Juvenile Delinquency

by Bartollas, Clemens F.

• ISBN13: 9780205442041
• ISBN10: 0205442048
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Juvenile Delinquency provides a comprehensive, cutting-edge overview of all aspects of juvenile delinquency with a sociological focus. As Simon Dinitz, Ohio State University, says ";Clemens Bartollas is genuinely interested in delinquents and in all those who work with and have contact with delinquents. This book reflects Professor Bartollas' abiding intellectual and emotional commitment to understanding and reducing delinquency, as well as ameliorating the personal and social ills that generate the massive delinquency problems not only in the United States but also in nearly all modern industrial nations."; Every edition is thoroughly updated to reflect current research. Some exciting new updates in this edition: bull; bull;A new emphasis on the importance of human agency, or the interpretation and meaning that delinquents themselves bring to their social worldnot; - as hot area within juvenile delinquency research. bull;Coverage of delinquency across the life course, one of the most promising and exciting perspectives in studying delinquency today, can be found in each chapter. bull;Increased focus on race and delinquency, especially in Chapters 7 and 10, allows for an examination of how racial factors affect the definition, handling, and processing of juvenile delinquents. bull;An updated Chapter 10, "Gang Delinquency" provides more explanation of female gangs. bull;Increased coverage of international juvenile justice in Chapters 14 and 15.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xxi
Preface	xxiii
PART ONE The Nature and Extent of Delinquency	1	(70)
Adolescence and Delinquency	2	(30)
How the Treatment of Adolescents has Changed in the United States	5	(1)
Youth at Risk Today	6	(5)
Social Policy 1.1 Risks of Living in American Society	7	(1)
High-Risk Behaviors	7	(4)
How the Juvenile Court Codes Affect the Definitions of Delinquent Behavior	11	(1)
Juvenile Law 1.2 Various Definitions of Delinquency in Juvenile Codes	12	(1)
What is a Status Offense?	12	(4)
Explanations for Status Offense Behavior	12	(2)
Offense Behavior of Status Offenders and Delinquents	14	(1)
Social Control and the Status Offender	15	(1)
How Juvenile Delinquents Have Been Handled in the United States	16	(7)
The Colonial Period (1636--1823)	17	(1)
The Houses of Refuge Period (1824--1898)	17	(1)
The Juvenile Court Period (1899--1966)	17	(1)
The Juvenile Rights Period (1967--1975)	18	(1)
The Reform Agenda of the Late 1970s	19	(1)
Social Control and Juvenile Crime in the 1980s	19	(2)
Contemporary Delinquency and U.S. Society	21	(2)
The Themes Used to Examine the Study of Delinquency	23	(4)
Focus on Social Context	23	(1)
Human Agency	24	(1)
Delinquency across the Life Course	25	(1)
Policy-Oriented Analysis	26	(1)
Summary	27	(1)
Key Terms	28	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	28	(1)
Web Destinations	28	(1)
Notes	28	(4)
The Measurement and Nature of Delinquency	32	(39)
The Contributions Made by Uniform Crime Reports to the Understanding of Delinquency	34	(5)
Crime by Age Groups	35	(2)
Youth Crime Trends	37	(2)
Social Policy 2.1 Guns, Juveniles, and the Life Course	39	(1)
Juvenile Court Statistics	39	(2)
The Contributions Made by Cohort Studies	41	(2)
How Self-Report and Official Statistics Compare	43	(4)
Reliability and Validity of Self-Report Studies	43	(1)
Findings of Self-Report Studies	44	(1)
Youth Crime Trends	45	(1)
Theory and Research 2.2 Highlights from Denver, Pittsburgh, and Rochester Youth Surveys	46	(1)
The Contributions Made by Victimization Surveys	47	(2)
The Most Important Social Factors Related to Delinquency	49	(4)
Gender and Delinquent Behavior	49	(1)
Racial/Ethnic Background and Delinquent Behavior	50	(1)
Social Class and Delinquent Behavior	51	(2)
The Dimensions of Delinquent Behavior	53	(5)
Age of Onset	53	(1)
Escalation of Offenses	54	(2)
Specialization of Offenses	56	(1)
Chronic Offending	57	(1)
Delinquency Through the Life Course	58	(4)
Desistance from Crime	60	(2)
Summary	62	(3)
Theory and Research 2.3 Interview with John H. Laub	63	(2)
Key Terms	65	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	65	(1)
Web Destinations	66	(1)
Notes	66	(5)
PART TWO The Causes of Delinquency	71	(122)
Theories of Individual Causes of Delinquency	72	(32)
The Contribution of the Classical School to the Understanding of Delinquency	75	(1)
The Insights Positivism Offers to the Understanding of Delinquency	76	(17)
Theory and Research 3.1 The Classical School and the Moderation of Punishment	77	(1)
Development of Positivism	77	(1)
Early Theories of Biological Positivism	78	(1)
Theory and Research 3.2 Willie Bosket and His Family	79	(1)
Sociobiology, or Contemporary Biological Positivism	80	(4)
Theory and Research 3.3 Interview with Terrie E. Moffitt	84	(4)
Psychological Positivism	88	(5)
Contemporary Approaches to the Rationality of Crime	93	(4)
Rational Choice Theory	93	(1)
Is Delinquency Rational Behavior?	94	(1)
Theory and Research 3.4 Interview with Ernest van den Haag	95	(2)
Summary	97	(1)
Theory and Research 3.5 Relationship between Rational Choice Theory and Human Agency in Juvenile Offending	98	(1)
Key Terms	98	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	99	(1)
Web Destinations	99	(1)
Notes	99	(5)
Theories of Social Structural Causes of Delinquency	104	(30)
Social Disorganization Theory	106	(7)
Theory and Research 4.1 Elijah Anderson and the Code of the Street	107	(1)
Shaw and McKay	107	(3)
Theory and Research 4.2 The Ecological Foundations of Delinquency	110	(3)
How Cultural Deviance Theory is Related to Delinquency	113	(2)
Miller's Lower-Class Culture and Delinquent Values	113	(2)
How Strain Affects Delinquent Behavior	115	(9)
Merton's Theory of Anomie	115	(3)
Strain Theory and the Individual Level of Analysis	118	(1)
Cohen's Theory of Delinquent Subcultures	119	(2)
Theory and Research 4.3 Interview with Albert K. Cohen	121	(1)
Cloward and Ohlin's Opportunity Theory	122	(2)
The Relationship Between Social Stratification and Delinquency	124	(2)
Structural Explanations of Delinquency Across the Life Course	126	(2)
Consequences of Reduced Social Capital	126	(1)
Impact of Disorganized Communities	126	(1)
Relationship between Agency and Structure	127	(1)
Summary	128	(1)
Key Terms	129	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	129	(1)
Web Destinations	129	(1)
Notes	129	(5)
Social Process Theories of Delinquency	134	(32)
Differential Association Theory	136	(5)
Propositions of Differential Association	136	(1)
Theory and Research 5.1 Background of Edwin H. Sutherland	137	(1)
Evaluation of Differential Association Theory	138	(1)
Theory and Research 5.2 Interview with Donald R. Cressey	139	(2)
How Drift Theory is Related to Delinquency	141	(4)
Evaluation of Drift Theory	143	(1)
Theory and Research 5.3 Interview with David Matza	144	(1)
The Relationship Between Social Control and Delinquent Behavior	145	(6)
Containment Theory	145	(2)
Social Control or Bonding Theory	147	(2)
Evaluation of Social Control Theory	149	(1)
Theory and Research 5.4 Interview with Travis Hirschi	150	(1)
How Integrated Theory Explains Delinquency	151	(7)
Issues and Concerns of Integrated Theory	152	(1)
Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime	152	(2)
Elliott and Colleagues' Integrated Social Process Theory	154	(1)
Thornberry's Interactional Theory	155	(1)
Hawkins and Weis's Social Development Model	156	(2)
Social Process and Delinquency Across the Life Course	158	(2)
Lack of Competence in Adolescence	158	(1)
Cumulative Disadvantage	159	(1)
Turning Point	159	(1)
Summary	160	(1)
Key Terms	160	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	160	(1)
Web Destinations	161	(1)
Notes	161	(5)
Social Reaction Theories of Delinquency	166	(27)
How Labeling Theory Explains Delinquency	168	(5)
Frank Tannenbaum: The Dramatization of Evil	169	(1)
Edwin Lemert: Primary and Secondary Deviation	170	(1)
Howard Becker and the Deviant Career	170	(1)
The Juvenile Justice Process and Labeling	171	(1)
New Developments in the Effects of Labeling	171	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 6.1 ``Kansas Charley''	172	(1)
Evaluation of Labeling Theory	173	(1)
The Contributions of Symbolic Interactionist Theory to the Understanding of Delinquency	173	(3)
Role-Taking and Delinquency	174	(2)
Evaluation of Symbolic Interactionist Theory and Delinquency	176	(1)
How Conflict Theory Explains Crime and Delinquency	176	(11)
Theory and Research 6.2 Interview with Karen Heimer	177	(1)
Dimensions of Conflict Criminology	178	(2)
Theory and Research 6.3 Interview with Richard Quinney	180	(3)
Marxist Criminology and Explanations of Delinquent Behavior	183	(1)
Theory and Research 6.4 Variations in Marxist Criminology	184	(3)
A Structural and Integrated Marxist Theory of Delinquency	187	(1)
Evaluation of Conflict Theory	187	(1)
Summary	187	(1)
Key Terms	188	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	188	(1)
Web Destinations	188	(1)
Notes	188	(5)
PART THREE Environmental Influences on Delinquency	193	(172)
Gender and Delinquency	194	(31)
Theory and Research 7.1 Historical Context of Class--Race--Gender Analysis	197	(1)
How is Gender Important in an Understanding of Delinquency?	198	(2)
Explanations of Female Delinquency	200	(9)
Biological and Constitutional Explanations	200	(1)
Psychological Explanations	201	(2)
Sociological Explanations	203	(6)
Evaluating the Explanations of Female Delinquency	209	(1)
How Feminist Theories Can Be Applied to an Understanding of Crime	209	(2)
Liberal Feminism	209	(1)
Phenomenological Feminism	209	(1)
Socialist Feminism	210	(1)
Marxist Feminism	210	(1)
Radical Feminism	211	(1)
A Feminist Theory of Delinquency	211	(2)
Theory and Research 7.2 Interview with Meda Chesney-Lind	212	(1)
How Gender Bias Affects the Processing of the Female Delinquent	213	(4)
Gender Relations	213	(2)
Influence of Class	215	(1)
Racial Discrimination	216	(1)
The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts	216	(1)
Gender Across the Life Course	217	(2)
Theory and Research 7.3 Gender Differences in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study	218	(1)
Summary	219	(1)
Key Terms	220	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	220	(1)
Web Destinations	220	(1)
Notes	220	(5)
The Family and Delinquency	225	(37)
How Adolescence and Family Problems Affect Delinquent Behavior	227	(3)
Theory and Research 8.1 Interview with Richard J. Gelles	229	(1)
The Relationship Between the Family and Delinquency	230	(5)
The Broken Home	230	(1)
Birth Order	231	(1)
Family Size	232	(1)
Delinquent Siblings or Criminal Parents	232	(1)
Quality of Home Life	233	(1)
Family Rejection	233	(1)
Discipline in the Home	233	(1)
Evaluation of Family Factors and Delinquency	234	(1)
Child Abuse and Neglect	235	(16)
Extent and Nature of Child Abuse and Neglect	237	(1)
Social Policy 8.2 Children Who Are at Greater Risk for Being Identified as Victims	238	(8)
Social Policy 8.3 Explanations for the Decline in Child Sexual Abuse Cases	246	(1)
Relationship of Child Abuse and Neglect to Delinquency and Status Offenses	247	(3)
Theory and Research 8.4 Why Kids Kill Their Parents	250	(1)
Family Relations and the Life Course	251	(1)
How Child Abuse is Handled by the Child Welfare and the Juvenile Justice System	251	(3)
Summary	254	(1)
Key Terms	255	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	255	(1)
Web Destinations	255	(1)
Notes	256	(6)
The School and Delinquency	262	(33)
Social World of the Delinquent 9.1 ``Scars on Their Souls,''	265	(1)
Chris Geschke
How Education Has Evolved in the United States	266	(1)
What Constitutes Crime in the Schools	267	(5)
Vandalism and Violence	267	(4)
Social Policy 9.2 Findings of Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2002	271	(1)
Is There a Correlation Between Delinquency and School Failure?	272	(6)
Achievement in School	272	(2)
Social Status	274	(1)
Social Policy 9.3 Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity	275	(1)
The School Dropout	276	(2)
Some of the Theoretical Perspectives on School and Delinquency	278	(1)
The Rights of Students	279	(3)
Procedural Due Process	280	(1)
Freedom of Expression	280	(1)
Hair and Dress Codes	280	(1)
School Searches	281	(1)
Safety	281	(1)
How Promising Partnerships Between the School and the Justice System Have Changed	282	(2)
Social Policy 9.4 Specialized Treatment and Rehabilitation (STAR)	283	(1)
The Most Promising Intervention Strategies in the School Setting	284	(5)
Improving the Quality of the School Experience	284	(1)
Utilizing Alternative Schools for Disruptive Students	284	(2)
Developing More Positive School--Community Relationships	286	(1)
Designing Effective School-Based Violence Prevention Programs	287	(1)
Improving Transitions from Correctional Contexts to School Settings	288	(1)
Social Policy 9.5 When a Delinquent Offender Returns to School	289	(1)
Summary	289	(1)
Key Terms	290	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	290	(1)
Web Destinations	290	(1)
Notes	290	(5)
Gangs and Delinquency	295	(42)
How Peer Groups and Gangs Are Related	297	(3)
Peer Groups and Delinquent Behavior	297	(2)
Different Types of Peer Groups	299	(1)
How Gangs Have Evolved in the United States	300	(5)
Gangs and Play Activity: The 1920s through the 1940s	300	(1)
West Side Story Era: The 1950s	301	(1)
Development of the Modern Gang: The 1960s	301	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 10.1 The Origins of the Gangster Disciples	302	(1)
Expansion, Violence, and Criminal Operations: The 1970s, the 1980s, and the Present	303	(2)
The Nature and Extent of Gang Activity	305	(22)
Definitions of Gangs	306	(1)
Profile of Gang Members	306	(3)
Gangs in School	309	(2)
Urban Street Gangs	311	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 10.2 Dress and Gang Members	312	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 10.3 Jeff Fort and the Rise of the Blackstone Rangers	313	(5)
Emerging Gangs in Smaller Cities and Communities	318	(3)
What Would You Say? 10.4 Presentation to Gang Youth	321	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Gangs	321	(2)
Female Delinquent Gangs	323	(4)
The Theories of Gang Formation	327	(2)
Gangs across the Life Course	328	(1)
How Communities Can Prevent and Control Youth Gangs	329	(1)
Summary	330	(1)
Key Terms	331	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	331	(1)
Web Destinations	331	(1)
Notes	332	(5)
Drugs and Delinquency	337	(28)
How Social Attitudes are Related to Drug Use	339	(2)
Social World of the Delinquent 11.1 Becoming a Dope Fiend	340	(1)
The Prevalence and Incidence of Drug Use Among Adolescents	341	(2)
Social World of the Delinquent 11.2 ``Cocaine Is Just Evil, in Every Way''	343	(1)
The Main Types of Drugs	343	(7)
Alcohol and Tobacco	344	(1)
Marijuana	344	(1)
Cocaine	344	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 11.3 The Rush and the High	345	(1)
Methamphetamine	346	(1)
Inhalants	346	(1)
Sedatives	346	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 11.4 A Risky Process	347	(1)
Amphetamines	348	(1)
Hallucinogens	349	(1)
Theory and Research 11.5 Club Drugs	349	(1)
Heroin	350	(1)
The Relationship Between Drug Use and Delinquency	350	(3)
Is There a Correlation Between Chronic Offending and Drug Use?	353	(4)
Drug-Trafficking Juveniles	353	(1)
Drug Use across the Life Course	354	(2)
Across the Life Course 11.6 Overcoming Chemical Dependency	356	(1)
Some of the Theoretical Explanations for the Onset of Drug Use	357	(1)
How Drug Use Can Be Prevented and Treated	357	(3)
Prevention	358	(1)
Treatment Intervention	359	(1)
Summary	360	(1)
Key Terms	360	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	361	(1)
Web Destinations	361	(1)
Notes	361	(4)
PART FOUR Preventing Juvenile Crime	365	(30)
Prevention, Diversion, and Treatment	366	(29)
Delinquency Prevention	368	(12)
Social World of the Delinquent 12.1 The Derrick Thomas Story	369	(1)
A History of Well-Meant Interventions	369	(2)
Treatment and Intervention 12.2 The Chicago Area Projects	371	(1)
Comprehensive Strategy for Delinquency Prevention	372	(1)
Promising Prevention Programs	372	(1)
Theory and Research 12.3 Strategies of Delinquency Prevention	373	(4)
Common Components of the Programs That Work	377	(1)
The Violent Juvenile and Comprehensive Delinquency Prevention	378	(2)
How Diversion Works	380	(4)
Traditional Forms of Diversion	380	(1)
New Forms of Diversion	381	(3)
The Treatment Debate	384	(1)
Theory and Research 12.4 Meta-Analyses of Correctional Treatment	385	(1)
The Most Frequently Used Treatment Modalities	385	(5)
Psychotherapy	385	(1)
Transactional Analysis	386	(1)
Reality Therapy	386	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 12.5 A TA Success Story	387	(1)
Behavior Modification	387	(1)
Guided Group Interaction	388	(1)
Positive Peer Culture	388	(1)
Rational Emotive Therapy	389	(1)
Drug and Alcohol Abuse Interventions	389	(1)
What Works for Whom and In What Context	390	(1)
Summary	390	(1)
Key Terms	391	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	391	(1)
Web Destinations	391	(1)
Notes	392	(3)
PART FIVE Social Control of Delinquency	395	(141)
An Overview of the Juvenile Justice Process	396	(26)
Juvenile Law 13.1 Interview with Marty Beyer	399	(1)
How the Structures and Functions of the Juvenile Justice System Work	400	(6)
Structures and Functions	400	(1)
Stages in the Juvenile Justice Process	401	(2)
Recidivism in the Juvenile Justice System	403	(1)
Social World of the Delinquent 13.2 The Progression toward a Criminal Career	404	(1)
Fragmentation of the Juvenile Justice System	405	(1)
Comparison of the Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems	406	(1)
The Relationship Between Treatment and Punishment in the Juvenile Justice System	406	(5)
Theory and Research 13.3 Similarities and Differences between the Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems	407	(1)
Traditional Models in Juvenile Justice	407	(2)
Social Policy 13.4 Restorative Philosophy	409	(1)
Comparison of the Four Models	409	(1)
Emerging Approach to Handling Youthful Offenders	410	(1)
How the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 Has Affected Juvenile Corrections	411	(5)
Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders	412	(1)
International Context 13.5 A Cross-National Study of the Effects of Juvenile Justice Processing in Denver, Colorado, and Bremen, Germany	413	(1)
Removal of Juveniles from Jails and Lockups	413	(1)
Focusing Attention on Disproportionate Minority Confinement	414	(2)
Social Policy 13.6 The Politics of Race and Juvenile Justice	416	(1)
Do Graduated Sanctions Represent A New Day in Juvenile Justice?	416	(1)
Core Principles of a System of Graduated Sanctions	417	(1)
Trends for the Twenty-First Century	417	(2)
Summary	419	(1)
Key Terms	419	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	419	(1)
Web Destinations	419	(1)
Notes	420	(2)
The Police and the Juvenile	422	(30)
The History of Police--Juvenile Relations	424	(3)
Contemporary Developments in Police--Juvenile Relations	425	(1)
Treatment and Intervention 14.1 Police Athletic League (PAL)	426	(1)
Juveniles' Attitudes Toward the Police	427	(1)
How Juvenile Offenders Are Processed	428	(8)
What Would You Do? 14.2 Decisions Police Officers Face	429	(1)
Factors That Influence Police Discretion	429	(2)
Social Policy 14.3 Racial Profiling and the Police	431	(2)
Informal and Formal Dispositions of Juvenile Offenders	433	(2)
Police Attitudes toward Youth Crime	435	(1)
International Context 14.4 Juvenile Justice and the Police in Canada, Australia, England, and China	436	(1)
The Legal Rights of Juveniles	436	(4)
Search and Seizure	437	(1)
Interrogation Practices	437	(1)
Fingerprinting	438	(1)
Pretrial Identification Practices	439	(1)
How Does the Prevention and Deterrence of Juvenile Offenders Take Place?	440	(7)
Social Policy 14.5 Interview with Loren A. Evenrud	441	(1)
Community-Based Interventions	442	(2)
School-Based Interventions	444	(1)
Gang-Based Interventions	445	(1)
Social Policy 14.6 Project D.A.R.E.	446	(1)
Summary	447	(1)
Key Terms	448	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	448	(1)
Web Destinations	448	(1)
Notes	449	(3)
The Juvenile Court	452	(40)
Juvenile Law 15.1 Abolish the Juvenile Court	455	(1)
How the Juvenile Court Originated	456	(1)
Sociocultural Context	456	(1)
Legal Context	456	(1)
Political Context	457	(1)
Economic Context	457	(1)
How the Norms of the Juvenile Court Have Changed	457	(6)
Changes in Legal Norms	458	(1)
Juvenile Law 15.2 Kent v. United States	459	(1)
Juvenile Law 15.3 In re Gault	460	(1)
Juvenile Law 15.4 In re Winship	461	(1)
Juvenile Law 15.5 The Right of a Jury Trial for Juveniles	461	(1)
Juvenile Law 15.6 Breed v. Jones	462	(1)
The Role Expectations of Juvenile Court Actors	463	(3)
Judges	463	(1)
Referees	464	(1)
Prosecutors	465	(1)
Defense Attorneys	465	(1)
International Context 15.7 Juvenile Court Systems in Australia, Canada, England, Japan, and South Africa	466	(1)
Pretrial Procedures	466	(11)
The Detention Hearing	468	(2)
Juvenile Law 15.8 Detention Facilities	470	(1)
The Intake Process	471	(1)
The Transfer Procedure	472	(1)
Juvenile Law 15.9 Informed Sanctions	472	(5)
What Happens During a Juvenile Trial?	477	(4)
The Adjudicatory Hearing	477	(2)
The Disposition Hearing	479	(1)
Judicial Alternatives	480	(1)
The Right to Appeal	481	(1)
The Juvenile Sentencing Structures	481	(2)
The Death Penalty for Juveniles	483	(4)
Summary	487	(1)
Key Terms	488	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	488	(1)
Web Destinations	488	(1)
Notes	489	(3)
Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community--Based Treatment, and Institutionalization	492	(44)
Development of Community-Based and Institutional Corrections in the United States	495	(2)
Emergence of Community-Based Corrections	495	(1)
Evolution of Juvenile Institutions	496	(1)
Probation	497	(9)
The Operation of Probation Services	498	(2)
Juvenile Law 16.1 Probation Rules	500	(1)
What Would You Do? 16.2 Decisions Probation Officers Face	501	(1)
Risk Control and Crime Reduction	502	(3)
The Community Volunteer	505	(1)
The Roles Residential and Day Treatment Programs Play	506	(4)
Types of Residential and Day Treatment Programs	506	(2)
Treatment and Intervention 16.3 Programs of the Associated Marine Institutes	508	(2)
Types of Institutional Placement for Juveniles	510	(11)
Reception and Diagnostic Centers	510	(1)
Ranches and Forestry Camps	511	(1)
Boot Camps	512	(1)
Treatment and Intervention 16.4 Hennepin County Home School	513	(1)
Public and Private Training Schools	514	(6)
Treatment and Intervention 16.5 Glen Mills School	520	(1)
Adult Prisons	520	(1)
The Quality of Residential Life in Training Schools	521	(2)
Training Schools for Boys	521	(1)
Training Schools for Girls and Coeducational Institutions	522	(1)
The Rights of Confined Juveniles	523	(2)
The Courts	523	(1)
Cripa and Juvenile Correctional Facilities	524	(1)
How Juvenile Aftercare Works	525	(5)
The Administration and Operation of Aftercare Services	525	(1)
Risk Control and Crime Reduction	526	(1)
Social Policy 16.6 Interview with a Juvenile Aftercare Officer	527	(3)
International Context 16.7 Long-Term Juvenile Placements	530	(1)
Summary	530	(1)
Key Terms	531	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	531	(1)
Web Destinations	532	(1)
Notes	532	(4)
Glossary	536	(10)
Name Index	546	(11)
Subject Index	557