Investigating Chemistry Introductory Chemistry From A Forensic Science Perspective
- ISBN13:
9781429255226
- ISBN10:
1429255226
- Edition: 3rd
- Format: Hardcover
- Copyright: 2012-01-20
- Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Summary
Fingerprinting revolutionized the field of forensic science because it is a method of absolute identification connecting a person to an object. A person guilty of a crime could no longer deny his or her presence at a crime scene without weaving a web of lies. Understanding how fingerprint evidence is collected and preserved requires a knowledge of the chemicals present in a fingerprint. The chemical composition of a fingerprint can vary from one individual to another and may contain various inorganic ions, organic acids, lipids, and water. Book jacket.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. ix |
| Introduction to Forensic Chemistry | p. 3 |
| Case Study: Planted Evidence | p. 3 |
| Welcome | p. 4 |
| Chemistry, Crime, and the Global Society | p. 4 |
| Physical Evidence: Matter and Its Forms | p. 5 |
| The PeriodicTable | p. 9 |
| Evidence Analysis: Thin-Layer Chromatography | p. 10 |
| Learning the Language of Chemistry | p. 13 |
| The Most Important Skill of a Forensic Scientist; Observation | p. 18 |
| Critical Thinking and the Crime Scene: The Scientific Method | p. 19 |
| Cass Study Finale: Planted Evidence | p. 20 |
| Evidence Collection and Preservation | p. 27 |
| Case Study: Grave Evidence | p. 27 |
| Preserving Evidence: Reactions, Properties, and Changes | p. 28 |
| Physical Evidence Collection: Mass, Weight, and Units | p. 30 |
| Mathematics of Unit Conversions | p. 32 |
| Errors and Estimates in Laboratory Measurements: Significant Figures | p. 34 |
| Mathematics of Significant Figure Calculations | p. 37 |
| Experimental Results: Accuracy and Precision | p. 38 |
| How to Analyze Evidence: Density Measurements | p. 40 |
| Mathematics of Density Measurements | p. 41 |
| How to Analyze Glass and Soil: Using Physical Properties | p. 43 |
| Case Study Finale: Grave Evidence | p. 46 |
| Atomic Clues | p. 55 |
| Case Study: The Isotope Itinerary | p. 55 |
| Origins of the Atomic Theory: Ancient Greek Philosophers | p. 56 |
| Foundations of a Modern Atomic Theory | p. 57 |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | p. 59 |
| Atomic Structure: Subatomic Particles | p. 62 |
| Nature's Detectives: Isotopes | p. 65 |
| Atomic Mass: Isotopic Abundance and the Periodic Table | p. 68 |
| Mathematics of Isotopic Abundance and Atomic Mass | p. 68 |
| Atomic Structure: Electrons and Emission Spectra | p. 69 |
| Mathematics of Light | p. 71 |
| Atomic Structure: Electron Orbitals | p. 74 |
| Electron Configurations | p. 77 |
| Evidence Analysis: Scanning Electron Microscopy | p. 80 |
| Case Study Finale: The Isotope Itinerary | p. 83 |
| Chemical Evidence | p. 91 |
| Case Study: Mind Games | p. 91 |
| Chemical Nature of Evidence: Regions of the Periodic Table | p. 92 |
| Types of Compounds: Covalent Compounds | p. 95 |
| Types of Compounds: Ionic Compounds | p. 98 |
| Common Names and Diatomic Elements | p. 107 |
| Basics of Chemical Reactions | p. 109 |
| Balancing Chemical Equations | p. 110 |
| Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Mole Calculations | p. 112 |
| Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometry Calculations | p. 116 |
| Types of Reactions | p. 118 |
| Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Limiting Reactants and Theoretical Yields | p. 121 |
| Evidence Analysis: Spectrophotometry | p. 124 |
| Case Study Finale: Mind Games | p. 126 |
| Chemistry of Banding: Structure and Function of Drug Molecules | p. 135 |
| Case Study: No Motive, No Opportunity | p. 135 |
| Nature of Covalent Bonds | p. 136 |
| Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds | p. 139 |
| Lewis Structures of Covalent Compounds | p. 140 |
| Resonance Structures | p. 143 |
| VSEPR Theory | p. 145 |
| Polarity of Bonds and Molecules | p. 148 |
| Molecular Geometry of Drugs | p. 151 |
| Drug Receptors and Brain Chemistry | p. 154 |
| Evidence Analysis: Immunoassay Methods | p. 156 |
| Case Study Finale: No Motive, No Opportunity | p. 156 |
| Properties of Solutions I: Aqueous Solutions | p. 165 |
| Case Study: An Aqueous Apocalypse | p. 165 |
| Aqueous Solutions | p. 166 |
| Solution Properties | p. 167 |
| Net Ionic Reactions | p. 169 |
| Solubility | p. 172 |
| Mathematics of Solutions: Concentration Calculations | p. 174 |
| Acid Chemistry | p. 177 |
| Base Chemistry | p. 179 |
| Neutralization Reactions | p. 181 |
| The pH Scale and Buffers | p. 181 |
| Mathematics of Solutions: Calculating pH | p. 184 |
| Case Study Finale: An Aqueous Apocalypse | p. 186 |
| Properties of Solutions II: Intermolecular Farces and Colligative Properties | p. 195 |
| Case Study: Something for the Pain | p. 195 |
| Intermolecular Forces and Surface Tension | p. 196 |
| Types of Intermolecular Forces | p. 198 |
| Mixed Intermolecular Forces | p. 202 |
| The Process of Dissolution | p. 203 |
| Rate of Dissolving Soluble Compounds | p. 205 |
| Colligative Properties: Boiling Point of Solutions | p. 206 |
| Mathematics of Boiling Point Elevation | p. 209 |
| Colligative Properties: Freezing Point of Solutions | p. 210 |
| Mathematics of Freezing Point Depression | p. 212 |
| Colligative Properties: Osmosis | p. 213 |
| Mathematics of Osmotic Pressure | p. 215 |
| Evidence Analysis: HPLC | p. 216 |
| Case Study Finale: Something for the Pain | p. 217 |
| Drug Chemistry | p. 225 |
| Case Study: Administering Murder | p. 225 |
| Introduction to Organic Chemistry | p. 226 |
| Alkanes | p. 227 |
| Alkenes and Alkynes | p. 230 |
| Branched Isomers | p. 232 |
| Cyclic Compounds | p. 234 |
| Ethers, Ketones, and Esters | p. 237 |
| Amines | p. 242 |
| Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Carboxylic Acids | p. 243 |
| How to Extract Organic Compounds: Solubility and Acid-Base Properties | p. 247 |
| Evidence Analysis: Infrared Spectroscopy | p. 250 |
| Case Study Finale: Administering Murder | p. 252 |
| Chemistry of Fire and Heat | p. 251 |
| Case Study: "False and Unreliable" | p. 261 |
| The Chemistry of Fire | p. 262 |
| Combustion Reactions | p. 264 |
| Redox Reactions | p. 268 |
| Thermochemistry of Fire | p. 270 |
| Heat Capacity and Phase Changes | p. 273 |
| Mathematics of Heat Capacity | p. 277 |
| The First Law of Thermodynamics and Calorimetry | p. 278 |
| Mathematics of Calorimetry | p. 280 |
| Petroleum Refinement | p. 282 |
| Evidence Analysis: Gas Chromatography | p. 284 |
| Case Study Finale: "False and Unreliable" | p. 286 |
| Chemistry of Explosions | p. 293 |
| Case Study: Tracing Explosives | p. 293 |
| Explosives 101 | p. 294 |
| Redox Chemistry of Explosives | p. 295 |
| Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases | p. 297 |
| Gas Laws | p. 298 |
| Mathematics of the Gas Laws | p. 304 |
| The Combined and Ideal Gas Laws | p. 308 |
| Mathematics of the Combined and Ideal Gas Laws | p. 309 |
| Mathematics of Advanced Ideal Gas Law Problems | p. 311 |
| Detection of Explosives: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures | p. 312 |
| Evidence Analysis: Mass Spectroscopy | p. 314 |
| Case Study Finale: Tracing Explosives | p. 316 |
| Applications of Chemical Kinetics | p. 325 |
| Case Study: The Casey Anthony Trial | p. 325 |
| Introduction to Chemical Kinetics | p. 326 |
| Collision Theory | p. 327 |
| Kinetics and Temperature | p. 330 |
| Kinetics and Catalysts | p. 332 |
| Zero-Order Reactions | p. 335 |
| First-Order Reactions | p. 337 |
| Half-Life | p. 338 |
| Case Study Finale: The Casey Anthony Trial | p. 340 |
| Nuclear Chemistry: Energy, Medicine, Weapons, and Terrorism | p. 345 |
| Case Study: Elimination by Irradiation | p. 345 |
| The Discovery of Natural Radioactivity | p. 346 |
| Radiation Types and Hazards | p. 347 |
| Balancing Nuclear Equations | p. 351 |
| Half-Lives and Risk Assessment | p. 352 |
| Medical Applications of Nuclear Isotopes | p. 355 |
| Forensic Application of Carbon-14 | p. 358 |
| Nuclear Power Plants | p. 360 |
| Military Uses of Nuclear Isotopes | p. 363 |
| Nuclear Transmutations | p. 364 |
| Nuclear Terrorism | p. 365 |
| Evidence Analysis: Neutron Activation Analysis | p. 366 |
| Case Study Finale: Elimination by Irradiation | p. 369 |
| Chemical Equilibrium and Poisons | p. 375 |
| Case Study: A Mother-in-Law's Justice | p. 375 |
| Introduction to Poisons | p. 376 |
| Chemical Equilibrium and Poisons | p. 378 |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | p. 380 |
| Values of the Equilibrium Constant | p. 383 |
| Le Chatelier's Principle | p. 385 |
| Solubility Equilibrium | p. 389 |
| Mathematics of Equilibrium | p. 390 |
| Case Study Finale: A Mother-in-Law's Justice | p. 392 |
| Introduction to Biochemistry and DNA Analysis | p. 399 |
| Case Study: Remembering 9-11 | p. 399 |
| Lipids: Fats, Waxes, and Oils | p. 400 |
| Carbohydrates | p. 403 |
| Proteins | p. 405 |
| DNA Basics | p. 409 |
| DNA Analysis | p. 412 |
| Mitochondrial DNA | p. 414 |
| Case Study Finale: Remembering 9-11 | p. 415 |
| Appendix A | p. 420 |
| Appendix B | p. 421 |
| Answers to Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems | p. 422 |
| Combined Glossary/Index | p. 450 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
