The Invertebrates A Synthesis

by Barnes, R. S. K.; Calow, Peter P.; Olive, P. J. W.; Golding, D. W.; Spicer, J. I.

• ISBN13: 9780632047611
• ISBN10: 0632047615
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-10-08
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The majority of undergraduate texts in invertebrate zoology (of which there are many) fall into one of two categories. They either offer a systematic treatment of groups of animals phylum by phylum, or adopt a functional approach to the various anatomical and physiological systems of the better known species. The Invertebrates is the first and only textbook to integrate both approaches and thus meet the modern teaching needs of the subject. This is the only invertebrate textbook to integrate systematics and functional approaches. The molecular systematics sections have been completely updated for the new edition. Strong evolutionary theme which reflects the importance of molecular techniques throughout. Distills the essential characteristics of each invertebrate group and lists diagnostic features to allow comparisons between phyla. New phyla have been added for the new edition. Stresses comparisons in physiology, reproduction and development. Improved layout and illustration quality. Second edition has sold 14000 copies. Nature of the first edition: 'Students will like this book. It deserves to succeed.'

Author Biography

R. S. K. Barnes is the author of The Invertebrates: A Synthesis, 3rd Edition, published by Wiley. Peter P. Calow is the author of The Invertebrates: A Synthesis, 3rd Edition, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Part 1: Evolutionary Introduction
Introduction: Basic Approach and Principles	3	(6)
Why invertebrates?	3	(1)
Properties of living things	4	(2)
Origins of life	6	(1)
Levels of organismic organization	7	(1)
Prospects	7	(1)
Further reading	8	(1)
The Evolutionary History and Phylogeny of the Invertebrates	9	(30)
Introduction	9	(2)
The simplest animals	11	(5)
The bilaterally-symmetrical animals	16	(9)
Interrelationships of the superphyla	25	(1)
The origin, radiation and extinction of animal groups	26	(7)
Biodiversity	33	(1)
Further reading	34	(5)
Part 2: The Invertebrate Phyla
Parallel Approaches to Animal Multicellularity	39	(41)
The Protozoa	39	(7)
Superphylum PARAZOA (sponges)	46	(7)
Superphylum PHAGOCYTELLOZOA	53	(1)
Superphylum RADIATA	54	(11)
Superphylum MESOZOA	65	(3)
Superphylum BILATERIA	68	(10)
Further reading	78	(2)
The Worms	80	(38)
Phylum NEMERTEA (ribbon-or proboscis-worms)	81	(2)
Phylum GNATHOSTOMULA	83	(1)
Phylum GASTROTRICHA	84	(2)
Phylum NEMATODA	86	(4)
Phylum NEMATOMORPHA (horsehair worms)	90	(2)
Phylum KINORHYNCHA	92	(2)
Phylum LORICIFERA	94	(1)
Phylum PRIAPULA	95	(1)
Phylum ROTIFERA	96	(3)
Phylum ACANTHOCEPHALA	99	(2)
Phylum SIPUNCULA	101	(1)
Phylum ECHIURA	102	(1)
Phylum POGONOPHORA	103	(2)
Phylum ANNELIDA	105	(1)
Worms of uncertain phylum	106	(11)
Further reading	117	(1)
The Molluscs	118	(16)
Phylum MOLLUSCA	118	(14)
Further reading	132	(2)
The Lophophorates	134	(12)
Phylum PHORONA	134	(2)
Phylum BRACHIOPODA (lamp-shells)	136	(1)
Phylum BRYOZOA	137	(5)
Phylum ENTOPROCTA	142	(1)
Phylum CYCLIOPHORA	143	(2)
Further reading	145	(1)
The Deuterostomes	146	(22)
Phylum CHAETOGNATHA (arrow-worms)	146	(1)
Phylum HEMICHORDATA	147	(4)
Phylum ECHINODERMATA	151	(8)
Phylum CHORDATA	159	(8)
Further reading	167	(1)
Invertebrates with Legs: the Arthropods and Similar Groups	168	(41)
Phylum TRADIGRADA (water bears)	169	(2)
Phylum PENTASTOMA (tongue-worms)	171	(1)
Phylum ONYCHOPHORA	172	(2)
Phylum CHELICERATA	174	(5)
Phylum UNIRAMIA	179	(12)
Phylum CRUSTACEA	191	(14)
Further reading	205	(4)
Part 3: Invertebrate Functional Biology
Feeding	209	(29)
Introduction: the evolution of animal modes of feeding	209	(8)
Types of animal feeding: patterns of acquisition and processing	217	(9)
Costs and benefits of feeding: optimal foraging	226	(10)
Conclusions	236	(1)
Further reading	236	(2)
Mechanics and Movement (Locomotion)	238	(34)
Introduction	238	(3)
The generation of forces by animal cells	241	(3)
Ciliary locomotion	244	(3)
Muscular activity and skeletal systems	247	(3)
Borrowing, creeping, crawling, walking and running: locomotion over and through a solid substrate	250	(9)
Swimming and flying	259	(11)
Conclusions	270	(1)
Further reading	270	(2)
Respiration	272	(17)
Central importance of ATP in respiration	272	(1)
Backbone of catabolism	272	(1)
Generating ATP without O2	272	(2)
Uptake of O2	274	(6)
Measuring metabolism	280	(2)
Factors influencing respiration	282	(5)
Conclusions	287	(1)
Further reading	287	(2)
Excertion, Ionic and Osmotic Regulation, and Buoyancy	289	(13)
Excretion	289	(1)
Osmotic and ionic regulation	290	(6)
Excretory systems	296	(4)
Conclusions	300	(1)
Further reading	300	(2)
Defence	302	(15)
Classification of threats	302	(1)
Defence	302	(13)
Conclusions	315	(1)
Further reading	315	(2)
Reproduction and Life Cycles	317	(47)
Introduction	317	(6)
The Significance of sexual and asexual reproduction	323	(15)
The organization of sexual reproduction and life histories reproductive traits and functions	338	(6)
The control of reproductive processes	344	(11)
Reproduction and resource allocation	355	(6)
Conclusions	361	(1)
Further reading	362	(2)
Development	364	(49)
Oogenesis: the storage of developmental information	365	(8)
Patterns of early development	373	(7)
Experimental embryology of invertebrates: the determination of cell fate	380	(9)
The developmental genetics of Drosophila melanogaster	389	(14)
Larval development and metamorphosis	403	(4)
Regeneration	407	(2)
Conclusion: invertebrate development and the genetic programme	409	(3)
Further reading	412	(1)
Control Systems	413	(51)
Potentials	414	(4)
Neurones and their connections	418	(4)
Organization of nervous systems	422	(8)
Receptors	430	(3)
Vision	433	(3)
Sensory processing	436	(5)
Spontaneity	441	(2)
Neural bases of behaviour	443	(4)
Organization of motor output	447	(3)
Chemical communication	450	(4)
Roles of endocrine systems	454	(6)
Applications	460	(3)
Conclusion	463	(1)
Further reading	463	(1)
Basic Principles Revisited	464	(7)
Basic physiological features of phenotypes	464	(1)
The primacy of replication and reproduction	465	(1)
Ontogeny	465	(2)
Ontogeny and phylogeny	467	(2)
Size and shape-scaling	469	(1)
Further reading	470	(1)
Glossary	471	(7)
Illustration Sources	478	(5)
Index	483