Invitation to Biblical Hebrew: A Beginning Grammar

by Fuller, Russell T.

• ISBN13: 9780825426506
• ISBN10: 0825426502
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-06-30
• Publisher: Kregel Academic & Professional

Summary

Based on years of success in the classroom, Invitation to Biblical Hebrew: A Beginning Grammar provides a clear and accurate textbook for the beginning Hebrew student. It focuses on the basics of phonology (sounds) and morphology (forms) so that the student is able to learn the language by reason and rule rather than rote memorization. The textbook also includes helpful discussions of syntax with the ultimate goal of using Hebrew in ministry.

Author Biography

Russell T. Fuller (Ph.D., Hebrew Union College) is associate professor of Old Testament interpretation at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky Kyoungwon Choi (M.Div., Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in the Old Testament Department at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. xvii
Abbreviations	p. xix
Phonological Principles
Alphabet; Vowels
The Consonants (The Alphabet)	p. 3
Printed Letters	p. 4
Final Letters	p. 4
Phonetic Values (Sounds)	p. 4
Guttural Letters	p. 4
The Vowels (also called vowel points)	p. 5
The Shewa	p. 5
Observations on the Vowels	p. 5
Note on the Exercises	p. 6
Exercise One	p. 6
Consonantal and Vocalic Yod/Vav; The Syllable
Introduction	p. 9
Yod or Vav: Vowel or Consonant	p. 9
The Syllable - Definition	p. 9
Opened and Closed Syllables	p. 10
Dividing Words into Syllables - Syllabifying	p. 10
Accent	p. 10
Syllable: Terminology	p. 11
Exercise Two	p. 11
The Shewa
Introduction	p. 13
Distinguishing between Silent Shewa and Simple Vocal Shewa	p. 13
Composite Shewa	p. 14
The Shewa and the Syllable	p. 14
Exercise Three	p. 15
Dagesh
Introduction	p. 17
Dagesh Lene	p. 17
Dagesh Forte	p. 18
Distinguishing between Dagesh Lene and Dagesh Forte	p. 18
The Dagesh and the Syllable	p. 18
Mappiq	p. 19
Exercise Four	p. 19
Qames and Qames-Hatuf; Characteristics of Gutturals; Quiescent Alef
Introduction	p. 21
Qames-Hatuf	p. 21
The Metheg and the Qames/Qames-Hatuf	p. 21
The Dagesh Forte and the Qames/Qames-Hatuf	p. 21
Maqqef	p. 21
Maqqef and the Qames-Hatuf	p. 22
The Characteristics of Gutturals	p. 22
Quiescent Alef	p. 22
Exercise Five	p. 23
Rules of Proto-Hebrew; Rules of Syllables; Notes on Hebrew Syntax
Introduction	p. 25
Rules of Proto-Hebrew (Pre-Biblical Hebrew)	p. 25
The Five Rules of Syllables in Biblical Hebrew	p. 25
Proto-Hebrew and the Five Rules of Syllables	p. 26
Notes on Hebrew Syntax	p. 26
Exercise Six	p. 27
Morphological Principles: Particles
The Article [characters not reproducible] and the Interrogative [characters not reproducible]; The Marker of the Definite Direct Object: [characters not reproducible]
Introduction	p. 31
The Form of the Article	p. 31
The Translation of the Article	p. 31
The Interrogative [characters not reproducible] - what?, how?	p. 32
Translation of the Interrogative [characters not reproducible]	p. 32
Review of the Article and the Interrogative [characters not reproducible]	p. 32
The Marker of the Definite Direct Object: [characters not reproducible]	p. 33
Exercise Seven	p. 33
Inseparable Prepositions; the Conjunctive Vav
Introduction	p. 35
Attaching or Pointing Inseparable Prepositions [characters not reproducible]	p. 35
The Conjunctive Vav [characters not reproducible]	p. 37
Review of the Inseparable Prepositions and the Conjunctive Vav	p. 38
Exercise Eight	p. 38
The Preposition [characters not reproducible]; The Interrogative [characters not reproducible]; Notes on Hebrew Syntax
Introduction	p. 41
Attaching or Pointing the Inseparable Preposition [characters not reproducible]	p. 41
The Interrogative [characters not reproducible]	p. 42
Review of the Pointing of the Preposition [characters not reproducible] and the Interrogative [characters not reproducible]	p. 42
Hebrew Syntax: Sentences and Clauses without Verbs	p. 42
Hebrew Syntax: Disjunctive Accents - Zaqef Qaton, Zaqef Gadol, Segolta	p. 43
Verb Forms: Third Person Plural (Masculine and Feminine)	p. 43
Exercise Nine	p. 44
Summary of Rules: Chapter 7-9	p. 47
Morphological Principles: Nouns and Adjectives
Nouns and Adjectives: The Absolute State; Syntax of Adjectives with Nouns
Introduction	p. 51
Hebrew Nouns	p. 51
Nouns and Adjectives: Masculine and Feminine Singular Absolute	p. 51
Nouns and Adjectives: Masculine and Feminine Plural Absolute	p. 53
Attaching the Feminine Plural Absolute Ending to a Feminine Singular Noun Ending in [characters not reproducible]	p. 54
Nouns and Adjectives: Masculine and Feminine Dual Absolute	p. 54
Hebrew Boxes for the Absolute State	p. 54
Syntax of Adjectives with Nouns	p. 54
Demonstrative Adjectives: Attributive and Predicative Use	p. 55
Substantives: Adjectives used for Nouns	p. 56
The Accusative/Directive [characters not reproducible]	p. 56
Exercise Ten	p. 57
Nouns and Adjectives: The Construct State; Absolute and Construct State: Special Cases
Introduction	p. 61
The Construct Package and the Accent	p. 61
Nouns and Adjectives: Masculine Singular Construct	p. 61
Nouns and Adjectives: Masculine Plural Construct	p. 62
Nouns and Adjectives: Feminine Singular Construct	p. 63
Nouns and Adjectives: Feminine Plural Construct	p. 64
Nouns: Masculine and Feminine Dual Construct	p. 65
Hebrew Boxes: Absolute and Construct	p. 65
Syntax of a Construct Package	p. 65
Absolute and Construct State: Special Cases	p. 66
Exercise Eleven	p. 67
Pronominal Suffixes with Masculine Nouns
Introduction	p. 71
Boxes for Pronominal Suffixes for Masculine Nouns and Adjectives	p. 71
[characters not reproducible]: Singular and Plural with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 71
[characters not reproducible]: Singular and Plural with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 72
Syntax: The Pronominal Suffix	p. 73
Exercise Twelve	p. 73
Pronominal Suffixes with Feminine Nouns; More Irregular Nouns
Introduction	p. 77
[characters not reproducible]: Singular and Plural with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 77
[characters not reproducible]: Singular and Plural with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 78
More Irregular Nouns	p. 79
Exercise Thirteen	p. 80
Prepositions with Pronominal Suffixes
Introduction	p. 83
Inseparable Prepositions [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible] with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 83
Prepositions [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible] with Pronominal Suffixes and the Marker of the Definite Direct Object with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 83
Prepositions [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible] with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 85
The Inseparable Preposition [characters not reproducible] with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 86
The Preposition [characters not reproducible] with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 86
Exercise Fourteen	p. 87
Segolate Nouns
Introduction	p. 89
The Development of the Segolate Noun	p. 89
Singular Segolate Nouns: Absolute, Construct, and with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 89
Plural Segolate Nouns: Absolute, Construct, and with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 90
Plural Segolate Nouns with Suffixes	p. 91
Plural Segolate Nouns: Absolute, Construct, and with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 91
Attaching Pronominal Suffixes to Segolate Nouns	p. 92
Exercise Fifteen	p. 93
Segolate Nouns with Gutturals; Segolate Prepositions
Introduction	p. 95
Segolate Nouns with Gutturals	p. 95
Segolate Proto-Forms	p. 95
Singular Segolate Nouns (having a Guttural): Absolute, Construct, and with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 95
Plural Segolate Nouns (having a Guttural): Absolute, Construct, and with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 96
Attaching Pronominal Suffixes to Segolate Nouns with Gutturals	p. 97
Prepositions Resembling the Segolate Pattern	p. 97
Exercise Sixteen	p. 98
Morphological Principles: Strong Verb
Independent Pronouns; the Verb: Qal Perfect
Introduction	p. 103
The Independent Pronouns	p. 103
The Verb: Qal Perfect (Qatal)	p. 103
Qal Perfect: Meaning	p. 105
Exercise Seventeen	p. 105
The Verb: The Imperfect and Volitives; Prohibitions with [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible]
Introduction	p. 109
The Verb: Imperfect (Yiqtol)	p. 109
Qal Imperfect: Meaning	p. 110
Volitives: the Cohortative, Imperative, and Jussive	p. 110
Prohibitions with [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible]	p. 111
Exercise Eighteen	p. 112
Participles: Active and Passive; Infinitives: Absolute and Construct
Introduction	p. 115
Active Participle (Qotel)	p. 115
Passive Participle (Qatul)	p. 116
Infinitive Absolute and Construct	p. 117
Exercise Nineteen	p. 118
Vav-Consecutive; Hebrew Syntax: Accents - Revia, Tifha
Introduction	p. 121
The Form of the Vav-Consecutive	p. 121
The Meaning of the Vav-Consecutive	p. 121
The Vav-Consecutive with an Infinitive Construct	p. 122
The Vav-Consecutive with [characters not reproducible]	p. 123
Hebrew Syntax: Accents - Revia, Tifha	p. 124
Exercise Twenty	p. 124
The Stative Verb; The Perfect: Additional Tense Options
Introduction	p. 127
Thematic Vowels	p. 127
Stative Verbs: Perfect	p. 128
Stative Verb: Imperfect	p. 128
Stative Verb: Imperative	p. 129
Stative Verb: Active Participle	p. 129
Stative Verb: Infinitives	p. 129
The Perfect: Additional Tense Options	p. 129
Exercise Twenty-One	p. 130
Overview of the Strong Verb
Introduction	p. 133
Derived Stems: The Names of the Stems	p. 133
Derived Stems: Characteristics - Boxes	p. 133
Thematic Vowels (Perfect, Imperfect, Imperative) of the Derived Stems	p. 135
Thematic Vowels of Infinitives and Participles	p. 136
Synopsis of the Strong Verbs: Derived Stems	p. 136
Exercise Twenty-Two	p. 137
The Intensives: Pi"el, Pu"al, Hithpa"el
Introduction	p. 141
Forming the Intensive Stems - Pi"el, Pu"al, Hithpa"el	p. 141
Examples of Forming Intensive Stems	p. 141
Parsing the Intensive Stems - Pi"el, Pu"al, Hithpa"el	p. 142
The Meaning of the Intensive Stems	p. 144
Exercise Twenty-Three	p. 145
The Causatives: Hiph'il, Hoph'al
Introduction	p. 149
Forming the Causative Stems - Hiph'il, Hoph'al	p. 149
Examples of Forming the Causative stems	p. 149
Parsing the Causative Stems: Hiph'il, Hoph'al	p. 150
The Meaning of the Causative stems	p. 151
Exercise Twenty-Four	p. 152
The Reflexive/Passive Niph'al
Introduction	p. 157
Forming the Niph'al	p. 157
Examples of Forming the Niph'al	p. 157
Parsing the Niph'al	p. 158
The Meaning of the Niph'al	p. 159
Exercise Twenty-Five	p. 159
The Relative Clause; Circumstantial Clauses; Comparative-Superlative
Introduction	p. 163
Relative Clause	p. 163
Circumstantial Clauses	p. 164
Comparative and Superlative	p. 165
Exercise Twenty-Six	p. 166
Attaching Pronominal Suffixes to the Verb: The Perfect
Introduction	p. 169
Proto-Hebrew Forms of the Perfect	p. 169
Accent and Vowel Reduction Patterns	p. 169
Attaching Suffixes	p. 170
Attaching Pronominal Suffixes to the Perfect	p. 171
Derived Stems: Pi"el and Hiph'il Perfect	p. 172
Parsing Forms with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 173
Exercise Twenty-Seven	p. 173
Attaching Pronominal Suffixes to the Verb: The Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Introduction	p. 177
The Imperfect	p. 177
Imperative	p. 179
Infinitive Construct	p. 180
Derived Stems: Pi"el and Hiph'il	p. 181
Parsing Forms with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 182
Exercise Twenty-Eight	p. 183
Morphological Principles: Weak Verbs
Overview of the Weak Verb; R[subscript 1]-Guttural (Pe Guttural) Verbs
Introduction and Overview of the Weak Verb	p. 189
Weaknesses or Infirmities of R[subscript 1]-Guttural Verbs	p. 190
Strong Areas of the R[subscript 1]-Guttural Verbs	p. 190
Remedy for the Infirmity of Dagesh Forte	p. 190
Remedy for the Infirmity of Vocal Shewa	p. 191
Remedy for the Infirmity of the Guttural Rejecting Silent Shewa	p. 191
Remedy for the Infirmity of the Silent Shewa	p. 192
Final Considerations: Vocalic Endings	p. 192
Summary of Adjustments to the Boxes	p. 193
Forming the Qal in Weak Verbs	p. 194
Forming R[subscript 1]-Guttural Verbs	p. 194
Parsing the Qal in Weak Verbs	p. 194
Parsing R[subscript 1]-Guttural Verbs	p. 195
Exercise Twenty-Nine	p. 198
R[subscript 1]-Guttural [characters not reproducible] (Pe Alef) Special Cases: [characters not reproducible]
Introduction	p. 201
Weaknesses or Infirmities of R[subscript 1]-Guttural [characters not reproducible] Verbs (Special Cases)	p. 201
Remedy for the Preformative Vowel	p. 201
Remedy for the Thematic Vowel	p. 201
Forming R[subscript 1]-Guttural [characters not reproducible] Verbs (Special Cases)	p. 202
Parsing R[subscript 1]-Guttural [characters not reproducible] Verbs (Special Cases)	p. 202
[characters not reproducible] with Pronominal Suffixes	p. 202
Exercise Thirty	p. 204
R[subscript 2]-Guttural (Ayin Guttural) Verbs
Introduction	p. 207
Weaknesses or Infirmities of R[subscript 2]-Guttural Verbs	p. 207
Strong Areas of R[subscript 2]-Guttural Verbs	p. 207
Remedies for the Infirmity of the Dagesh Forte	p. 207
Remedy for the Infirmity of the Vocal Shewa	p. 208
Final Considerations	p. 208
Forming and Parsing R[subscript 2]-Guttural Verbs	p. 209
Exercise Thirty-One	p. 211
R[subscript 3]-Guttural (Lamed Guttural) Verbs (Excluding [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible])
Introduction	p. 215
Weakness or Infirmity of R[subscript 3]-Guttural Verbs	p. 215
Strong Areas of R[subscript 3]-Guttural Verbs	p. 215
Remedies for the Infirmity of the R[subscript 3]-Gutturals	p. 215
Final Considerations	p. 216
Forming and Parsing R[subscript 3]-Guttural Verbs	p. 217
Exercise Thirty-Two	p. 220
R[subscript 3]-Alef (Lamed Alef) Verbs
Introduction	p. 223
Weaknesses or Infirmities of R[subscript 3]-Alef verbs	p. 223
Strong Areas of R[subscript 3]-Alef Verbs	p. 223
Remedies for the Infirmity of the R[subscript 3]-Alef Verbs	p. 223
Final Considerations	p. 225
Forming and Parsing R[subscript 3]-Alef Verbs	p. 225
Exercise Thirty-Three	p. 227
R[subscript 1]-Nun (Pe Nun) Verbs
Introduction	p. 231
Weaknesses or Infirmities of R[subscript 1]-Nun Verbs	p. 231
Strong Areas of the R[subscript 1]-Nun Verbs	p. 231
Remedies for the Infirmities of the R[subscript 1]-Nun Verbs	p. 231
Final Considerations	p. 233
Forming and Parsing R[subscript 1]-Nun Verbs	p. 233
Exercise Thirty-Four	p. 236
R[subscript 1]-Vav and Yod (Pe Vav/Yod) Verbs
Introduction: R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Vav)	p. 239
Weaknesses or Infirmities of R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Vav)	p. 239
Strong Areas of R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Vav) Verbs	p. 239
Remedies for the Infirmities of the R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Vav) Verbs	p. 239
Final Considerations	p. 240
Introduction: R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Yod)	p. 241
Weakness or Infirmities of R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Yod) Verbs	p. 241
Strong Areas of the R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Yod) Verbs	p. 241
Remedies for the Infirmities of the R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Yod) verbs	p. 241
Final Consideration	p. 241
Introduction: Mixed Forms	p. 241
Verbs Partly R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Vav) and Partly R[subscript 1]-Yod (original Yod): [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible]	p. 242
Verbs R[subscript 1]-Yod/R[subscript 2]-Sade ([characters not reproducible] and frequently [characters not reproducible])	p. 242
The Irregular Verb [characters not reproducible] (O/A)	p. 243
Forming and Parsing R[subscript 1]-Yod Verbs	p. 243
Exercise Thirty-Five	p. 246
R[subscript 2]-Vav and Yod (Ayin Vav/Yod) Verbs
Introduction	p. 251
Weaknesses or Infirmities of R[subscript 2]-Vav (Yod) Verbs	p. 251
Strong Areas of R[subscript 2]-Vav (Yod) Verbs	p. 251
Remedies for the Infinitives of R[subscript 2]-Vav (Yod) Verbs	p. 251
Accent	p. 255
The R[subscript 2]-Vav/R[subscript 3]-Alef Verb [characters not reproducible]	p. 255
Forming and Parsing R[subscript 2]-Vav (Yod) Verbs	p. 257
Exercise Thirty-Six	p. 261
R[subscript 3]-Vav and Yod (Lamed Vav/Yod) Verbs
Introduction	p. 265
Weakness or Infirmity of R[subscript 3]-Vav/Yod Verbs	p. 265
Strong Areas of R[subscript 3]-Vav/Yod Verbs	p. 265
Remedies for the Infirmities of R[subscript 3]-Vav/Yod Verbs	p. 265
Attaching Pronominal Suffixes to R[subscript 3]-Vav/Yod Verbs	p. 269
Forming and Parsing R[subscript 3]-Vav/Yod Verbs	p. 269
Nouns Derived from R[subscript 3]-Yod (Vav) Roots	p. 270
Exercise Thirty-Seven	p. 272
Geminate (R[subscript 2]R[subscript 3] = R[subscript 2]R[subscript 2]; Double Ayin) Verbs
Introduction	p. 275
General Weakness or Infirmity of Geminate Verbs	p. 275
Strong Areas of Geminate Verbs	p. 275
General Remedies Applying to all Conjugations	p. 275
Specific Remedies	p. 276
Final Considerations	p. 281
Forming and Parsing Geminate Verbs	p. 281
Exercise Thirty-Eight	p. 284
Appendixes
Phonological Chart of Hebrew Consonants	p. 289
Regular Nouns with Suffixes	p. 290
Irregular Nouns with Suffixes	p. 292
Prepositions with Suffixes	p. 295
Hebrew Pronominal Suffixes	p. 297
Verbal Paradigms	p. 298
Hebrew-English Vocabulary List	p. 324
Index	p. 335
Summary Sheets	p. 345
Color Charts	p. 349
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