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List of Illustrations | p. x |
Foreword | p. xi |
Preface | p. xiii |
Introduction and Background | |
The Debate about "Orientalism" | p. 3 |
The West's Encounter with the East since Antiquity | |
What do we mean by "Orientalism"? | |
Edward Said and the Critics of Orientalism | |
Alternative Perspectives | |
The Traditionalist Outlook | |
Ex Oriente Lux: the 19th Century Background | p. 20 |
Romanticism and the Orient | |
The American Transcendentalists | |
Modernism and Cultural Crisis | |
The 1893 World's Parliament of Religions | |
Western Engagements with Eastern Traditions | |
Five Bridge-Builders between West and East | p. 37 |
Sister Nivedita | |
Rudolf Otto | |
Giuseppe Tucci | |
Gary Snyder | |
Huston Smith | |
Theosophy and Western Seekers in the Sub-continent, 1900-1950 | p. 63 |
Theosophy and the "White Buddhists" | |
Annie Besant and Krishnamurti | |
A Miscellany of Early Western "Converts" to Hinduism | |
Fictional Passages to India | |
Californian Proselytes and the Appeal of Vedanta | |
A Note on Ramakrishna and Vivekananda | |
Theravadin Buddhism and White Buddhists in Ochre Robes | |
Christmas Humphreys | |
Eranos and the Comparative Mythographers | p. 95 |
Myth and Depth Psychology | |
Carl Jung and the East | |
Eranos | |
Heinrich Zimmer | |
Joseph Campbell | |
Mircea Eliade | |
Reflections on Jung and Eliade | |
The Western Quest for "Secret Tibet" | p. 125 |
Pathfinders and Mythologizers | |
Desideri, de Koros, Waddell, Taylor | |
In Search of "Secret Tibet" | |
Madame Blavatsky | |
Alexandra David-Neel | |
W.Y. Evans-Wentz | |
Heinrich Harrer | |
Marco Pallis | |
Anagarika Govinda | |
Tibet and the West in the Contemporary Era | |
Later Travelers and Seekers in Tibet | |
Counterfeit Tibetan Esotericism: the Lobsang Rampa Case | |
Tibet, Western Esotericism and New Age Orientalism | |
The "Floating Worlds" of China and Japan | p. 155 |
China | |
European Perceptions | |
Arthur Waley | |
Richard Wilhelm and Carl Jung | |
John Blofeld | |
Rene Guenon | |
Joseph Needham | |
Japan | |
Ernest Fennellosa and the Late 19th Century | |
D. T. Suzuki and Western Zen in the Inter-war Years | |
Europeans in Japan | |
A Note on Shin and Other Japanese Traditions | |
Traditionalism and the Sophia Perennis | p. 183 |
Introduction | |
Rene Guenon, Tradition and Oriental Metaphysics | |
Ananda Coomaraswamy, Scholar and Dharma-Warrior | |
Frithjof Schuon and the Religio Perennis in East and West | |
Other Traditionalists | |
Christian Missionaries, Monks and Mystics in India | p. 215 |
Christian Missionaries and Monks in India | |
Jules Monchanin | |
Henri le Saux | |
Bede Griffiths | |
A Note on the Christian Ashram Movement | |
Thomas Merton and Eastern Spirituality | |
Jottings on other Christian Missionaries | |
A Closing Reflection on Monasticism | |
Dharma Bums: Beats, Hippies and the Counter-culture | p. 245 |
The Beats and Hippies Turn East | |
Jack Kerouac | |
The San Francisco Be-In and the "Armies of the Night" | |
To a Buddhist Beat | |
Allen Ginsberg on Politics, Poetics and Spirituality | |
Politics, Poetics and the Encounter with Eastern Spirituality | |
"Pop Gurus," "New Consciousness" and Drugs | |
Ram Dass | |
Alan Watts | |
"New Consciousness," New Universalism? | |
A Note on Drugs, Mysticism and Spirituality | |
Closing Reflections | |
Eastern Teachings, Western Teachers, 1950-2000 | p. 270 |
Hinduism/Vedanta in the West | |
The Ramakrishna Movement | |
Yogananda and the SRF | |
ISKON | |
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and TM | |
Ananda Marg | |
Western Gurus with Hindu Affiliations | |
Reflections on Hinduism in the West | |
Theravada Buddhism | |
Sangharakshita and the FWBO | |
The Forest Tradition | |
Western Vipassana Teachers | |
Tibetan Buddhism | |
The Diaspora and American Vajrayana | |
Western Vajrayana Teachers | |
Zen in the West in the Post-War Period | |
Japanese Masters | |
Western Teachers | |
Scholar-Adepts | |
A Note on Some Key Issues for Western Teachers and Practitioners | |
Eastern Influences on Western Thought | |
The Not-So-Close Encounters of Western Psychology and Eastern Spirituality | p. 307 |
Religion and Psychology | |
The Goldstein-Kornfield Disagreement | |
Western Psychology and Religion | |
A Traditionalist Perspective on Psychologism | |
The Traditionalist Critique of Jung | |
Eastern Spirituality and Western Psychology | |
Erich Fromm and Zen | |
Existentialism, Herman Hesse, Hubert Benoit | |
Hans Jacobs on Western Psychotherapy and Hindu Sadhana | |
Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology: Ken Wilber and others | |
Mystical Experience, Meditation and Biofeedback | |
The Lessons of the East | |
Eastern Currents in Western Philosophy and Science | p. 335 |
Conditions for a Meaningful Comparative Philosophy | |
S.H. Nasr | |
The Traditionalist Perspective on Metaphysics and Philosophy | |
Existentialism and the East | |
Nietzsche | |
Heidegger | |
Buber | |
Tillich | |
The Bankruptcy of Modern Science | |
Eastern Influences on New Scientific Paradigms | |
Orientalism, Ideology and Engagement | p. 364 |
Orientalism, Fascism and the "Mystic East" | |
Zen and Japanese Nationalism and Militarism | |
Orientalism, Racial Theory and the Allure of Fascism | |
Gandhi's Legacy | |
Thich Nhat Hanh and Engaged Buddhism | |
The Meeting of Buddhism and Feminism | |
Notes on Inter-religious Re-visionings | |
"The Translucence of the Eternal": Towards a Cross-cultural Religious Understanding of the Natural Order | p. 393 |
Traditional Cosmogonies and Cosmological Principles | |
Maya and the Putative "World-Denial" of the East | |
The Sacred and Profane, and the Human Situation | |
The Symbolism of Natural Forms and the Cosmological Sciences | |
Beauty: Divine Rays | |
The Western Desacralization of Nature | |
Dialogue, Pluralism and the Inner Unity of Religions | p. 420 |
The Collision of Religions in the Contemporary World | |
The Western Pursuit of Inter-religious Understanding | |
Religious Dialogue and Spiritual Practice | |
The Case of Christian Zen | |
Jesuits in Japan | |
The Traditionalist Perspective on the Formal Diversity and Inner Unity of Religions | |
Religion, Revelation and Orthodoxy | |
The Exoteric and Esoteric Domains | |
The Limits of Religious Exclusivism | |
A Note on the Exposure of Esoteric Doctrines | |
Traditionalism, Interfaith Encounters and Comparative Religion | |
A Checklist of Eastern Teachers in the West | p. 450 |
Sources | p. 455 |
Acknowledgments | p. 490 |
Biographical Notes | p. 491 |
Index of Persons | p. 492 |
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