Issues in Underground Storage Tank Management UST Closure and Financial Assurance

by Robinson; Janet E.

• ISBN13: 9780873714020
• ISBN10: 0873714024
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1993-02-22
• Publisher: CRC Press

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 3
Underground Storage Tank Closure
Tank Closure, Step-By-Step	p. 5
Sequence of Events	p. 7
The Law	p. 11
Laws and Regulations: Introduction	p. 13
Federal Laws	p. 15
State Regulation	p. 25
Local Regulation	p. 25
Tank Closure: Strategies and Procedures	p. 27
Introduction	p. 29
Abandonment or Removal?	p. 29
Standard Procedures and Common Practices	p. 30
Tank Disposal	p. 42
Waste Disposal	p. 45
Site Assessment	p. 53
Introduction	p. 55
Records Review	p. 56
Visual Inspection	p. 57
Sample Collection and Analysis	p. 57
Factors Affecting Sampling Results	p. 68
How Clean is Clean?	p. 70
Equipment Decontamination	p. 71
Field Screening Methods	p. 72
Contracting UST Disposal Services	p. 89
Contacting Options	p. 91
Obtaining Service	p. 92
Health and Safety	p. 99
General Guidelines	p. 101
Site Hazards	p. 101
29 CFR 1910: OSHA Health and Safety Requirements	p. 105
Underground Storage Tank Financial Responsibility
UST Financial Responsibility: A Fact of Life in the 1990s	p. 111
Introduction	p. 113
Background of UST Financial Responsibility Requirements	p. 117
Evoltition and Summary of EPA's UST Financial Responsibility Program	p. 119
Compliance Problems in the Regulated Community	p. 126
Summary	p. 134
Notes	p. 137
EPA'S UST Financial Responsibility Regulations	p. 139
Introduction	p. 141
Applicability (40 CFR 280.90)	p. 143
Compliance Dates (40 CFR 280.91)	p. 145
Definition of Terms (40 CFR 280.92)	p. 145
Amount and Scope of Acquired Financial Responsibility (40 CFR 280.93)	p. 145
Allowable Mechanisms and Combinations of Mechanisms (40 CFR 280.94 to 280.102)	p. 146
Standby Trust Fund (40 CFR 280.103)	p. 156
Substitution of Financial Assurance Mechanisms by Owner or Operator (40 CFR 280.104)	p. 156
Cancellation or Nonrenewal by a Provider of Financial Assurance (40 CFR 280.105)	p. 157
Reporting by Owner or Operator (40 CFR 280.106)	p. 157
Record Keeping (40 CFR 280.107)	p. 158
Drawing on Financial Assurance Mechanisms (40 CFR 280.108)	p. 158
Release from the Requirements (40 CFR 280.109)	p. 159
Bankruptcy or other Incapacity of Owner or Operator or Provider of Financial Assurance (40 CFR 280.110)	p. 159
Replenishment of Guarantees, Letters of Credit, or Surety Bonds (40 CFR 280.111)	p. 160
Suspension of Enforcement (40 CFR 280.112)	p. 160
Conclusion	p. 160
Appendix: Federal Regulations for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund, Release Reporting, and Corrective Action	p. 165
The Use of Insurance as a Financial Responsibility Mechanism	p. 173
Introduction	p. 175
History of Environmental Impairment Liability Insurance	p. 176
Required Features of UST Policies	p. 177
The Reluctance to Provide UST Insurance	p. 178
Relationship Between Insurance and State Programs	p. 182
What Does This Mean for Owners/Operators?	p. 183
Example of a State Reinsurance Program: Washington State	p. 185
Notes	p. 190
Appendix: Examples of UST Insurance Documentation	p. 191
The Use of State Funds as a Financial Responsibility Mechanism	p. 207
Introduction	p. 209
EPA Guidance for Approving State Funds	p. 210
Potential Problems with State Financial Assurance Funds	p. 214
Current Status of State Financial-Assurance Funds	p. 222
Conclusion	p. 229
LUST, Litigation, and the Common Law	p. 245
Introduction	p. 247
Negligence	p. 248
Nuisance	p. 252
Strict Liability	p. 253
Trespass	p. 255
Federal Common Law	p. 256
Source of Leak and Causation	p. 256
Damages	p. 257
LUST and Governmental Litigation	p. 259
Common Law Defense to LUST Cases	p. 260
Potential Plaintiff in a LUST Suit	p. 262
Potential Defendants in a LUST Suit	p. 262
What to Do When the Leak Is Discovered	p. 263
What Questions the Attorney Should Ask in a Leaking Storage Tank Case	p. 264
Guidelines in Real Estate Transactions Related to LUST Property	p. 264
Future Litigation	p. 267
Conclusion	p. 267
Notes	p. 268
Appendix A: EPA Regional UST Program Offices	p. 273
Appendix B: State UST Program Offices	p. 277
Appendix C: Industry Information Sources	p. 287
Index	p. 289
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.