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	310	(1)
Case Study; The Chesapeake and Ohio Freight Study	311	(1)
Sampling Error; the Need for Sampling Distributions	312	(6)
The Mean and Standard Deviation of x	318	(7)
The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean	325	(14)
Chapter Review	333	(1)
Review Test	334	(2)
Internet Project	336	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	336	(1)
Case Study Discussion	337	(1)
Biography	337	(2)
PART IV INFERENTIAL STATISTICS	339	(342)
Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean	340	(42)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	340	(1)
Case Study: The Chips Ahoy! 1,000 Chips Challenge	341	(1)
Estimating a Population Mean	342	(6)
Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean When σ Is Known	348	(9)
Margin of Error	357	(6)
Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean When σ Is Unknown	363	(19)
Chapter Review	375	(1)
Review Test	376	(3)
Internet Project	379	(1)
Focusing Data Analysis	379	(1)
Case Study Discussion	380	(1)
Biography	381	(1)
Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean	382	(90)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	382	(1)
Case Study; Sex and Sense of Direction	383	(1)
The Nature of Hypothesis Testing	384	(8)
Terms, Errors, and Hypotheses	392	(8)
Hypothesis Tests for 011e Population Mean When σ Is Known	400	(12)
Type II Error Probabilities; Power	412	(9)
P-Values	421	(12)
Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean When σ Is Unknown	433	(11)
The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test	444	(14)
Which Procedure Should & Used?	458	(14)
Chapter Review	464	(1)
Review Test	465	(4)
Internet Project	469	(1)
Focusing Data Analysis	469	(1)
Case Study Discussion	469	(1)
Biography	470	(2)
Inferences for Two Population Means	472	(88)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	472	(1)
Case Study: Breast Milk and IQ	473	(1)
The Sampling Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Means for Independent Samples	474	(7)
Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Assumed Equal	481	(14)
Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Not Assumed Equal	495	(14)
The Mann Whitney Test	509	(13)
Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Paired Samples	522	(17)
The Paired Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test	539	(8)
Which Procedure Should Be Used?	547	(13)
Chapter Review	554	(1)
Review Test	555	(2)
Internet Project	557	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	557	(1)
Case Study Discussion	558	(1)
Biography	559	(1)
Inferences for Population Standard Deviations	560	(36)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	560	(1)
Case Study: Speaker Woofer Driver Manufacturing	561	(1)
Inferences for One Population Standard Deviation	562	(14)
Inferences for Two Population Standard Deviations, Using Independent Samples	576	(20)
Chapter Review	590	(1)
Review Test	591	(2)
Internet Project	593	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	593	(1)
Case Study Discussion	594	(1)
Biography	594	(2)
Inferences for Population Proportions	596	(44)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	596	(1)
Case Study: Double-Dipping ATM Fees	597	(1)
Confidence Intervals for One Population Proportion	598	(14)
Hypothesis Tests for One Population Proportion	612	(8)
Inferences for Two Population Proportions, Using Independent Samples	620	(20)
Chapter Review	635	(1)
Review Test	635	(2)
Internet Project	637	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	637	(1)
Case Study Discussion	638	(1)
Biography	638	(2)
Chi-Square Procedures	640	(41)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	640	(1)
Case Study: Road Rage	641	(1)
The Chi-Square Distribution	642	(2)
Chi-Square Goodness-Of-Fit Test	644	(9)
Contingency Tables; Association	653	(9)
Chi-Square Independence Test	662	(19)
Chapter Review	675	(1)
Review Test	675	(3)
Internet Project	678	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	678	(1)
Case Study Discussion	679	(1)
Biography	679	(2)
PART V REGRESSION, CORRELATION, AND ANOVA	681	(1)
Descriptive Methods in Regression and Correlation	682	(1)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	682	(1)
Case Study: fat Consumption and Prostate Cancer	683	(1)
Linear Equations With One Independent Variable	684	(5)
The Regression Equation	689	(17)
The Coefficient of Determination	706	(9)
Linear Correlation	715	(15)
Chapter Review	725	(1)
Review Test	726	(1)
Internet Project	727	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	727	(1)
Case Study Discussion	728	(1)
Biography	728	(2)
Inferential Methods in Regression and Correlation	730	(56)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	730	(1)
Case Study: Fat Consumption and Prostate Cancer	731	(1)
The Regression Model; Analysis of Residuals	732	(14)
Inferences for the Slope of the Population Regression Line	746	(10)
Estimation and Prediction	756	(10)
Inferences in Correlation	766	(8)
Testing for Normality	774	(12)
Chapter Review	781	(1)
Review Test	781	(2)
Internet Project	783	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	784	(1)
Case Study Discussion	784	(1)
Biography	785	(1)
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)	786	(1)
General Objectives and Chapter Outline	786	(1)
Case Study Heavy Drinking Among College Students	787	(1)
The F-Distribution	788	(2)
One-Way ANOVA: The Logic	790	(7)
One-Way ANOVA: The Procedure	797	(14)
Multiple Comparisons	811	(7)
The Kruskal-Wallis Test	818	(11)
Chapter Review	829	(1)
Review Test	830	(1)
Internet Project	831	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	832	(1)
Case Study Discussion	832	(1)
Biography	833
PART VI MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND MODEL BUILDING; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND ANOVA (ON THE WeissStats CD)
Multiple Regression Analysis	2	(1)
General Objectives and Module Outline	2	(1)
Case Study: Automobile Insurance Rates	3	(1)
The Multiple Linear Regression Model	4	(6)
Estimation of the Regression Parameters	10	(17)
Inferences Concerning the Utility of the Regression Model	27	(13)
Inferences Concerning the Utility of Particular Predictor Variables	40	(7)
Confidence Intervals for Mean Response; Prediction Intervals for Response	47	(14)
Checking Model Assumptions and Residual Analysis	61	(15)
Module Review	76	(1)
Review Test	77	(3)
Internet Project	80	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	81	(1)
Case Study Discussion	82	(3)
Answers	85
Model Building in Regression	2	(1)
General Objectives and Module Outline	2	(1)
Case Study: Automobile Insurance Rates-Revisited	3	(1)
Transformations to Remedy Model Violations	4	(43)
Polynomial Regression Model	47	(45)
Qualitative Predictor Variables	92	(48)
Multicollinearity	140	(31)
Model Selection: Stepwise Regression	171	(28)
Model Selection: All Subsets Regression	199	(15)
Pitfalls and Warnings	214	(6)
Module Review	220	(1)
Review Test	221	(22)
Internet Project	243	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	243	(1)
Case Study Discussion	244	(5)
Answers	249
Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance	2	(1)
General Objective and Model Outline	2	(1)
Case Study: Dental Hygiene: Which Toothbrush?	3	(1)
Factorial Designs	4	(7)
Two-Way ANOVA: The Logic	11	(18)
Two-Way ANOVA; The Procedure	29	(33)
Two-Way ANOVA: Multiple Comparisons	62	(16)
Randomized Block Designs	78	(6)
Randomized Block ANOVA: The Logic	84	(12)
Randomized Block ANOVA: The Procedure	96	(33)
Randomized Block ANOVA: Multiple Comparisons	129	(7)
Friedman's Nonparametric Test for the Randomized Block Design	136	(12)
Module Review	148	(1)
Review Test	149	(9)
Internet Project	158	(1)
Focusing on Data Analysis	158	(1)
Case Study Discussion	159	(2)
Answers	161
APPENDIXES	1	(1)
Appendix A Statistical Tables	3	(24)
I Random numbers	5	(1)
II Areas under the standard normal curve	6	(2)
III Normal scores	8	(2)
IV Values of tα	10	(2)
V Values of Wα	12	(1)
VI Values of Mα	13	(1)
VII Values of X2α	14	(2)
VIII Values of Fα	16	(8)
IX Critical values for a correlation test for normality	24	(1)
X Values of q0.01	25	(1)
XI Values of q0.05	26	(1)
Appendix B Answers to Selected Exercises	27
Index	1	(7)
Data Sources	8