Ionic Compounds Applications of Chemistry to Mineralogy

by Yoder, Claude H.

• ISBN13: 9780471740469
• ISBN10: 0471740462
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-10-06
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

A practical introduction to ionic compounds for both mineralogists and chemists, this book bridges the two disciplines. It explains the fundamental principles of the structure and bonding in minerals, and emphasizes the relationship of structure at the atomic level to the symmetry and properties of crystals. This is a great reference for those interested in the chemical and crystallographic properties of minerals.

Author Biography

CLAUDE H. YODER is a chemistry professor at Franklin & Marshall College. He is the recipient of numerous national awards and research grants and is the author of over 100 publications.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Bonding and Composition	1	(28)
Types of Bonding	3	(2)
Ionic Compounds	5	(6)
Types of Ions	5	(3)
Names of Ions	8	(3)
Percent Composition and Empirical Formula	11	(8)
The Mole	13	(2)
Molar Mass (Formula Weight)	15	(1)
Calculation of Empirical Formula from Percent Composition	15	(2)
Use of Oxide Data	17	(1)
Formulas for Solid Solutions	18	(1)
Covalent Character in Ionic Compounds	19	(3)
Interactions Between Ions	22	(7)
Some Laws of Electrostatics	22	(1)
Potential Energy of Charged Particles	23	(4)
Lattice Energy and Its Effect on Properties	27	(2)
The Structure of Ionic Compounds: Closest Packing	29	(12)
Closest Packing of Ions	30	(11)
The Holes Between the Layers	31	(2)
Stacking Sequences	33	(3)
Closest Packing for Ionic Compounds	36	(3)
Relationship of Formula to Occupation of Voids	39	(2)
The Symmetry of Crystals	41	(18)
Symmetry Elements	41	(8)
Hermann-Mauguin Notation (Point Groups)	49	(4)
Crystal Systems	53	(6)
Crystallographic Axes	54	(5)
The Structure of Some Simple Closest-packed Compounds	59	(28)
Symmetry of the AB and ABC Closest-packed Arrangements	59	(1)
The Unit Cell	60	(5)
The NaCl Structure	65	(3)
The Sphalerite Structure	68	(4)
Axial Relationships	72	(2)
Wurtzite, a Polymorph of Sphalerite	74	(2)
The Fluorite Structure	76	(4)
The Rutile Structure, Polyhedral Coordination Models	80	(7)
Factors that Affect the Symmetry of the Unit Cell	87	(28)
Effect of Cation	87	(3)
The Chalcopyrite Structure and Solid Solution	88	(2)
Effect of the Anion	90	(23)
Some Oxy Anions	90	(2)
The Pyrite Structure	92	(3)
The Calcite Structure	95	(2)
Aragonite, A Polymorph of Calcite	97	(3)
Several Sulfates, Anhydrite and Barite	100	(6)
Several Silicates, Zircon, and Beryl	106	(2)
The Silicates	108	(5)
Effect of Temperature and Pressure	113	(2)
Physical Properties: Morphology	115	(20)
Crystal Morphology	115	(1)
Miller Indices	115	(3)
Forms	118	(11)
Habit	127	(2)
Deviations in Crystal Growth	129	(6)
Parallel Growth	129	(1)
Twinning	129	(2)
Epitaxis and Pseudomorphism	131	(4)
Physical Properties: Color	135	(14)
Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum	135	(1)
The Nature of Electrons	136	(6)
Electron Configurations	142	(1)
The Crystal Field Model	143	(4)
Colored Cations	147	(1)
Ion Impurities	148	(1)
Crystal Defects	148	(1)
Chemical Properties	149	(16)
Solubility	149	(8)
Energetics of Dissolution	151	(4)
Solubility Rules	155	(1)
Double Salts	156	(1)
Reaction with Acids	157	(5)
Types of Chemical Reactions	157	(2)
Water as Both Acid and Base	159	(1)
Strong and Weak Acids	160	(1)
Conjugate Bases	160	(2)
Use of Chemical Reactions for Identification	162	(3)
Appendices	165	(18)
The Periodic Chart	165	(4)
The Elements: Symbols, Melting Points, Boiling Points, Densities, and Electronegativities	169	(2)
Metallic, Covalent, and Ionic Radii	171	(2)
Quartz	173	(4)
Crystal System Identification Practice	177	(2)
Crystal Systems and Classes	179	(2)
Additional Reading and Resources	181	(2)
Index	183