Issues in Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Selections from the Cq Researcher

by Unknown

• ISBN13: 9781568027180
• ISBN10: 1568027184
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-06-01
• Publisher: Cq Pr

Table of Contents

Annotated Table of Contents	vii
Preface	xi
Contributors	xiii
RACE
Affirmative Action	1	(20)
Should colleges use race-based admissions policies to remedy discrimination against minorities?	2	(2)
Should colleges use race-based admissions policies to promote diversity in their student populations?	4	(1)
Should colleges adopt other policies to try to increase minority enrollment?	5	(2)
Background	7	(6)
Unequal Opportunity	7	(1)
Affirmative Action	7	(1)
Negative Reaction	8	(3)
Legal Battles	11	(2)
Current Situation	13	(3)
Legal Confusion	13	(1)
Legal Appeals	14	(2)
Outlook: Ideals and Reality	16	(1)
Notes	16	(2)
Bibliography	18	(3)
Reparations	21	(20)
Should the United States pay reparations to African-American descendants of slaves?	24	(1)
Have efforts to collect reparations for Holocaust victims gone too far?	25	(2)
Does putting a price tag on suffering diminish that suffering?	27	(1)
Background	28	(6)
Ancient Notion	28	(2)
Native Americans	30	(1)
Japanese-Americans	31	(1)
The Holocaust	32	(2)
Current Situation	34	(3)
Reparations for Slavery	34	(3)
Outlook: Starting a Dialogue	37	(1)
Notes	37	(2)
Bibliography	39	(2)
Redistricting	41	(12)
Do recent Supreme Court rulings undermine minority representation in Congress?	43	(1)
Will redistricting shift the partisan balance of power in Congress?	44	(2)
Background	46	(1)
Early Controversies	46	(1)
Legal Challenges	46	(1)
``Racial Gerrymanders''	47	(1)
Current Situation	47	(1)
The Fighting Begins	47	(1)
Statistical Sampling	48	(1)
Outlook: Minority Concerns	48	(2)
Notes	50	(1)
Bibliography	51	(2)
Policing the Police	53	(26)
Should the Miranda Rule regarding police interrogation be relaxed?	55	(3)
Are stronger measures needed to prevent use of excessive force by police officers?	58	(2)
Should the use of ``racial profiling'' be prohibited?	60	(2)
Background	62	(10)
A Checkered Past	62	(3)
Miranda's Rights	65	(2)
Use of Force	67	(2)
``Driving While Black''	69	(3)
Current Situation	72	(4)
Debating Miranda	72	(1)
Judging Police	73	(1)
Watching for Profiling	74	(2)
Outlook: The Public's Trust	76	(1)
Notes	77	(1)
Bibliography	78	(1)
Racism and the Black Middle Class	79	(18)
Is racism still a big obstacle to advancement for many black professionals?	81	(2)
Do members of the black middle class have an obligation to other blacks to live in predominantly African-American neighborhoods, especially in poorer areas in the inner city?	83	(1)
Do middle-class African-Americans need affirmative action to have equal opportunities at school and work?	84	(2)
Background	86	(5)
The Migration North	86	(2)
Civil Rights Era	88	(2)
Affirmative Action	90	(1)
Current Situation	91	(1)
Economic Gains	91	(1)
The Asset Gap	92	(1)
Outlook: Guarded Optimism	92	(3)
Notes	95	(1)
Bibliography	96	(1)
Environmental Justice	97	(18)
Do poor and minority populations suffer disproportionately from exposure to toxic materials?	99	(1)
Does President Clinton's 1994 executive order provide sufficient guarantees of environmental justice?	100	(2)
Does the focus on environmental justice distract attention from bigger health problems in poor and minority communities?	102	(1)
Background	103	(1)
Plight of the Poor	103	(1)
Birth of a Movement	103	(1)
Clinton's Policies	104	(1)
Current Situation	104	(6)
Recent Cases	104	(4)
Pressure on EPA	108	(2)
Aid for ``Brownfields''	110	(1)
Outlook: Impact on Business	110	(3)
Notes	113	(1)
Bibliography	114	(1)
Income Inequality	115	(18)
Does the Income gap matter?	117	(3)
Is racism a leading cause of income disparity in the United States?	120	(1)
Should the government do more to reduce income disparity?	121	(2)
Background	123	(4)
Postwar Prosperity	123	(1)
Energy Crises	124	(3)
The Shrinking Middle	127	(1)
Current Situation	127	(3)
Clinton's Policies	127	(3)
The Strong Economy	130	(1)
Outlook: Fear of a Downturn	130	(1)
Notes	131	(1)
Bibliography	132	(1)
ETHNICITY AND IMMIGRATION
Diminishing Diversity of Language	133	(18)
Will English become a truly global language?	134	(2)
Should English become the official language of the United States?	136	(2)
Background	138	(5)
Rise of Language	138	(2)
A Violent Birth	140	(1)
Modern English	140	(3)
Current Situation	143	(5)
Erosion of Linguistic Diversity	143	(2)
Rescue Efforts	145	(1)
Anti-English Backlash	146	(2)
Outlook: New Informality?	148	(1)
Notes	149	(1)
Bibliography	150	(1)
Debate Over Immigration	151	(18)
Does the United States admit too many immigrants?	153	(1)
Should the Immigration and Naturalization Service crack down on employers who knowingly hire illegal immigrants?	154	(2)
Should the number of H-1B visas be increased?	156	(2)
Background	158	(4)
The Latest Wave	158	(3)
Family Reunification	161	(1)
Current Situation	162	(2)
Election Issue?	162	(2)
Outlook: Focus on the Economy	164	(3)
Notes	167	(1)
Bibliography	168	(1)
Hispanic-Americans' New Clout	169	(18)
Will Latino Democrats remain loyal to the Democratic Party?	171	(2)
Is bilingual education losing support in the Latino community?	173	(3)
Will encouraging Latinos to retain their language and culture hamper their ability to integrate into American society?	176	(2)
Background	178	(2)
Spanish Heritage	178	(2)
Latino Influx	180	(1)
Current Situation	180	(2)
Climbing the Ladder	180	(1)
Dropout Dilemma	181	(1)
Outlook: In or Out?	182	(2)
Notes	184	(1)
Bibliography	185	(2)
The New Immigrants	187	(20)
Are immigrants doing enough to fit into American life?	189	(2)
Should immigrants be permitted to hold dual citizenship?	191	(3)
Are Americans doing enough to ease the transition of new immigrants?	194	(1)
Background	195	(5)
A Nation of Immigrants	195	(1)
Rising Hostility	196	(1)
Fear of Foreigners	196	(4)
Ethnic Pride	200	(1)
Current Situation	200	(3)
Immigration Politics?	200	(2)
Ethnics for Democrats	202	(1)
Outlook: Weaving New Fabric	203	(1)
Notes	204	(1)
Bibliography	205	(2)
Native American's Future	207	(18)
Do Indian tribes depend too heavily on aid from the federal government?	210	(1)
Is gambling the Indians' best hope for economic development?	211	(2)
Are Indians today victims of widespread discrimination?	213	(1)
Background	214	(5)
Early Treaties	214	(3)
Indians Pushed Out	217	(1)
Self-Determination	217	(1)
Indian Gaming	218	(1)
Current Situation	219	(4)
Clinton's Policy	219	(1)
Program Cuts	220	(1)
Tribal Sovereignty	220	(3)
Outlook: Taking Control	223	(1)
Notes	223	(1)
Bibliography	224	(1)
GENDER ROLES AND VALUES
Women in Sports	225	(20)
Are colleges playing numbers games with Title IX compliance?	227	(2)
Can professional women's leagues survive?	229	(2)
Do female athletes who pose for sexy photographs diminish women's accomplishments in sports?	231	(3)
Background	234	(2)
For Men Only	234	(1)
Title IX to the Rescue	234	(1)
Storming the Barricades	235	(1)
Equalizing Resources	236	(1)
Current Situation	236	(5)
Widening Gap	236	(4)
Fewer Female Coaches	240	(1)
Outlook: Bush's Plans	241	(1)
Notes	241	(2)
Bibliography	243	(2)
Gay Rights	245	(20)
Should same-sex relationships be legally recognized?	247	(1)
Should the military's ``don't ask, don't tell'' policy be changed?	248	(1)
Are additional laws needed to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation?	249	(2)
Background	251	(3)
Birth of a Movement	251	(1)
Successes and Setbacks	251	(1)
``A Seat at the Table''	252	(2)
Current Situation	254	(4)
Debating ``Civil Unions''	254	(2)
``Disturbing'' Harassment	256	(1)
Playing Politics	257	(1)
Outlook: Marching in Washington	258	(3)
Notes	261	(2)
Bibliography	263	(2)
Boys' Emotional Needs	265	(20)
Does the U.S. education system short-change boys?	268	(4)
Do boys and girls learn in different ways?	272	(2)
Background	274	(4)
Neglect of Girls	274	(4)
Promoting Gender Equity	278	(1)
Current Situation	278	(3)
Single-Sex Schools	278	(3)
Outlook: Chaos and Confusion	281	(1)
Notes	281	(2)
Bibliography	283	(2)
Roe v. Wade	285	(20)
Will Roe v. Wade eventually be overturned?	289	(3)
Will the expanded use of nonsurgical abortion defuse the abortion controversy?	292	(2)
Would a ban on late-term abortions lead to bans on all abortions?	294	(6)
Background	300	(1)
Road to Roe v. Wade	300	(1)
Current Situation	301	(2)
Legislative Initiatives	301	(1)
State Legislation	302	(1)
Outlook: Joining Forces	303	(1)
Notes	304	(1)
Bibliography	305