Issues in Cyberspace : Communication, Technology, Law and Society on the Internet Fronties

by Samoriski, Jan H.

• ISBN13: 9780205322626
• ISBN10: 020532262X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This book explores the problems facing society in the rapidly changing online environment, including the technical, social, and legal factors shaping the Internet today. Issues in Cyberspace provides an overview of the evolution of the Internet, the media interests that are driving its development, and the boundaries that are being established for online behavior in a variety of contexts. Issues discussed throughout the text include the influence of concentrated ownership, the First Amendment, commercialism, spam, privacy, encryption, hacking, copyright, libel, hate speech, indecency, obscenity, education, and global implications.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Communication, Society, Regulation and the Internet Frontier	1	(17)
The Internet as a New Frontier	2	(1)
Fads, Hype, and the Internet Express	2	(2)
The Internet and the Communications Industry	4	(1)
Approaching the Issues in Cyberspace	5	(1)
Cyberspace and the Politics of Control	6	(2)
The Power of Internet Surveillance	8	(1)
Government Regulation of Expression	9	(1)
Private Interests and the Regulation of Expression	10	(1)
The Bias of Technology	10	(2)
The Regulation of Cyberspace	12	(2)
Government by Litigation	14	(1)
Law, the Courts, and Issues in Cyberspace	15	(1)
Society, Activism, Communications Theory, and the Law	16	(1)
Notes	17	(1)
New Media Technology, Society, and the Rise of the Internet	18	(31)
Patterns from the Past: Society Enters the Internet Age	20	(2)
The Evolution of the Internet	22	(5)
External Forces and the Shaping of the Internet	27	(1)
Computer Code, Technology, and Society	27	(3)
The Impact of Internet Technology on Society	30	(7)
Characteristics of Computers and Internet Adopters	32	(1)
Internet Technology and the Digital Divide	33	(3)
Patterns of Use	36	(1)
Technological Forecasting and the Internet	37	(9)
The Accuracy of Forecasts	38	(2)
Internet Technology, Community, and Society	40	(1)
Democratic Society, Technology, and the Public	41	(1)
The Virtual Public	42	(2)
Anonymity and Online Society	44	(2)
Summary	46	(1)
Notes	47	(2)
Law, Policy, and the First Amendment in Cyberspace	49	(29)
The First Amendment and Free Expression in Cyberspace	51	(10)
First Amendment Principles	52	(1)
Perspectives on the First Amendment	53	(1)
Government and Private Threats to Free Speech	54	(1)
The First Amendment and Categories of Speech	55	(1)
A Model for First Amendment Interpretation	56	(3)
The Internet and Commercial Speech	59	(2)
Principles of Communications Law and Policy	61	(10)
The U.S. Supreme Court	63	(1)
Reading a Legal Opinion	64	(3)
The Regulation of the Communications Industry	67	(1)
Regulatory Politics in Transition	68	(3)
Regulation and the Internet	71	(2)
Governing the Internet	73	(2)
Summary	75	(1)
Notes	76	(2)
Media, Monopoly, and the Internet	78	(24)
Monopoly in a Historical Perspective	79	(2)
The Regulation of Monopolies	81	(4)
Media, Power, and Society	85	(5)
Media Ownership and Conflict of Interest	86	(1)
The Media and the Public	87	(1)
The Promise of the Internet	87	(2)
Dashed Hopes and Digital Despair	89	(1)
From Newsprint to Computer Bits and Bytes	90	(1)
Synergies, Mergers, and the Internet Age	91	(2)
The Evolving Cyber-Monopoly	93	(6)
AOL Time Warner	93	(2)
The Walt Disney Company/ABC	95	(2)
Viacom/CBS	97	(2)
Summary	99	(1)
Notes	100	(2)
E-commerce, Spam, and the Perils of Commercialism	102	(37)
The Rise of E-commerce	103	(15)
The Internet Gold Rush	104	(9)
New Problems for a New Marketplace	113	(5)
The Rise of Spam on the Internet	118	(10)
The Rise of Junk E-mail on the Internet	119	(1)
The Spam Controversy Takes Shape	119	(1)
Spam, the Law, and the First Amendment	120	(2)
Federal Court Rejects the ``Right to Spam''	122	(1)
Spammers Get More Sophisticated	123	(1)
A Regulatory Response to Spam	124	(1)
Commercial Speech and the First Amendment	125	(1)
Solving the Spam Problem	125	(3)
The Commercialization of Internet Navigation	128	(5)
Public Spaces, Free Speech, and the Internet	129	(1)
Public Discourse and Entertainment in the Information Age	129	(2)
Communications Policy, Monopoly, and the Rise of the Net	131	(2)
Internet Navigation: Commercial Opportunity or Social Curse?	133	(1)
Summary	134	(1)
Notes	135	(4)
Privacy, Surveillance, and Anonymity in Cyberspace	139	(28)
A Privacy Backlash Takes Shape	140	(4)
Privacy Practices Exposed	140	(2)
Surveillance from a Theoretical Perspective	142	(2)
Privacy, Electronic Mail, and the Web	144	(11)
Legal Origins of the Right to Privacy	145	(1)
Privacy and the Courts	146	(2)
A Summary of Privacy Case Law	148	(1)
Privacy Law Is Updated for the Electronic Age	149	(3)
Internet Monitoring in the Workplace: The Emergence of Cyberslacking	152	(1)
Intrusion and Ethical Questions	153	(1)
The Search for Electronic Evidence	154	(1)
Tracking and Targeting: Marketing Necessity or Choice?	155	(6)
Technology and Consumer Tracking: Surveillance Theory Applied	156	(1)
The Electronic Trojan Horse	157	(1)
The DoubleClick Case	157	(1)
The Industry Response to Concerns About Privacy	158	(1)
Privacy Policy and the Federal Trade Commission	159	(1)
A War of Words	160	(1)
Anonymity and Citizen Reaction to the Loss of Privacy	161	(2)
Privacy and the Private Sector	162	(1)
Beyond Pessimism	163	(1)
Summary	163	(1)
Notes	164	(3)
Encryption and Hacking	167	(37)
The Evolution of Encryption Policy	168	(18)
Cryptography and the Dawn of the Crypto Age	168	(2)
The Government and Wiretapping	170	(3)
The Constitution, the Government, and the ``Clear and Present Danger'' Test	173	(1)
Cryptography and the Clinton Administration	174	(5)
The Encryption Debate Intensifies	179	(1)
Encryption, the First Amendment, and the Courts	179	(1)
An Election Compromise	180	(1)
Encryption Regulations Relaxed	181	(1)
Another Court Ruling	181	(1)
The Wiretapping Controversy Continues with Carnivore	182	(3)
The End of Round One	185	(1)
Hacking, Cracking, and the Internet Age	186	(15)
What Makes a Cracker Tick?	187	(1)
The Internet's Vulnerability to Attack	188	(3)
Computer Crime and the Federal Government	191	(1)
Incentive to Cooperate	192	(1)
The Wake-up Call Arrives	193	(2)
Denial of Service Attacks	195	(2)
To Catch a (Cyber) Thief	197	(3)
Regulating Encryption and Enforcing the Law	200	(1)
The Secrecy Factor
Notes	201	(3)
Copyright and Piracy	204	(32)
An International Twist to Copyright	205	(2)
Framing the Copyright Debate: Balancing Different Interests	207	(2)
A New Copyright Paradigm	208	(1)
Communications Technology and the Evolution of U.S. Copyright Law	209	(6)
Home Video Recording Gets a Break	211	(1)
Copyright Enters the Digital Age	212	(1)
The White House Reacts to Industry Pressure	213	(1)
U.S. Copyright Interests Acquire an International Flavor	213	(1)
International Copyright Efforts Return Home	214	(1)
Outlaws on the Digital Frontier	215	(14)
Copyright and MP3	216	(1)
Napster and the Recording Industry	217	(2)
More Music Industry Woes	219	(1)
A Looming Battle of Formats	220	(1)
Movies, Copyright, and the Internet	221	(2)
Cybersquatting on the Internet Frontier	223	(1)
Anatomy of an Issue: Cybersquatting, Internet Protocol, and the Internet Police	223	(2)
The Regulation of Cybersquatting	225	(2)
Questions About the Right to Link in Cyberspace	227	(2)
Summary	229	(4)
Copyright Options	230	(2)
The Role of Government	232	(1)
Notes	233	(3)
Libel and Hate Speech Online	236	(29)
Libel and the Internet	237	(1)
The Evolution of the Law of Defamation	238	(1)
Defamation in the Modern Era	238	(11)
Elements of Libel	239	(1)
Libel, Public Figures, and Public Officials	239	(1)
Defenses Against Libel	240	(1)
Defamation in the Internet Age	241	(1)
Libel on the Internet	242	(5)
Internet Libel and Right-of-Reply	247	(1)
Cyberspace: Different Medium, Same Principles	248	(1)
Hate Speech and the Internet	249	(12)
Hate and Freedom of Expression	251	(1)
The Internet and the Problem of Hate Speech	251	(1)
The Courts and Hate Speech	252	(2)
Hate Speech Directed at Groups	254	(1)
Prosecuting Online Hate Speech	255	(1)
The ``Nuremberg Files'' Web Site	255	(2)
Hate on Campus	257	(2)
Hate, Attitudes, the Internet, and Columbine High	259	(1)
Internet Service Providers, Hate Speech, and Filtering	260	(1)
Summary	261	(1)
Notes	262	(3)
Indecency and Obscenity	265	(30)
Pornography and Technology	266	(1)
Legislating Morality in the Modern Era	267	(1)
Obscenity and the Courts	268	(3)
The Government and Indecency Regulation	271	(1)
The Beginnings of Indecency Regulation	271	(1)
Distinguishing Between Different Audiences	272	(4)
Protecting Children	274	(1)
Concerned Adults	274	(1)
Liberal Adults	275	(1)
Failed Attempts to Create a ``Safe Harbor'' for Indecency	276	(1)
The End of Scarcity	277	(1)
The Beginnings of Content Regulation on the Internet	278	(1)
CDA I: Anti-Indecency Legislation Becomes Law	279	(5)
The Issues Surrounding the CDA Case	281	(1)
The CDA Decision at the Appeals Court	282	(2)
The CDA at the Supreme Court	284	(1)
The Door to Internet Regulation Remains Ajar	285	(1)
The Child Online Protection Act	286	(3)
The Challenge to COPA	287	(2)
Mainstream Loudoun: Limiting Library Access to the Internet	289	(2)
Mainstream Loudoun v. Board of Trustees	290	(1)
Summary	291	(1)
Notes	292	(3)
The Internet, Children, and Education	295	(34)
Children and the Two Faces of Internet Technology	297	(12)
A Child's World of Computer Chips	297	(1)
Children and Lessons from Television	298	(1)
Children and the Media Business	299	(2)
The Commercialization of Childhood	301	(2)
Children, Electronic Toys, and the Internet Connection	303	(2)
Criticism of Electronic and Internet Toys	305	(1)
Children, Indecency, and Obscenity	306	(1)
Filtering Alternatives for Children	307	(1)
The Internet: A Child's World of Mixed Blessings	308	(1)
Internet Technology Enters the Classroom	309	(6)
The Wiring of the Nation's Schools	309	(1)
Rethinking the Emphasis on Computers	310	(2)
Literacy in the Internet Age	312	(1)
Teachers and the Internet	313	(1)
Tough Questions and Difficult Tasks	314	(1)
The Internet and Higher Education	315	(10)
Computers Across the Curriculum	316	(1)
The Internet and Online Research	317	(2)
The Boom in Distance Education	319	(2)
Effectiveness of Distance Education	321	(1)
Criticism of Distance Learning	322	(1)
Questions About Quality	323	(2)
An Unstoppable Trend?	325	(1)
Summary	325	(1)
Notes	326	(3)
Reflections in Cyberspace	329	(31)
Community and the Internet Frontier	330	(1)
Observations in Cyberspace	330	(6)
Internet Users and the Relevance of Politics	331	(1)
Litigating Democracy	332	(2)
The Internet, Free Speech, and Business	334	(1)
The Internet and the Reality of Regulation	335	(1)
Solutions in Cyberspace: Government Regulation of the Internet	336	(9)
The Internet and Industry Self-Regulation	338	(2)
The Filtering Alternative	340	(2)
Regulating the Internet Through Code	342	(3)
International Considerations in Internet Regulation	345	(3)
Values, Conflicts, and Disparate Governments	347	(1)
The Internet and Developmental Communications	347	(1)
Terms of Empowerment	348	(8)
Journalism and Cyberspace	350	(2)
Cyberspace and Citizen Empowerment	352	(1)
Empowerment and Terms of Good Health	353	(2)
Coming to Terms with the Potential of Cyberspace	355	(1)
Summary	356	(2)
Notes	358	(2)
Glossary	360	(5)
Bibliography	365	(13)
Index	378