Juvenile Justice in America

by Bartollas, Clemens; Miller, Stuart J.

• ISBN13: 9780130144232
• ISBN10: 0130144231
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For freshman/junior-level courses in Sociology, Criminal Justice, Criminology, Social Work, Administration of Justice. Fully focused on the important issues, emerging trends, solid research base, and the special challenges facing juvenile justice today, this comprehensive exploration of the American juvenile justice system covers the history and philosophy of juvenile justice, the current practices for processing youthful offenders, the detention of juveniles, and the diversion of youth from the juvenile justice system. Unique in its approach, it gives students an up-close and personal view of the fascinating and sometimes tragic world of the juvenile offenderand the personal, psychological and thinking processes that characterize juvenile misbehavior. From this vivid reality base, it describes the jobs and problems of those practitioners in the justice system that work with youths and the workings of the important components of the juvenile justice system that brings both together.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
PART I Introduction
Juvenile Justice: An Overview	1	(28)
Historical Themes of Juvenile Justice	4	(6)
Juvenile Justice Agencies and Functions	10	(1)
The Processing of the Juvenile Offender	11	(5)
Challenges to the Juvenile Justice System	16	(13)
The Measurement of Juvenile Crime and Victimization	29	(34)
Official Measurements of Juvenile Crime	31	(12)
Unoffical Measurements of Juvenile Crime	43	(3)
Drug Use Among Juveniles	46	(1)
Dimensions of Law-Violating Behaviors	47	(6)
Juvenile Victims	53	(3)
The Future of Juvenile Crime	56	(7)
PART II The System and Early Decision Making
The Police	63	(30)
The History of Police-Juvenile Relations	65	(1)
Juveniles' Attitudes Toward the Police	66	(3)
Processing the Juvenile Offender	69	(3)
Police and the Legal Rights of Juveniles	72	(8)
Police Organization and Functions	80	(3)
Special Challenges of Community Policing	83	(10)
The Juvenile Court	93	(24)
Traditions Behind the Juvenile Court	95	(1)
Development of the Juvenile Court	96	(2)
Changes in Legal Norms	98	(5)
Social Control and the Status Offender	103	(3)
Pretrial Procedures	106	(11)
Juvenile Trial and Disposition	117	(17)
Juvenile Courtroom Players	118	(4)
The Juvenile Trial	122	(5)
The Child's Right to Appeal	127	(1)
Juvenile Sentencing Structure	127	(2)
Justice for Juveniles	129	(5)
Juveniles in Adult Court	134	(25)
Children or Adults?	135	(2)
Transfer to Adult Court	137	(9)
Youthful Offender System	146	(4)
The Death Penalty for Juveniles	150	(3)
A Proposed Adult Court for Juveniles	153	(6)
PART III Community-Based Corrections
Juvenile Probation	159	(23)
The History of Probation	161	(2)
The Administration of Probation	163	(3)
Probation Services	166	(3)
Risk Control and Crime Reduction	169	(5)
Probation Officers	174	(2)
The Rights of Probationers	176	(1)
Volunteer Probation Officers	177	(2)
The Effectiveness of Probation	179	(3)
Community-Based Programs	182	(29)
History of Community-Based Programs	183	(2)
Acceptance of Community-Based Programs	185	(1)
Administration of Community-Based Programs	186	(2)
Delinquency Prevention	188	(5)
Foster Care	193	(1)
Diversion	194	(4)
Day Treatment Programs	198	(3)
Group Homes	201	(1)
Wilderness Programs	202	(4)
Effectiveness of Community-Based Programs	206	(5)
Juvenile Aftercare	211	(28)
The Definition and Scope of Juvenile Aftercare	213	(1)
The Operation of Juvenile Aftercare	214	(14)
The Aftercare Officer	228	(5)
Interstate Compacts	233	(1)
Improving the Effectiveness of Aftercare	234	(5)
PART IV Institutionalization
Juvenile Institutionalization	239	(34)
The History of Juvenile Confinement	241	(4)
Twentieth-Century Changes	245	(2)
Short-Term Confinement	247	(3)
Long-Term Confinement	250	(14)
Troubling Aspects of Juvenile Institutionalization	264	(2)
Rights of Institutionalized Youths	266	(7)
PART V Toward an Understanding of Causation
Research and Theory in Juvenile Justice	273	(28)
Approaching the Research Problem	275	(3)
The Research Process	278	(5)
Promoting Research in the Juvenile Justice System	283	(1)
Theory and Juvenile Justice	284	(2)
Levels of Theory	286	(5)
Approaches to Theory	291	(3)
Promoting Theory in Juvenile Justice	294	(1)
Issues in Research and Theory	295	(6)
The Social Correlates of Youth and Gang Crime	301	(30)
Dysfunctional Families	303	(3)
Failure in School	306	(2)
Antisocial Peer Relationships	308	(3)
Toxic Neighborhoods and the Underclass	311	(1)
Hate Groups	311	(2)
Street Gangs	313	(12)
Guns	325	(6)
Profile of the Juvenile Offender	331	(24)
Problem Behaviors Among Adolescents	333	(2)
Noncriminal Youths	335	(3)
Irresponsible Youths	338	(3)
Situational Offenders	341	(4)
Drug and Alcohol Users	345	(1)
Chronic Offenders	346	(5)
Qualifying Statements	351	(4)
Treatment Technologies	355	(31)
The Treatment Debate	357	(1)
Classification of Offenders	358	(2)
Treatment Modalities	360	(17)
The Issue of Treatment Effectiveness	377	(9)
PART VI The International Scene
International Juvenile Justice	386	(30)
The Beijing Rules	389	(1)
Industrialized Nations	390	(10)
Emerging Nations	400	(16)
PART VII The Future
Juvenile Justice in the Twenty-First Century	416	(17)
Problems of Modern Society Affecting Youths at Risk	418	(3)
What Makes It Hard for a Juvenile Offender to ``Go Straight''	421	(4)
Problems in the Administration of Juvenile Justice	425	(2)
Juvenile Justice and the Twenty-First Century	427	(1)
Credo for the Next One Hundred Years	428	(5)
Name Index	433	(8)
Subject Index	441