Job Analysis : Methods, Research, and Applications for Human Resource Management in the New Millennium

by Brannick, Michael T.; Levine, Edward L.

• ISBN13: 9780803972025
• ISBN10: 0803972024
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc

Summary

Brannick and Levine provide students and professionals in management and I/O psychology with the methods and applications of job analysis. Job Analysis covers a host of activities, all directed toward discovering, understanding, and describing what people do at work. It thus forms the basis for the solution of virtually every human resource problem. The authors describe several job analysis methods and then illustrate how to apply the results to problems arising in the management of people at work.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
Who Will Benefit From This Book?	xii
Purpose	xii
A Note on Voice	xiii
Acknowledgments	xiii
Introduction	1	(24)
Overview of the Book	2	(1)
The Uses of Job Analysis	3	(4)
Definitions	7	(3)
Building Blocks of Job Analysis Methods	10	(12)
Kinds of Job Data Collected: Descriptors	10	(6)
Methods of Data Collection	16	(2)
Sources of Job Analysis Data	18	(1)
Units of Analysis	19	(3)
Summary of the Building Blocks	22	(1)
Chapter Summary	22	(3)
Work-Oriented Methods	25	(40)
Overview of the Chapter	25	(1)
Time-and-Motion Study	26	(10)
Overview	26	(1)
Time Study	27	(4)
Motion Study	31	(4)
Criticism of Time-and-Motion Study	35	(1)
Functional Job Analysis	36	(15)
Overview	36	(2)
A Fundamental Distinction of FJA: What Gets Done Versus What the Worker Does	38	(1)
Worker Functions	39	(4)
Job Analysis Procedure	43	(1)
Describing the Work	44	(2)
Sentence Structure and Analysis	46	(1)
Other Characteristics of the DOL FJA	47	(2)
Comparison of the DOL FJA and Fine's FJA	49	(1)
Research on FJA	50	(1)
Task Inventories	51	(9)
Description	51	(1)
History	51	(1)
Survey Design	52	(6)
Data Analysis	58	(2)
Critical Incident Technique	60	(3)
Overview	60	(2)
Research on the Critical Incident Technique	62	(1)
Chapter Summary	63	(2)
Worker-Oriented Methods	65	(34)
Overview of the Chapter	65	(2)
Job Element Method	67	(11)
Content of Elements	68	(1)
Gathering Information for JEM	68	(1)
Rating Scales	69	(2)
Derived Scales	71	(3)
Assigning Elements to Categories	74	(1)
Research on JEM: The J-Coefficient	75	(2)
Remarks on JEM	77	(1)
Position Analysis Questionnaire	78	(7)
Development and Structure of the PAQ	78	(4)
PAQ Results	82	(1)
Uses of the PAQ	82	(1)
Reliability and Validity	82	(1)
Research on the PAQ: Common Knowledge Effects	83	(2)
Remarks on the PAQ	85	(1)
Other Trait-Based Worker-Oriented Measures	85	(5)
Threshold Traits Analysis System	86	(1)
Ability Requirements Scales	86	(1)
Occupational Reinforcer Pattern	87	(1)
Methods With Substantial Attention to Equipment	88	(2)
Cognitive Task Analysis	90	(7)
Types of Knowledge and Skill	91	(2)
Cognitive Task Analysis Methods	93	(1)
A Simple Example	94	(2)
Reliability and Validity	96	(1)
Remarks on Cognitive Task Analysis	96	(1)
Chapter Summary	97	(2)
Hybrid Methods	99	(34)
Overview of the Chapter	99	(1)
Combination Job Analysis Method	99	(15)
Task Statements	100	(1)
The Task Generation Meeting	101	(3)
The Task Rating Meeting	104	(1)
Analysis of Task Importance	105	(1)
Employee Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics	106	(1)
The KSAO Group Meeting	107	(3)
Analysis of KSAOs	110	(1)
Using the Results	110	(3)
Research and Applications of C-JAM	113	(1)
Summary of C-JAM	114	(1)
Multimethod Job Design Questionnaire	114	(8)
Overview	114	(4)
MJDQ Development and Structure	118	(2)
MJDQ Research	120	(2)
Summary of the MJDQ	122	(1)
Occupational Information Network	122	(10)
Impetus for O*NET	122	(1)
The O*NET Content Model	123	(7)
O*NET Research and Development	130	(2)
Chapter Summary	132	(1)
Management and Teams	133	(32)
Overview of the Chapter	133	(1)
Management	134	(10)
Development and Structure of the Management Position Description Questionnaire	135	(3)
Research and Applications of the MPDQ	138	(5)
Summary of the MPDQ	143	(1)
Job Analysis for Teams	144	(17)
Job Design for Teams	146	(3)
Team Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities	149	(3)
Team Functions	152	(1)
The Multiphase Analysis of Performance System	153	(8)
Chapter Summary	161	(4)
Summary of the MPDQ	161	(1)
Teams	162	(3)
Job Analysis and the Law	165	(22)
Overview of the Chapter	165	(1)
Federal Legislation	166	(5)
Civil Rights Acts	167	(1)
Age Discrimination in Employment Act	168	(1)
Americans With Disabilities Act	169	(1)
Rehabilitation Act	170	(1)
Equal Pay Act	170	(1)
The Constitution	170	(1)
Enforcement of Equal Employment Opportunity Laws	171	(1)
Executive Orders	171	(1)
Professional Standards	172	(1)
Prescriptions for Job Analysis	173	(12)
Selection	173	(10)
Pay	183	(1)
Disability and Job Design	183	(2)
Chapter Summary	185	(2)
Job Description, Performance Appraisal, Job Evaluation, and Job Design	187	(40)
Overview of the Chapter	187	(1)
Job Description	188	(9)
Overview	188	(1)
Structure of the Job Description	189	(6)
Issues in Job Description	195	(1)
Key Considerations	196	(1)
Performance Appraisal	197	(10)
Overview	197	(1)
Rating Formats	198	(4)
Comparison of Formats	202	(2)
Key Considerations	204	(3)
Job Evaluation for Compensation	207	(10)
Overview	207	(1)
Equity	208	(1)
Job Evaluation Methods	209	(7)
Key Considerations	216	(1)
Research on Job Evaluation	216	(1)
Job Design/Redesign	217	(6)
Overview	217	(1)
Goals of Job Design/Redesign	218	(1)
Design Decisions	219	(3)
Key Considerations	222	(1)
Chapter Summary	223	(4)
Job Description	224	(1)
Performance Appraisal	224	(1)
Job Evaluation for Compensation	225	(1)
Job Design/Redesign	225	(2)
Staffing and Training	227	(38)
Overview of the Chapter	227	(1)
Staffing	227	(23)
Overview	227	(1)
Statement of the Main Problem in Staffing	228	(2)
Recruitment	230	(2)
Selection	232	(1)
Test Validation	233	(8)
Key Considerations	241	(3)
Research on Judging KSAOs for Validation	244	(6)
Training	250	(13)
Overview	250	(2)
The Training Cycle	252	(7)
Key Considerations	259	(4)
Chapter Summary	263	(2)
Staffing	263	(1)
Training	264	(1)
Doing a Job Analysis Study	265	(30)
Overview of the Chapter	265	(1)
Matching Purpose and Job Analysis Attributes	266	(1)
Purposes	266	(1)
Attributes	267	(1)
Selecting Approaches	267	(8)
Job Classification	268	(2)
Worker Mobility	270	(1)
Efficiency/Safety	270	(1)
Workforce Planning	271	(1)
Legal/Quasi-Legal Requirements	271	(1)
Practical Considerations	272	(3)
Observations and Interviews	275	(4)
Preparing for the Observation/Interview	276	(1)
Making Contact	277	(1)
Conducting the Observation/Interview	278	(1)
Questionnaires	279	(3)
Planning and Preparing	279	(2)
Collecting Data	281	(1)
Analyzing Data	282	(11)
Reporting Study Results	283	(1)
Assessing Reliability	284	(6)
Validity	290	(3)
Chapter Summary	293	(2)
The Future of Job Analysis	295	(32)
Overview of the Chapter	295	(1)
Changing Conditions	295	(9)
Changes in Society	295	(2)
Changes in Technology	297	(3)
Changes in the Business Environment	300	(4)
Implications for Jobs and Job Analysis	304	(19)
Descriptors	305	(10)
Sources of Information	315	(3)
Methods of Collecting Data	318	(3)
Units of Analysis	321	(1)
Dissemination, Storage, and Retrieval	322	(1)
Chapter Summary	323	(2)
A Final Note	325	(2)
Glossary	327	(6)
References	333	(14)
Index	347	(6)
About the Authors	353