John Maynard Keynes and International Relations Economic Paths to War and Peace

by Markwell, Donald John

• ISBN13: 9780198292364
• ISBN10: 0198292368
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-12-28
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Sixty years after his death, the life and thought of the economist, John Maynard Keynes, continues to be a subject of the greatest interest to scholars. Yet one of the most significant areas of Keynes' thinking has been strangely overlooked - international relations, a subject that was alwaysof central importance to him. The purpose of this book is to explore comprehensively, for the first time, the evolution of Keynes' thinking on international relations , and to show how this is linked to the changing of his opinions on economic matters, in a way which deepens our understanding ofboth.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	ix
Abbreviations	xiii
Chronology	xv
Chapter 1 Introduction	1
Chapter 2 Keynes as a Classical Liberal	6
2.1 'Brought up' a free trader: 'the spirit of Burke and Adam Smith'	7
2.2 The Empire	19
2.3 Population pressure, and the spirit of Malthus	25
2.4 First World War	27
2.5 Conscientious objection	30
2.6 War finance during the First World War	33
2.7 Reparations, 1916-18	38
2.8 Conclusion	53
Chapter 3 The Paris Peace Conference and the Need for International Action	54
3.1 Feeding Germany and Austria	55
3.2 War debts, and European rehabilitation	65
3.3 Reparations	75
3.4 Conclusion	89
Chapter 4 Appeals Unanswered: From Amsterdam to Lausanne	90
4.1 A world unrestored: Amsterdam and the memorial	91
4.2 The Economic Consequences of the Peace	101
4.3 Criticisms of The Economic Consequences	112
4.4 The impact of The Economic Consequences in the USA	116
4.5 From The Economic Consequences to A Revision of the Treaty	123
4.6 Reparations and reconstruction, 1922-33	133
4.7 Conclusion	138
Chapter 5 Towards the Middle Way in Theory: The Inter-war Evolution of Keynes's Thought	140
5.1 International monetary relations and investment abroad	141
5.2 International trade	152
5.3 Population pressure and 'the Rehabilitation of Malthus'	165
5.4 Economic threats to domestic order	169
5.5 Between Laissez-Faire and Marxism	173
5.6 Capitalism and war: The General Theory and mature liberal institutionalism	178
5.7 Keynes as an inter-war idealist	190
5.8 Conclusion	208
Chapter 6 Anglo-American Cooperation for Internationalism: Keynes's Second World War Vision for a Post-war World	210
6.1 Background	211
6.2 Internal war finance: American reactions to Keynes's ideas	215
6.3 External finance: Lend-Lease, 'consideration, and the US loan	219
6.4 International monetary relations: the Clearing Union, Bretton Woods, Savannah	233
6.5 Post-war commercial policy	247
6.6 The post-war treatment of Germany	250
6.7 Keynes's vision: 'the spirit of Burke and Adam Smith' revisited	253
6.8 Conclusion and epilogue	265
Chapter 7 Conclusion	268
Select Bibliography	271
Index	285