ISDN : Concepts, Facilities, and Services

by Kessler, Gary

• ISBN13: 9780070344372
• ISBN10: 007034437X
• Edition: 1st
• Copyright: 1998-06-01
• Publisher: MCGRAW HILL BOOK COMPANY

Summary

Remarkable sales for three successive editions have made it the bestselling ISDN book of all time. Now Kessler and Southwick's one-volume resource is bigger and better than ever, covering all the latest developments in broadband communications--including ADSL, IP switching, and Ipv6--while retaining the encyclopedic treatment that has distinguished it as the definitive reference on the subject.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi	(1)
Preface to the First Edition	xxii	(1)
Acknowledgments	xxiii	(2)
How to Use This Book	xxv
Introduction	1	(10)
1.1 A Definition of ISDN	3	(1)
1.2 The Forces Driving ISDN	4	(2)
1.3 ISDN Integrated Access	6	(2)
1.4 ISDN Digital Services	8	(1)
1.5 What ISDN Is and Isn't	9	(1)
1.6 Where to from Here	10	(1)
Chapter 1 Telecommunications Background for ISDN	11	(28)
1.1 Communications Basics	12	(9)
1.1.1 Analog and Digital Signals	12	(2)
1.1.2 Amplifiers and Repeaters	14	(1)
1.1.3 Structure of the Telephone Network	14	(4)
The Predivestiture Network	14	(3)
The Postdivestiture Network	17	(1)
1.1.4 Passband Bandwidth	18	(1)
1.1.5 The Telephone Local Loop	18	(2)
1.1.6 Multiplexing	20	(1)
1.2 Digital Telephony	21	(8)
1.2.1 The Move to a Digital Telephone Network	21	(1)
1.2.2 Digitizing Voice and Pulse Code Modulation	22	(2)
1.2.3 The Digital TDM Hierarchy	24	(3)
1.2.4 Digital Signals on the Local Loop	27	(1)
1.2.5 Full-Duplex Communication on the Local Loop	28	(1)
1.3 Types of Switched Networks	29	(5)
1.3.1 Circuit Switching	31	(1)
1.3.2 Packet Switching	32	(2)
1.3.3 Fast Packet Technologies	34	(1)
1.4 Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model	34	(5)
1.4.1 OSI Layers	35	(2)
1.4.2 Packet Swtiching and X.25	37	(1)
1.4.3 Protocol Architectures	38	(1)
Chapter 2 ISDN Terms, Definitions, and Standards	39	(26)
2.1 ISDN Channels	40	(4)
2.1.1 The D-Channel	42	(1)
2.1.2 The B-Channel	42	(1)
2.1.3 H-Channels	43	(1)
2.2 Access Interfaces	44	(3)
2.2.1 Basic Rate Interface	45	(1)
2.2.2 Primary Rate Interface	46	(1)
2.3 Functional Devices and Reference Points	47	(4)
2.3.1 ISDN Functional Devices	48	(2)
2.3.2 ISDN Reference Points	50	(1)
2.3.3 B-ISDN Channels, Functional Devices, and References Points	51	(1)
2.4 Standards Organizations	51	(12)
2.4.1 The ITU-T	51	(5)
2.4.2 The American National Standards Institute	56	(2)
2.4.3 Bellcore	58	(1)
2.4.4 The European Telecommunications Standards Institute	59	(1)
2.4.5 Other Standards Organizations	60	(2)
2.4.6 Industry Consortia	62	(1)
2.5 Summary	63	(2)
Chapter 3 Overview of ISDN Services	65	(26)
3.1 Service Requirements	66	(3)
3.2 ISDN Services	69	(1)
3.3 Bearer Services and Attributes	70	(11)
3.3.1 Information Transfer Attributes	71	(3)
3.3.2 Access Attributes	74	(3)
3.3.3 General Attributes and Supplementary Services	77	(4)
3.4 Teleservices	81	(1)
3.5 Broadband Services	82	(2)
3.6 Sample Service Profiles	84	(5)
3.6.1 Bearer Service Categories	85	(2)
3.6.2 Bearer Service Requirements for the United States	87	(1)
3.6.3 Final Comments	87	(2)
3.7 Summary	89	(2)
Chapter 4 ISDN Protocol Architecture	91	(6)
4.1 Protocol Planes	92	(1)
4.2 Protocols, Channels, and Reference Points	93	(2)
4.3 Summary	95	(2)
Chapter 5 Physical Layer Protocols	97	(24)
5.1 Basic Rate Interface	98	(16)
5.1.1 ITU-T Recommendation 1.430 (S/T Reference Point)	98	(9)
Topology	98	(2)
Physical Connector and Power	100	(1)
Line Code and Frame Format	101	(5)
Initializing the BRI Link	106	(1)
5.1.2 ANSI T1.601 (U Reference Point)	107	(4)
5.1.3 Non-2B1 Q U Reference Point Standards	111	(1)
5.1.4 Alternate Access Facilities	112	(1)
5.1.5 BRI Summary	112	(2)
5.2 Primary Rate Interface	114	(5)
5.2.1 The 1.544-Mbps (1544-kbps) Interface	114	(3)
5.2.2 The 2.048-Mbps (2048-kbps) Interface	117	(1)
5.2.3 PRI Support of Nx64 and H-Channels	118	(1)
5.3 Summary	119	(2)
Chapter 6 The D-Channel Data Link Protocol	121	(20)
6.1 Link Access Procedures on the D-Channel	122	(6)
6.1.1 LAPD Frames	123	(1)
6.1.2 Flags and Zero-Bit Insertion	124	(1)
6.1.3 The Control Field and LAPD Frame Types	125	(1)
6.1.4 LAPD Addressing	126	(2)
6.2 Special Features of LAPD	128	(10)
6.2.1 Multiplexing, TEIs, and SAPIs	128	(2)
6.2.2 SAPI and TEI Definitions	130	(2)
6.2.3 TEI Management	132	(2)
6.2.4 System Parameters and Timers	134	(1)
6.2.5 Contention in the Point-to-Multipoint Configuration	135	(3)
6.3 LAPB and LAPD	138	(2)
6.4 Summary	140	(1)
Chapter 7 The D-Channel Layer 3 Protocol	141	(34)
7.1 Layer 3 User-Network Signaling	142	(2)
7.2 Message Format	144	(6)
7.2.1 Protocol Discriminator	145	(1)
7.2.2 Call Reference	146	(1)
7.2.3 Message Type	147	(1)
7.2.4 Other Information Elements	147	(3)
7.3 Basic Circuit-Mode Calls	150	(9)
7.3.1 Setting a Profile	152	(1)
7.3.2 Connecting the Call	152	(6)
7.3.3 Disconnecting the Call	158	(1)
7.4 Basic Packet- and Frame-Mode Calls	159	(3)
7.4.1 Circuit-Mode Access to Remote Packet Handlers	160	(1)
7.4.2 B-Channel Access to the ISDN Virtual Circuit Service	161	(1)
7.4.3 D-Channel Access to the ISDN Virtual Circuit Service	162	(1)
7.4.4 Frame-Mode Calls	162	(1)
7.5 Controlling and Invoking Supplementary Services	162	(4)
7.5.1 The Keypad Protocol	164	(1)
7.5.2 The Feature Key Management Protocol	164	(1)
7.5.3 The Functional Protocol	165	(1)
7.6 The Human-Network Interface in the ISDN Era	166	(2)
7.7 Numbering and Addressing	168	(6)
7.7.1 Telephone Numbers	168	(1)
7.7.2 PSPDN Numbering	169	(1)
7.7.3 ISDN Numbers and Addresses	170	(4)
7.8 Summary	174	(1)
Chapter 8 Packet-and Frame-Mode Bearer Services	175	(12)
8.1 X.25 Packet-Mode Services	176	(6)
8.1.1 X.31 Case A	177	(1)
8.1.2 X.31 Case B	178	(1)
8.1.3 X.25 Call Example	179	(3)
8.2 Frame-Mode Bearer Services	182	(3)
8.2.1 Frame-Mode Data Link Layer Protocol	182	(1)
8.2.2 FMBS Protocol Architecture	183	(1)
8.2.3 Frame Relay	184	(1)
8.2.4 Frame-Mode Call Control	184	(1)
8.3 Summary	185	(2)
Chapter 9 National ISDN	187	(10)
9.1 National ISDN	188	(4)
9.1.1 National ISDN Definition	188	(1)
9.1.2 The Goal of National ISDN	189	(1)
9.1.3 Initial Players	189	(2)
9.1.4 National ISDN Focus	191	(1)
9.2 National ISDN-1	192	(1)
9.3 National ISDN-2	193	(1)
9.4 National ISDN-3	194	(1)
9.5 The Future of National ISDN	195	(1)
9.6 Summary	196	(1)
Chapter 10 Signaling System No. 7	197	(40)
10.1 Network Signaling Systems	198	(8)
10.1.1 In-Band Signaling	198	(2)
10.1.2 Out-of-Band Signaling	200	(1)
10.1.3 Common Channel Signaling	200	(1)
10.1.4 CCS Network Components	201	(2)
10.1.5 CCS Signaling Modes	203	(1)
10.1.6 ITU-T Signaling Systems No. 6 and No. 7	204	(2)
10.2 SS7 Protocol Overview	206	(19)
10.2.1 Message Transfer Part	207	(1)
10.2.2 MTP Level 1	207	(1)
10.2.3 MTP Level 2	208	(2)
10.2.4 MTP Level 3	210	(3)
10.2.5 Signaling Connection Control Part	213	(1)
10.2.6 User and Application Parts	214	(1)
10.2.7 ISDN User Part	215	(2)
10.2.8 Transaction Capabilities Application Part	217	(6)
10.2.9 Operations, Maintenance, and Administration Part	223	(1)
10.2.10 B-ISDN Signaling	223	(1)
10.2.11 Summary	224	(1)
10.3 SS7 Services	225	(8)
10.3.1 800 Services	226	(1)
10.3.2 Other Data-Based Services	227	(3)
10.3.3 Private Network Access to SS7	230	(1)
10.3.4 Custom Local Area Signaling Services	230	(3)
10.4 Advanced Intelligent Networks	233	(2)
10.5 Summary	235	(2)
Chapter 11 ISDN Applications	237	(50)
11.1 ISDN Applications Overview	239	(4)
11.2 North American ISDN Users' Forum	243	(4)
11.3 Specific ISDN Applications	247	(34)
11.3.1 Core ISDN Applications	247	(30)
Enhanced Phone Service	247	(4)
Multimedia Conferencing	251	(4)
Router-Based Remote Access	255	(3)
Router-Based Remote Access and Dial-on-Demand Routing	258	(6)
Router-Based Remote Access and Dial Backup	264	(2)
Router-Based Remote Access and Bandwidth Aggregation	266	(2)
Router-Based Remote Access and Managed Access	268	(1)
Router-Based Remote Access Hardware, Software, and Provisioning Options	268	(4)
PC-Based Remote Access	272	(5)
11.3.2 Additional Applications	277	(4)
11.4 ISDN in Use Today	281	(4)
11.5 Summary	285	(2)
Chapter 12 ISDN Implementations	287	(56)
12.1 Interface Configurations in the United States	288	(4)
12.1.1 Primary Rate Configurations	289	(2)
12.1.2 Basic Rate Configurations	291	(1)
12.2 ISDN Services Offered in the United States	292	(16)
12.2.1 Bearer Service Offerings	293	(9)
Circuit-Mode Services	293	(6)
Packet-Mode Services	299	(2)
Frame Mode Services	301	(1)
12.2.2 Supplemental Service Offerings	302	(4)
Circuit-Mode Options	303	(2)
Packet-Mode Options	305	(1)
12.2.3 Teleservice Offerings	306	(2)
Voice- and Video-Based Teleservices	306	(1)
Data-Based Teleservices	307	(1)
12.3 Provisioning Options in the United States	308	(7)
12.3.1 National ISDN Ordering Codes	308	(4)
12.3.2 ISDN Service Availability Database	312	(1)
12.3.3 ISDN Anywhere	313	(1)
12.3.4 Service Profile Identifiers (SPID)	314	(1)
12.4 ISDN Activity in the United States	315	(12)
12.4.1 Local Exchange Carrier Activity	316	(7)
12.4.2 Interexchange Carrier Activity	323	(2)
12.4.3 Tariffs	325	(2)
12.5 International Implementations of ISDN	327	(14)
12.5.1 Canada	331	(1)
12.5.2 Mexico	332	(1)
12.5.3 Brazil	332	(1)
12.5.4 Europe	333	(5)
Belgium	335	(1)
France	336	(1)
Germany	336	(1)
United Kingdom	337	(1)
12.5.5 Russia	338	(1)
12.5.6 Japan	338	(1)
12.5.7 Other International Activity	339	(2)
12.6 Summary	341	(2)
Chapter 13 ISDN Products	343	(54)
13.1 Local Exchange Equipment	344	(14)
13.1.1 AT&T	350	(5)
13.1.2 Nortel (Northern Telecom) DMS-100	355	(2)
13.1.3 Other ISDN Switches	357	(1)
13.2 Basic Rate Interface Line Termination Equipment and Extenders	358	(3)
13.3 On-Premises Switching and Multiplexing	361	(9)
13.3.1 PBXs	361	(2)
13.3.2 ISDN Concentrators, Gateways, and Multiplexers	363	(4)
13.3.3 Integrated Services Local Area Network/Isochronous Ethernet	367	(3)
13.4 ISDN Terminal Equipment	370	(4)
13.5 Terminal Adapters	374	(8)
13.6 ISDN Chip Sets	382	(2)
13.7 Test Equipment	384	(8)
13.7.1 Media Testing	385	(1)
13.7.2 Protocol Monitoring and Testing	386	(5)
13.7.3 Switch Simulators	391	(1)
13.7.4 Test Facilities	391	(1)
13.8 Applications Software	392	(3)
13.9 Summary	395	(2)
Chapter 14 Introduction to Broadband and Fast Packet Services	397	(16)
14.1 Why Do We Need Broadband Services?	398	(6)
14.1.1 The Need for Speed	398	(2)
14.1.2 Broadband Applications	400	(4)
14.1.3 The B-ISDN Challenge	404	(1)
14.2 Fast Packet Switching	404	(2)
14.3 Frame Relay	406	(1)
14.4 Cell Relay and ATM	407	(4)
14.4.1 Time-Division Multiplexing	407	(1)
14.4.2 Cell Relay	408	(1)
14.4.3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode	409	(2)
14.5 Final Comments	411	(2)
Chapter 15 Frame Relay Concepts and Protocols	413	(32)
15.1 Frame Relay Basics	414	(3)
15.1.1 Frame Relay Definition	414	(1)
15.1.2 Protocol Architecture	414	(2)
15.1.3 Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits	416	(1)
15.1.4 Frame Relay Standards	416	(1)
15.2 LAPF Protocol Basics	417	(7)
15.2.1 Frame Relay and X.25	417	(3)
15.2.2 LAPF Frame Format	420	(2)
15.2.3 Data Link Connection Identifiers	422	(2)
15.3 Frame Relay Procedures	424	(19)
15.3.1 Committed Information Rate and Class of Service Parameters	424	(4)
15.3.2 Congestion in a Frame Relay Network	428	(5)
Explicit Congestion Notification	430	(2)
Implicit Congestion Notification	432	(1)
Consolidated Link Layer Management	432	(1)
15.3.3 PVC Management Procedures	433	(5)
15.3.4 Multicast Service	438	(1)
15.3.5 Customer Network Management	439	(1)
15.3.6 The Network-to-Network Interface	440	(2)
15.3.7 Other Extentions to Frame Relay	442	(1)
15.4 Summary	443	(2)
Chapter 16 Frame Relay Call Control Signaling	445	(8)
16.1 The Need for Switched Virtual Circuits	446	(1)
16.2 Frame Relay SVC Call Control	447	(5)
16.2.1 Q.933 Case A	448	(2)
16.2.2 Q.933 Case B	450	(2)
16.2.3 FRF SVC Implementation Agreement	452	(1)
16.3 Summary	452	(1)
Chapter 17 Frame Relay Applications, Products, and Services	453	(14)
17.1 Frame Relay Application Issues	454	(2)
17.2 Frame Relay Products	456	(7)
17.2.1 FRADs	456	(2)
17.2.2 Bridges and Routers	458	(1)
17.2.3 Switches	459	(1)
17.2.4 PC and Host Interfaces	459	(3)
17.2.5 Protocol Analyzers	462	(1)
17.2.6 Applications Software	462	(1)
17.3 Frame Relay Services	463	(3)
17.3.1 Service Providers	463	(2)
17.3.2 Internet Service Providers Supporting Frame Relay Access	465	(1)
17.3.3 Frame Relay over ISDN	465	(1)
17.4 Summary	466	(1)
Chapter 18 ATM Concepts and Protocols	467	(50)
18.1 ATM Standards, Terms, and Concepts	468	(6)
18.1.1 ATM Standards Development	468	(1)
18.1.2 Interfaces and Functional Devices	469	(2)
18.1.3 ATM Connections	471	(2)
18.1.4 Cell Size	473	(1)
18.2 B-ISDN Protocol Architecture	474	(2)
18.3 B-ISDN Physical Layer	476	(7)
18.3.1 Physical Layer Functions	477	(1)
18.3.2 Media Options	478	(1)
18.3.3 Cell Transport on Digital Carriers	479	(2)
18.3.4 Transmission Format for SONET/SDH	481	(2)
18.4 The ATM Layer	483	(12)
18.4.1 Cell Header and ATM Layer Overview	484	(2)
18.4.2 Generic Flow Control	486	(1)
18.4.3 Virtual Path and Channel Identifiers	486	(2)
18.4.4 Payload Type Discrimination	488	(1)
18.4.5 Loss Priority Indication	489	(1)
18.4.6 Bit Error Detection and Cell Delineation	489	(2)
18.4.7 Traffic Management and Congestion Control	491	(4)
18.5 The ATM Adaptation Layer	495	(13)
18.5.1 AAL Protocol Types and Service Classes	496	(1)
18.5.2 AAL Protocol Overview	497	(3)
18.5.3 AAL Type 1	500	(1)
18.5.4 AAL Type 2	501	(2)
18.5.5 AAL Types 3 and 4	503	(1)
18.5.6 AAL Type 5	504	(2)
18.5.7 The Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol	506	(2)
18.5.8 Delivered Bit Rates with Cell-Based Protocols	508	(1)
18.6 Frame-Based ATM Access Protocols	508	(3)
18.6.1 The ATM Data Exchange Interface	509	(2)
18.6.2 Frame User-to-Network Interface	511	(1)
18.7 Other ATM Services	511	(4)
18.7.1 Work in Progress	511	(2)
18.7.2 Interworking with Frame Relay	513	(1)
18.7.3 Interworking with ISDN	514	(1)
18.8 Concluding Remarks	515	(2)
Chapter 19 ATM Signaling across the UNI	517	(22)
19.1 DSS 2 Protocol Overview	518	(3)
19.1.1 SAAL	518	(1)
19.1.2 DSS 2 Network Layer	519	(2)
19.2 DSS 2 Messages and Formats	521	(9)
19.2.1 Protocol Discriminator	521	(1)
19.2.2 Call Reference	521	(1)
19.2.3 Message Type	522	(1)
19.2.4 Message Length	523	(1)
19.2.5 Other Information Elements	523	(3)
19.2.6 Contents of Information Elements Examples	526	(2)
19.2.7 ATM Host Addressing	528	(2)
19.3 Signaling Virtual Channels	530	(1)
19.4 Call Setup Examples	531	(6)
19.4.1 Point-to-Point Call Setup and Release	531	(1)
19.4.2 Point-to-Multipoint Call Setup	532	(2)
19.4.3 Multiple Connection Call Setup and Termination	534	(2)
19.4.4 Connectionless Services	536	(1)
19.5 Interworking	537	(1)
19.6 Concluding Comment	538	(1)
Chapter 20 ATM Applications, Products, and Services	539	(20)
20.1 Applications	540	(3)
20.1.1 Business and Consumer Applications	540	(1)
20.1.2 The North Carolina Information Highway	541	(2)
20.2 Products	543	(14)
20.2.1 ATM Application Environments	544	(1)
20.2.2 ATM Switching Principles	545	(6)
Blocking	546	(2)
Switch Fabrics	548	(1)
Buffering Methods	549	(1)
Other Switch Characteristics	550	(1)
20.2.3 Product Examples	551	(6)
Switches	551	(1)
LAN Hubs	551	(2)
Routers	553	(1)
ATM DSUs	554	(1)
Endsystem Adapter Cards	554	(1)
ATM Chips	555	(1)
ATM Protocol Test Equipment	556	(1)
20.3 Services	557	(1)
20.4 Concluding Comments	558	(1)
Chapter 21 Switched Multimegabit Data Service	559	(28)
21.1 Overview and Background	560	(1)
21.2 SMDS Interfaces and Service Features	561	(5)
21.2.1 Protocol Interfaces and Network Components	561	(2)
21.2.2 Service Features	563	(3)
Address Screening	563	(1)
Source Address Validation	564	(1)
Performance and Quality of Service Objectives	564	(1)
Line Rates and Access Classes	565	(1)
SMDS Customer Network Management	565	(1)
21.3 SMDS User Access Protocols	566	(9)
21.3.1 User Information Transfer (SIP L3)	567	(2)
21.3.2 Cell-Based Access at SIP L2	569	(3)
DQDB-Based SIP L2	569	(2)
ATM and SIP L2	571	(1)
21.3.3 SIP Level 1	572	(1)
21.3.4 Data Exchange Interface	572	(2)
21.3.5 Frame-Based Access to SMDS	574	(1)
21.4 SMDS Applications	575	(3)
21.5 SMDS Products	578	(4)
21.5.1 Switches	578	(1)
21.5.2 Bridges and Routers	579	(1)
21.5.3 SMDS DSUs	579	(1)
21.5.4 Adapter Cards	580	(1)
21.5.5 Chip Sets	581	(1)
21.5.6 Protocol Test Equipment	581	(1)
21.6 SMDS Service Offerings	582	(2)
21.6.1 SMDS Deployment Phases	582	(1)
21.6.2 Service Offerings and Cost Elements	583	(1)
21.7 Summary	584	(3)
Chapter 22 ISDN, B-ISDN, and the Internet	587	(28)
22.1 Accessing the Internet: Why and How?	588	(12)
22.1.1 Why Use the Internet?	589	(1)
22.1.2 Access Options	590	(3)
22.1.3 Choosing the Type of Access Connection	593	(1)
22.1.4 ISDN Access to the Internet	594	(2)
22.1.5 Frame Relay Access to the Internet	596	(1)
22.1.6 SMDS and the Internet	596	(2)
22.1.7 ATM and the Internet	598	(2)
22.2 ISDN, B-ISDN, and Internet Protocols	600	(13)
22.2.1 TCP/IP Overview	600	(4)
22.2.2 IP and ISDN-Related Transport	604	(8)
IP over ISDN in Circuit-Mode	604	(1)
IP over ISDN in Packet-Mode	605	(1)
IP and Frame Relay	606	(1)
IP and SMDS	607	(2)
IP and ATM	609	(3)
22.2.3 Network Management	612	(1)
22.3 Summary	613	(2)
Chapter 23 Digital Subscriber Line Technologies (xDSL)	615	(30)
23.1 Setting the Stage	616	(2)
23.2 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)	618	(12)
23.2.1 Technology Overview	618	(6)
23.2.2 Applications	624	(1)
23.2.3 Products, Services, and Trials	625	(5)
23.2.4 ADSL and ISDN	630	(1)
23.3 Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line	630	(1)
23.4 Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line	631	(4)
23.4.1 Technology Overview	631	(2)
23.4.2 Applications	633	(1)
23.4.3 Open Issues and Futures	634	(1)
23.5 High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line	635	(1)
23.6 Single Line, or Symmetric, Digital Subscriber Line	636	(1)
23.7 ISDN Digital Subscriber Line	637	(1)
23.8 Related Technologies	638	(3)
23.8.1 Cable Modems	638	(2)
23.8.2 56-kbps Modems	640	(1)
23.9 Summary	641	(4)
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms	645	(10)
Appendix B ISDN and B-ISDN Specifications	655	(62)
B.1 ITU-T Recommendations	655	(20)
B.1.1 I-Series (ISDN) Recommendations	655	(8)
B.1.2 Q-Series (Signalling) Recommendations Related to ISDN, B-ISDN, and SS7	663	(10)
B.1.3 X-Series (Data Networks and Open System Communication) Recommendations Related to ISDN	673	(2)
B.2 ADSL Forum Technical Reports	675	(1)
B.3 ANSI T1 Standards and Technical Reports (TRs)	675	(5)
B.4 ATM Forum Specifications	680	(3)
B.5 Bellcore Documents	683	(16)
B.6 ETSI Documents	699	(10)
B.7 Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreements	709	(1)
B.8 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)	710	(1)
B.9 IETF Request for Comments (RFCs)	710	(2)
B.10 North American ISDN Users' Forum	712	(3)
B.11 SMDS Interest Group Implementation Agreements	715	(2)
Appendix C DSS Network Layer Messages and Information Elements	717	(16)
C.1 Messages	717	(4)
C.1.1 Call Establishment Messages	718	(1)
C.1.2 Call Information Phase Messages	718	(1)
C.1.3 Call Clearing Messages	719	(1)
C.1.4 Miscellaneous Messages	720	(1)
C.1.5 Point-to-Multipoint Messages	721	(1)
C.2 Information Elements	721	(12)
Appendix D ISDN Information Resources	733	(12)
D.1 Sources of Recommendations, Implementation Agreements, Standards, and Other Specifications	733	(2)
D.2 ISDN Resources on the Internet	735	(10)
D.2.1 Internet Discussion Lists and USENET Newsgroups	735	(3)
D.2.2 Internet Information Servers	738	(7)
Glossary of ISDN-Related Terms	745	(36)
References	781	(14)
Index	795