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With its distinctive investigative approach to learning, this best-selling laboratory manual is now more engaging than ever, with full-color art and photos throughout. The lab manual encourages students to participate in the process of science and develop creative and critical-reasoning skills.
1 Scientific Investigation
Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 1.1 Questions and Hypotheses
Exercise 1.2 Designing Experiments to Test Hypotheses
Exercise 1.3 Designing an Experiment
Exercise 1.4 Presenting and Analyzing Results
Exercise 1.5 Interpreting and Communicating Results
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites
2 Microscopes and Cells
Exercise 2.1 The Compound Light Microscope
Exercise 2.2 Basic Microscope Techniques
Exercise 2.3 The Stereoscopic Microscope
Exercise 2.4 The Transmission Electron Microscope
Exercise 2.5 The Organization of Cells
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
3 Diffusion and Osmosis
Exercise 3.1 Diffusion of Molecules
Exercise 3.2 Osmotic Activity in Cells
Exercise 3.3 Investigating 0smolarity of Plant Cells
4 Enzymes
Exercise 4.1 Experimental Method and the Action of Catechol 0xidase 90 Exercise 4.2 Inhibiting the Action of Catechol Oxidase 93
Exercise 4.3 Influence of Enzyme Concentration, pH, and Temperature on the Activity of Amylase
5 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Exercise 5.1 Alcoholic Fermentation
Exercise 5.2 Cellular Respiration
Exercise 5.3 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation
6 Photosynthesis
Exercise 6.1 The Wavelengths of Light for Photosynthesis
Exercise 6.2 Pigments in Photosynthesis
Exercise 6.3 Separation and Identification of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography
Exercise 6.4 Determining the Absorption Spectrum for Leaf Pigments
7 Mitosis and Meiosis
Exercise 7 .1 Modeling the Cell Cycle and Mitosis in an Animal Cell
Exercise 7.2 Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
Exercise 7.3 Observing Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
Exercise 7.4 Modeling Meiosis
Exercise 7 .5 Meiosis in Sordaria fimicola: A Study of Crossing Over
8 Mendelian Genetics I: Fast Plants
Exercise 8.1 Inheritance of Anthocyanin Gene
Exercise 8.2 Inheritance of Plant Color: Green, Yellow-Green, and Purple (Anthocyanin Present)
Exercise 8.3 Inheritance of Variegated and Nonvariegated Leaf Color
Investigative Extensions 214
9 Mendelian Genetics II: Drosophila
Exercise 9.1 Establishing the Enzyme Reaction Controls
Exercise 9.2 Determining the Pattern of Inheritance of the Aldox Gene
Exercise 9.3 Determining Parental Genotypes Using Evidence from Progeny
Exercise 9.4 Mapping Genes
10 Molecular Biology
Exercise 10.1 Mapping DNA Using Restriction Enzymes and Electrophoresis
Exercise 10.2 Practice Problem for Mapping DNA
11 Population Genetics: The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Exercise 11.1 Testing Hardy-Weinberg EqÀ¿iliÀ¿tium Using a Bead Model
Exercise 11.2 Simulation of Evolutionary Change Using the Bead Model
Exercise 11.3 Open-Inquiry Computer Simulation of Evolution
12 Bacteriology
Exercise 12.1 Investigating Characteristics of Bacteria
Exercise 12.2 Ecological Succession of Bacteria in Milk
Exercise 12.3 Bacteria in the Environment
Exercise 12.4 Controlling the Growth of Bacteria
13 Protists
Exercise 13.1 Supergroup Excavata
Exercise 13.2 Supergroup •sAR•
Exercise 13.3 Supergroup Unikonta
Exercise 13.4 Supergroup Archaeplastida
Exercise 13.5 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
Reviewing Your Knowleqge
14 Plant Diversity I: Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants) and Seedless Vascular Plants
Exercise 14.1 Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants)
Exercise 14.2 Seedless Vascular Plants
15 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants
Exercise 15.1 Gymnosperms
Exercise 15.2 Angiosperms
Investigative Extension
16 Bioinformatics: Molecular Phylogeny of Plants
Exercise 16.1 Establishing Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships Among Rubisco Large Subunit Genes
Exercise 16.2 Analyzing Phylogenetic Trees and Reporting Results
17 The Kingdom Fungi
Exercise 17.1 A Survey of Major Fungal Groups
Exercise 17.2 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
18 Animal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, and Annelida
Exercise 18.1 Phylum Porifera- Sponges(Scypha)
Exercise 18.2 Phylum Cnidaria-Hydras (Hydra)
Exercise 18.3 Phylum Pla tyhelminthes- Planarians(Dugesia)
Exercise 18.4 Phylum Mollusca-Clams
Exercise 18.5 Phylum Annelida-Clamworms (Nereis) and Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris)
19 Animal Diversity II: Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata
Exercise 19.1 Phylum Nematoda-Roundworms (Ascaris)
Exercise 19.2 Phylum Arthropoda
Exercise 19.3 Phylum Echinodermata- Sea Star
Exercise 19.4 Phylum Chordata
20 Plant Anatomy
Exercise 20.1 Plant Morphology
Exercise 20.2 Plant Primary Growth and Development
Exercise 20.3 Cell Structure of Primary Tissues
Exercise 20.4 Structure of Tissues Produced by Secondary Growth
Exercise 20.5 Grocery Store Botany: Modifications of Plant Organs
21 Plant Growth
Exercise 21.1 Factors Influencing Seed Germination
Exercise 21.2 Plant Growth Regulators: Auxin
Exercise 21.3 Plant Growth Regulators: Gibberellins
Exercise 21.4 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
22 Vertebrate Anatomy I: The Skin and Digestive System
Exercise 22.1 Histology of the Skin
Exercise 22.2 Introduction to the Fetal Pig
Exercise 22.3 The Digest ive System in the Fetal Pig
Case Study
23 Vertebrate Anatomy II: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Exercise 23.1 Glands and Respiratory Structures of the Neck and Thoracic Cavity
Exercise 23.2 The Heart and the Pulmonary Blood Circuit
Exercise 23.3 The Heart and the Systemic Circuit in the Thorax
Exercise 23.4 The Systemic Circuit in the Abdominal Cavity
Exercise 23.5 Blood
Exercise 23.6 Fetal Pig Circulation
Exercise 23.7 Details of the Respiratory System
Case Studies
24 Vertebrate Anatomy Ill: The Excretory Reproductive, and Nervous Systems
Exercise 24.1 The Excretory System
Exercise 24.2 The Reproductive System
Exercise 24.3 Nervous Tissue, the Spinal Cord and Reflex Arc, the Sheep Brain, and the Vertebrate Eye
25 Animal Development
Exercise 25.1 Development in Echinoderms: Sea Urchin and Sea Star
Exercise 25.2 Development in an Amphibian
Exercise 25.3 Development in the Zebraflsh
Exercise 25.4 Development in a Bird: The Chicken
26 Animal Behavior
Exercise 26.1 Taxis in Brine Shrimp
Exercise 26.2 Kinesis in Pill Bugs
Exercise 26.3 Agonistic Display in Male Siamese Fighting Fish
Exercise 26.4 Reproductive Behavior in Fruit Flies
Exercise 26.5 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation
27 Ecology I: Terrestrial Eco logy
Exercise 27.1 Biotic Components
Exercise 27.2 Ablotic Components
Exercise 27.3 Data Analysis
Optional Exercise: Investigating Weedy Fields
28 Ecology II: Computer Simulations of a Pond Ecosystem
Exercise 28.1 Computer Model of the Pond Ecosystem
Exercise 28.2 Investigating the Effects of Disturbance on the Pond Ecosystem
Appendix A Scientific Writing and Communication
Appendix B The Metric System
Appendix C Instrumentation and Techniques
Appendix D Chi-Square Test
Appendix C Terminology and Techniques for Dissection
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