Juvenile Justice : A Guide to Practice and Theory

by Cox, Steven M.; Conrad, John J.; Allen, Jennifer M.

• ISBN13: 9780697356178
• ISBN10: 0697356175
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-07-17
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This comprehensive, current juvenile justice text provides thorough coverage of the interrelationships between juvenile law, theories of causation, and procedural requirements - the essential elements for successful practice in the field of juvenile justice. Juvenile Justice integrates theory and practice, provides up-to-date examples from recent headlines, enables students to go to the Internet to find materials, and is written in an easy to understand style.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Acknowledgments	x
Juvenile Justice in Historical Perspective	1	(16)
Juvenile Justice Historically	3	(8)
Continuing Dilemmas in Juvenile Justice	11	(3)
Summary	14	(1)
Internet Exercises	15	(1)
Useful Websites	16	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	16	(1)
Suggested Readings	16	(1)
Defining and Measuring Offenses by and Against Juveniles	17	(20)
Legal Definitions	17	(6)
Changing Definitions	17	(1)
Age Ambiguity	18	(1)
Inaccurate Images of Offenders and Victims	19	(4)
Behavioral Definitions	23	(1)
Focus on Behavior, Not Process	23	(1)
Official Statistics: Sources and Problems	23	(5)
Official Delinquency Statistics	23	(2)
Official Statistics on Abuse and Neglect	25	(1)
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)	26	(2)
Sources of Error in Official Statistics	28	(1)
Unofficial Sources of Data	28	(5)
Self-Report Studies	28	(2)
Police Observation Studies	30	(3)
Summary	33	(1)
Internet Exercises	34	(1)
Useful Websites	35	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	35	(1)
Suggested Readings	36	(1)
Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders	37	(33)
Social Factors	39	(14)
Family	39	(5)
Education	44	(3)
Social Class	47	(4)
Gangs	51	(1)
Drugs	51	(2)
Physical Factors	53	(12)
Age	54	(4)
Gender	58	(3)
Race	61	(4)
Summary	65	(2)
Internet Exercises	67	(1)
Useful Websites	68	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	68	(1)
Suggested Readings	68	(2)
Theories of Causation	70	(27)
Scientific Theory	71	(1)
Some Early Theories	71	(4)
Demonology	71	(1)
Classical Theory	72	(1)
Rational Choice Theory	73	(1)
Routine Activities Theory	73	(1)
The Positivist School	74	(1)
Biological Theories	75	(3)
Lombroso	75	(1)
Other Biological Theories	75	(3)
Psychological Theories	78	(7)
Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Approach	79	(2)
Psychopathology	81	(2)
Behaviorism and Learning Theory	83	(2)
Sociological Theories	85	(6)
Anomie and Strain Theory	85	(1)
The Ecological Approach	86	(2)
Sutherland-Differential Association Theory	88	(2)
Labeling Theory	90	(1)
Conflict and Radical/Critical/Marxist Theories	91	(2)
Feminism	92	(1)
Control Theories	92	(1)
Summary	93	(2)
Internet Exercises	95	(1)
Useful Websites	95	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	96	(1)
Suggested Readings	96	(1)
Purpose and Scope of Juvenile Court Acts	97	(24)
Purpose	98	(5)
Comparison of Adult and Juvenile Justice Systems	98	(2)
Protecting the Juvenile from Stigmatization	100	(2)
Maintaining the Family Unit	102	(1)
Preserving Constitutional Rights in Juvenile Court Proceedings	103	(1)
Scope	103	(14)
Age	103	(1)
Delinquent Acts	104	(3)
Unruly Children	107	(1)
Deprived, Neglected, or Dependent Children	108	(1)
Jurisdiction	109	(2)
Concurrent or Exclusive Jurisdiction	111	(1)
Waiver	112	(4)
Double Jeopardy	116	(1)
Summary	117	(1)
Internet Exercises	118	(1)
Useful Websites	119	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	119	(1)
Suggested Readings	119	(2)
Juvenile Justice Procedures	121	(28)
Rights of Juveniles	122	(2)
Bail	124	(1)
Taking Into Custody	124	(1)
Interrogation	125	(3)
The Detention Hearing	128	(6)
Detention/Shelter Care	134	(1)
The Preliminary Conference	135	(1)
The Petition	135	(1)
Notification	136	(1)
The Adjudicatory Hearing	137	(3)
The Social Background Investigation	140	(1)
The Dispositional Hearing	141	(4)
Appeals	145	(1)
Summary	146	(1)
Internet Exercises	146	(1)
Useful Websites	147	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	147	(1)
Suggested Readings	148	(1)
Juveniles and the Police	149	(19)
Police Discretion in Encounters with Juveniles	150	(4)
Unofficial Procedures	154	(4)
Official Procedures	158	(1)
Training and Competence of Juvenile Officers	159	(1)
Police/School Consultant and Liaison Programs	160	(2)
Community-Oriented Policing and Juveniles	162	(2)
Police and Juvenile Court	164	(1)
Summary	165	(1)
Internet Exercises	166	(1)
Useful Websites	166	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	166	(1)
Suggested Readings	167	(1)
Key Figures in Juvenile Court Proceedings	168	(20)
The Prosecutor	169	(2)
Defense Counsel	171	(4)
The Relationship Between the Prosecutor and Defense Counsel-Adversary or Cooperative	175	(2)
The Juvenile Court Judge	177	(3)
The Juvenile Probation Officer	180	(2)
Children and Family Services Personnel	182	(1)
Court-Appointed Special Advocates	182	(1)
Training and Competence of Juvenile Court Personnel	183	(1)
Summary	184	(1)
Internet Exercises	185	(1)
Useful Websites	185	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	186	(1)
Suggested Readings	186	(2)
Prevention and Diversion Programs	188	(24)
Prevention	189	(3)
Diversion Programs	192	(3)
Some Examples of Prevention and Diversion Programs	195	(10)
School Programs	195	(2)
Wilderness Programs	197	(1)
Restorative Justice Programs	198	(1)
Children and Family Services	199	(1)
Federal Programs	199	(4)
Other Diversion and Prevention Programs	203	(2)
Some Criticisms	205	(2)
Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Programs	207	(1)
Summary	208	(1)
Internet Exercises	209	(1)
Useful Websites	210	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	210	(1)
Suggested Readings	211	(1)
Dispositional Alternatives	212	(23)
Probation	213	(6)
Foster Homes	219	(1)
Treatment Centers	220	(1)
Juvenile Corrections	221	(1)
The Dilemmas of Juvenile Corrections	222	(2)
Capital Punishment and Youthful Offenders	224	(1)
Some Possible Solutions	225	(6)
Summary	231	(1)
Internet Exercises	232	(1)
Useful Websites	232	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	233	(1)
Suggested Readings	233	(2)
Child Abuse and Neglect	235	(17)
Physical Abuse	236	(3)
Child Neglect	239	(1)
Emotional Abuse of Children	240	(1)
Sexual Abuse of Children	240	(5)
Intervention	245	(4)
Summary	249	(1)
Internet Exercises	249	(1)
Useful Websites	250	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	250	(1)
Suggested Readings	250	(2)
Violent Youths and Gangs	252	(29)
Violent Youths	254	(1)
Firearms and Juvenile Violence	255	(2)
Gangs	257	(16)
A Brief History of Gangs	258	(4)
The Nature of Street Gangs	262	(1)
Delinquent and Criminal Gang Activities	262	(4)
Gang Membership	266	(1)
Characteristics	267	(1)
Age	267	(1)
Gender	267	(2)
Monikers	269	(1)
Graffiti	269	(3)
Jargon	272	(1)
Recruitment	272	(1)
Response of Justice Network to Gangs	273	(1)
Public, Legislative, and Judicial Reaction	273	(1)
Alternatives to Incarceration for Violent Juveniles	274	(2)
Summary	276	(2)
Internet Exercises	278	(1)
Useful Websites	278	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	279	(1)
Suggested Readings	279	(2)
The Future of Juvenile Justice	281	(5)
Internet Exercises	286	(1)
Suggested Readings	286
Appendix	1	(1)
References	1	(1)
Index	1