The Juvenile Justice System Law and Process

by Sanborn, Joseph B.; Salerno, Anthony W.; Bishop, Donna

• ISBN13: 9780195330182
• ISBN10: 0195330188
• Edition: CD
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-10-07
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice are two essential topics in the criminal justice curriculum. Sanborn and Salerno's The Juvenile Justice System: Law and Process is dedicated solely to explaining juvenile justice. This text explores the many differences between the juvenile justice and the criminal justice systems, both those that benefit youths and those that are arguably unfair to them. The book concentrates, describes, and explains the unique traits of juvenile justice and what makes it so different from criminal justice. The Juvenile Justice System specifically addresses what actually happens during the court process, devoting an entire chapter to the adjudicatory hearing as well as all other major decision-making stages. A unique feature is its in-depth coverage of plea bargaining. Also featured are topics such as parental role in the juvenile justice system, school searches, and the origin of juvenile court. Another unique benefit of this text is the Numbers section at the end of several chapters, detailing how many youths have been affected by various decisions made in the juvenile justice system (such as arrest, detention, transfer to adult court, adjudication, being placed on probation, or committed to residential placement). In addition, the appendices identify juvenile justice standards for all 50 states and Washington, DC, as well as the federal jurisdiction. These standards apply to all decisions made within the juvenile justice system, including arrest, detention, diversion, intake, transfer, adjudication, disposition, and postdispositional stages. The text is written in a conversational, reader-friendly style. Each chapter describes and analyzes, step by step, what young alleged offenders experience in each successive stage of the court process. For each chapter, outlines of key terms and concepts aid student comprehension and serve as a starting point for class discussion. Each chapter also features discussion questions designed to stimulate students' critical thinking. A comprehensive Instructor's Manual/Testing Program is available, and an interactive Student Study Guide is included with each copy of the book.

Table of Contents

A History of Juvenile Justice in the United States

Putting Juvenile Justice Into Context

Some Preliminary Distinctions

Models or Philosophies of Juvenile JusticeImpact of the Rehabilitation Model

The Varied Purposes of Juvenile Justice

The Terminology Differentiation

Historical Development of Juvenile Justice

Quakers'' Reform Efforts in the Nineteenth Century

Houses of Refuge

Legal Foundation for the Houses of Refuge

Reformatories and Separate Trial Dockets

The Emergence of the Juvenile Court

The Legal Foundation of Juvenile Court

The Reasons Juvenile Defendants Had No Rights in Juvenile Court

The Juvenile Justice System, 1899-1967: An Overview

United States Supreme Court Intervention: The Legal Framework of Juvenile Justice

The Need for Changes in Juvenile Court Procedures

Establishing the Legal Framework of Juvenile Justice in Kent v. U.S.In re Gault and the Modification of Juvenile Court Procedure

Putting Gault and the Legal Framework Into ContextIn re Winship and the Burden of Proof

and the Right to Jury Trial

Trial in Both Juvenile and Adult Court

The Overall Result of the Legal Framework

The Nature of Juvenile Misbehavior

Juvenile Court Jurisdiction

Factors Influencing Jurisdiction

Juvenile Delinquency

Status Offenses

Mandatory Exclusion

Measuring Juvenile Crime

Measuring Juvenile Delinquency

Uniform Crime Reports

Victimization Surveys

Self-Report Surveys

Validation of SRSCohort Studies

Evaluating Measures of Juvenile Delinquency

Age and Delinquency

Gender and Delinquency

Race and Delinquency

Social Class and Delinquency

Juveniles Preying on Juveniles: Juveniles as Victims

Patterns of Juvenile Crime

Considering Patterns

Crime in the Schools

GangsJuvenile Violent Crime

Serious Violent Juveniles (SVJ)

The Gatekeepers of Juvenile Justice

Policing Juveniles

Policing: The Underdeveloped Component

Unique Police Service and Prevention Roles

Juveniles'' Attitudes Toward Police

Community-Oriented Policing

Curfew LawsDetecting Youth Misbehavior

Field Investigations and Stops and Frisks

The Decision Not to Arrest a Youth

Grounds and Evidence for Arrest (Taking Into Custody)Factors That Can Affect the Decision to Arrest

Procedures Following Arrest

Search and Seizure and Interrogation

Fingerprints and Photographs

Other Identification MeasuresThe Decision to Refer the Case to Juvenile Court

The Juvenile Court PersonnelA Unique Place to Work

The Prosecutor

The Defense Attorney

The Judge

Referees and Masters

Probation Officers

Parents and Victims

Personnel Overview

The Intake ProcessIntake Objectives

POs as Intake Workers

The Uniqueness of IntakeIntake OptionsIntake Decision Making

The Essence of DiversionFailure, Successful Completion, and Impact of Diversion

Modern Aspects of Diversion

Research on Who Is Diverted

The Formal Prosecution Option

The Numbers at Intake

The Juvenile Court: The Preliminary Stages

DetentionPOs as the Gatekeepers to Detention

Humane Detention

The Detention Alternative Movement

Detention SettingsJuveniles in JailJuveniles Eligible for Detention

Detention Research

Risks (and Needs) Assessment

Detention Hearing

Constitutional Rights at the Detention Hearing

The Need to Detain

Release Conditions

Addressing the Charges at Detention

The Numbers at Detention

Expedited Trial Date for Detention Cases

Potential Unique Aspects of Juvenile Detention

The Pretrial Stage

An Underdeveloped StagePleading

Pretrial IssuesInformal Resolutions

Plea Bargaining

Non-negotiated Guilty Pleas

The Pleading Guilty Process

Heading to Transfer or to an Adjudicatory Hearing

Transfer to Adult Court

The Prospect of Self-Transfer

The What of Transfer

The Why of Transfer

The When of Transfer

The How (or Types) of Transfer: Judicial and Prosecutorial

The First Stage of Judicial Transfer: The Probable Cause Hearing

The Second Stage of Judicial Transfer: The Amenability Hearing

Prosecutorial Transfer

Current Standards in Judicial a

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