Japan

by Dolan, Ronald E.; Worden, Robert L.

• ISBN13: 9780844407319
• ISBN10: 0844407313
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1992-03-01
• Publisher: United States Govt Printing Office

Summary

Understand a particular foreign country through dynamic descriptions and analyses of its historical, social, environmental, economic, governmental, political, and national security systems and institutions.

Particular attention is devoted to the people who make up the society, their origins, beliefs, interests, and their attitudes towards their social system and political order.

Each study is written by a multidisciplinary team of social scientists. This series is a recognized standard in the field.

Table of Contents

Foreword	iii
Acknowledgments	v
Preface	xv
Table A. Chronology of Major Historical Periods	xvii
Country Profile	xix
Introduction	xxvii
Historical Setting	1	(68)
Robert L. Worden
Early Developments	4	(6)
Ancient Cultures	4	(2)
Kofun Period, ca. A. D. 300-710	6	(4)
Nara And Heian Periods, A. D. 710-1185	10	(7)
Economic, Social, and Administrative Developments	10	(1)
Cultural Developments and the Establishment of Buddhism	11	(1)
The Fujiwara Regency	12	(3)
The Rise of the Military Class	15	(2)
Kamakura And Muromachi Periods, 1185-1573	17	(8)
The Bakufu and the Hojo Regency	17	(2)
The Flourishing of Buddhism	19	(1)
Mongol Invasions	20	(1)
Civil War	21	(1)
Ashikaga Bakufu	21	(1)
Economic and Cultural Developments	22	(1)
Provincial Wars and Foreign Contacts	23	(2)
Reunification, 1573-1600	25	(2)
Tokugawa Period, 1600-1867	27	(9)
Rule of Shogun and Daimyo	27	(2)
Seclusion and Social Control	29	(1)
Economic Development	30	(1)
Intellectual Trends	31	(1)
Decline of the Tokugawa	32	(4)
The Emergence Of Modern Japan, 1868-1919	36	(15)
The Meiji Restoration	36	(4)
Foreign Relations	40	(1)
Opposition to the Meiji Oligarchy	41	(1)
The Development of Representative Government	41	(4)
Modernization and Industrialization	45	(1)
Overseas Expansion	46	(2)
Political Rivalries	48	(2)
World War I	50	(1)
Between The Wars, 1920-36	51	(9)
Two-Party System	51	(2)
Diplomacy	53	(2)
The Rise of the Militarists	55	(5)
World War II And The Occupation, 1941-52	60	(1)
Toward A New Century, 1953-84	61	(8)
The Society and Its Environment	69	(60)
Susan O. Long
Physical Setting	72	(14)
Composition, Topography, and Drainage	72	(5)
Geographic Regions	77	(5)
Climate	82	(1)
Earthquakes	83	(1)
Pollution	84	(2)
Population	86	(7)
Population Density	86	(1)
Age Structure	87	(2)
Migration	89	(1)
Minorities	90	(3)
Values And Beliefs	93	(17)
Values	93	(6)
Religious and Philosophical Traditions	99	(11)
Social Organization	110	(13)
Family	111	(3)
Neighborhood	114	(1)
Workplace	115	(2)
Popular Culture	117	(1)
Gender Stratification and the Lives of Women	118	(3)
Age Stratification and the Elderly	121	(2)
Health Care And Social Welfare	123	(6)
Health Care	123	(2)
Social Welfare	125	(4)
Education and the Arts	129	(66)
Education	132	(30)
Robert L. August
Historical Background	133	(3)
Education Reform	136	(1)
Contemporary Setting	137	(4)
Preschool and Day Care	141	(1)
Primary and Secondary Education	141	(10)
After-School Education	151	(1)
Higher Education	152	(9)
Social Education	161	(1)
The Arts	162	(33)
Jane T. Griffin
Visual Arts	168	(12)
Performing Arts	180	(7)
Literature	187	(4)
Films and Television	191	(4)
The Character and Structure of the Economy	195	(58)
Daniel A. Metraux
Kellie Ann Warner
Patterns Of Development	198	(6)
Revolutionary Change	198	(6)
The Evolving Occupational Structure	204	(1)
The Role Of Government And Business	204	(5)
Industrial Policy	206	(1)
Monetary and Fiscal Policy	207	(2)
The Financial System	209	(3)
Public Corporations	212	(1)
Private Enterprise	213	(3)
The Culture Of Japanese Management	216	(2)
Employment And Labor Relations	218	(8)
Employment, Wages, and Working Conditions	219	(1)
The Structure of Japan's Labor Market	220	(3)
Aging and Retirement of the Labor Force	223	(1)
Social Insurance and Minimum Wage Systems	224	(1)
Labor Unions	225	(1)
Infrastructure And Technology	226	(5)
Construction	227	(1)
Mining	227	(1)
Energy	228	(1)
Research and Development	229	(2)
Industry	231	(5)
Basic Manufactures	232	(2)
Domestic Trade and Services	234	(2)
Transportation And Communications	236	(8)
Railroads and Subways	236	(3)
Roads	239	(1)
Maritime Transportation	240	(1)
Civil Aviation	240	(3)
Telecommunications	243	(1)
Agriculture, Forestry, And Fishing	244	(3)
Living Standards	247	(6)
International Economic Relations	253	(50)
Edward J. Lincoln
Postwar Development	256	(2)
Trade And Investment Institutions	258	(6)
The Ministry Of International Trade and Industry	258	(1)
The Japan External Trade Organization	259	(1)
Trading Companies	260	(1)
Financial Institutions	261	(1)
Foreign Aid Institutions	262	(1)
International Trade and Development Institutions	262	(2)
Foreign Trade Policies	264	(3)
Export Policies	264	(1)
Import Policies	265	(2)
Level And Commodity Composition Of Trade	267	(6)
Exports	267	(2)
Imports	269	(3)
Balance of Merchandise Trade	272	(1)
Balance Of Payments Accounts	273	(9)
Services and the Current Account	273	(2)
Capital Flows	275	(5)
The Value of the Yen	280	(2)
Trade And Investment Relations	282	(10)
United States and Canada	283	(2)
Noncommunist Asia	285	(1)
Western Europe	286	(1)
The Middle East	287	(1)
Oceania	288	(1)
Latin America	289	(1)
Africa	290	(1)
Communist Countries	290	(2)
International Economic Cooperation And Aid	292	(2)
Major International Industries	294	(9)
Motor Vehicles	294	(2)
Consumer Electronics	296	(2)
Computers	298	(1)
Semiconductors	299	(1)
Iron and Steel	300	(1)
Industries of the Future	301	(2)
The Political System	303	(64)
Donald M. Seekins
The Postwar Constitution	306	(8)
The Status of the Emperor	308	(4)
The Article 9 ``No War'' Clause	312	(1)
Rights and Duties of Citizens	313	(1)
The Structure Of Government	314	(15)
The Legislature	314	(3)
The Cabinet and Ministries	317	(1)
Local Government	318	(2)
The Electoral System	320	(4)
The Judicial System	324	(5)
Contemporary Political Values	329	(6)
Community and Leadership	330	(4)
Consensus Building	334	(1)
Interest Groups	335	(6)
Business Interests	337	(1)
Small Business	338	(1)
Agricultural Cooperatives	339	(1)
Labor Organizations	339	(1)
Professional Associations and Citizen and Consumer Movements	340	(1)
The Mass Media And Politics	341	(2)
The Liberal Democratic Party	343	(7)
Party History and Basic Principles	343	(1)
Party Structure	344	(3)
The Liberal Democratic Party in National Elections	347	(3)
Bureaucrats And The Policy-Making Process	350	(6)
The Civil Service	351	(3)
Policy-Making Dynamics	354	(2)
The Budget Process	356	(1)
The Opposition Parties	356	(7)
Japan Socialist Party	358	(2)
Komeito	360	(1)
Japan Communist Party	361	(1)
Democratic Socialist Party	362	(1)
Other Parties and Independents	362	(1)
Political Extremists	363	(4)
Foreign Relations	367	(52)
Robert G. Sutter
Major Foreign Policy Goals And Strategies	371	(7)
Early Developments	371	(4)
Postwar Developments	375	(3)
Foreign Policy Formulation	378	(6)
Institutional Framework	378	(3)
The Role of Domestic Politics	381	(3)
An Overview Of Japan's Foreign Relations	384	(30)
Relations with the United States	384	(9)
Relations with China	393	(7)
Relations with the Soviet Union	400	(6)
Relations with Other Asia-Pacific Countries	406	(6)
Relations with Other Countries	412	(2)
International Cooperation	414	(5)
United Nations	414	(1)
Other Organizaitons	415	(1)
International Banks	415	(1)
Policy after the Cold War	416	(3)
National Security	419	(58)
Ronald E. Dolan
Militarism Before 1945	422	(5)
The Bushido Code	422	(1)
The Modernization of the Military, 1868-1931	423	(1)
World War II	424	(3)
The Self-Defense Forces	427	(29)
Early Development	428	(1)
Strategic Considerations	429	(2)
Place in National Life	431	(3)
Missions	434	(1)
Organization, Training, and Equipment	435	(9)
Recruitment and Conditions of Service	444	(3)
Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia	447	(1)
Defense Spending	447	(4)
The Defense Industry	451	(3)
Military Relations with the United States	454	(2)
Public Order And Internal Security	456	(21)
The Police System	456	(9)
The Criminal Justice System	465	(2)
Crime	467	(2)
Civil Disturbances	469	(2)
Criminal Procedure	471	(2)
The Penal System	473	(4)
Appendix. Tables	477	(34)
Bibliography	511	(62)
Glossary	573	(4)
Index	577