Juvenile Justice Today

by Vito, Gennaro F., Ph.D.; Simonsen, Clifford E.

• ISBN13: 9780130119933
• ISBN10: 0130119938
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2019-11-21
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Offering a comprehensive and balanced treatment, this book traces the history, development, and current practices of the system designed to deal with juvenile behavior, its control and treatment. It concentrates on the processes that make the juvenile justice system work, the people involved in the system, and the programs aimed at meeting the needs of children in trouble. The writing style is clear and concise, incorporating understandable examples and descriptions throughout.KEY TOPICSA three-part format presents the history of juvenile justice, provides extensive coverage of the entire juvenile justice process, and considers its future.For individuals interested and/or considering a career in the criminal justice field.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xiii
PART I THE HISTORY OF JUVENILE JUSTICE	1	(78)
1 CHILDREN IN TROUBLE (2000 B.C. TO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY)	3	(23)
Chapter Overview	3	(1)
Primitive Laws	3	(4)
The English Experience (a.d. 600 to 1825)	7	(5)
Classifying Juvenile Delinquents During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries	12	(2)
Early Causal Theories of Delinquency	14	(1)
The Early American Experience	15	(5)
Preventive Agencies and Reform Schools	20	(1)
Summary	20	(3)
Terms to Remember	23	(1)
Review Questions	24	(1)
Notes	24	(2)
2 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE	26	(30)
Chapter Overview	26	(1)
Delinquency and Delinquents: The Late 1890's and the Early 1900's	26	(2)
The Juvenile Court Movement Begins	28	(14)
The Due Process Revolution	42	(9)
Summary	51	(2)
Terms to Remember	53	(1)
Review Questions	53	(1)
Notes	54	(2)
3 JUVENILE CRIME: MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS	56	(23)
Measuring Delinquency	56	(1)
The Uniform Crime Report	57	(3)
National Crime Victims Survey	60	(2)
Cohort Studies: Another Way to Measure Delinquency	62	(6)
Serious Juvenile Offender Programs	68	(5)
Summary	73	(1)
Terms to Remember	74	(1)
Review Questions	75	(1)
Notes	75	(4)
PART II THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM	79	(236)
4 THE JUVENILE JUSTICE PROCESS	81	(17)
Chapter Overview	81	(1)
The Police: First Point of Contact	82	(4)
The Juvenile Court: The Heart of the System	86	(5)
Juvenile Corrections	91	(1)
The Direction of Juvenile Justice	92	(3)
Summary	95	(1)
Terms to Remember	96	(1)
Review Questions	96	(1)
Notes	97	(1)
5 JUVENILES AND THE POLICE: WHERE THE SYSTEM STARTS	98	(29)
Chapter Overview	98	(1)
Emergence and Growth of Police Departments	99
Chapter Overview	98	(3)
Police: The First Contact with the System	101	(4)
Guidelines for Police Disposition: The Power of Discretion	105	(5)
Police and the Neglected or Abused Child	110	(4)
Police and Delinquents	114	(4)
The Promise of Community Policing	118	(3)
Police Operations	121	(3)
Summary	124	(1)
Terms to Remember	124	(1)
Review Questions	124	(1)
Notes	125	(2)
6 THE JUVENILE COURT	127	(35)
Chapter Overview	127	(3)
History of the Juvenile Court	130	(2)
Juvenile Court Jurisdiction	132	(6)
Operations Under the Juvenile Court	138	(10)
The Juvenile Court Today	148	(7)
Summary	155	(3)
Terms to Remember	158	(1)
Review Questions	158	(1)
Notes	159	(3)
7 JUVENILE'S LEGAL RIGHTS	162	(22)
Chapter Overview	162	(1)
A Brief History	163	(15)
Procedural Rights Outside the Justice System	178	(1)
Substantive Rights of Minors	179	(1)
Summary	180	(1)
Terms to Remember	181	(1)
Review Questions	181	(1)
Notes	181	(3)
8 JUVENILE PROBATION CHEAPER OR BETTER?	184	(33)
Chapter Overview	184	(1)
Historical Background of Probation	185	(2)
Early Probation in the United States	187	(2)
Probation Today	189	(1)
Granting Probation	190	(2)
Formal and Informal Probation	192	(1)
Filing a Petition	192	(1)
Functions of Juvenile Probation	193	(7)
Conditions of Probation	200	(3)
Duration of Probation	203	(1)
Organization and Administration of Probation	203	(2)
The Probation Officer	205	(3)
Innovations in Juvenile Probation	208	(5)
Summary	213	(1)
Terms to Remember	214	(1)
Review Questions	214	(1)
Notes	214	(3)
9 JUVENILE INSTITUTIONS: THE SUCCESS OF FAILURE	217	(37)
Chapter Overview	217	(3)
Historical Origins of Juvenile Institutions	220	(6)
Facilities for Juveniles	226	(1)
Juvenile Institutions Today	227	(3)
Today's Approach to Institutions	230	(5)
Institutions: Functions and Theories	235	(2)
Institutional Treatment and Rehabilitation	237	(4)
Institutional Punishment	241	(1)
The Future of Juvenile Institutions: Programs and Issues	242	(7)
Summary	249	(1)
Terms to Remember	250	(1)
Review Questions	250	(1)
Notes	251	(3)
10 JUVENILE PAROLE: USEFUL OR HARMFUL?	254	(18)
Chapter Overview	254	(1)
Brief History of Parole	255	(3)
Juvenile Parole Today	258	(1)
The Parole Decision Process: Who Decides and How?	259	(3)
Parole Services	262	(2)
Conditions of Parole	264	(3)
Discharge From Parole	267	(1)
Juvenile Recidivism	268	(1)
Summary	269	(1)
Terms to Remember	270	(1)
Review Questions	270	(1)
Notes	270	(2)
11 GROUP HOMES, FOSTER CARE AND ADOPTION	272	(23)
Chapter Overview	272	(1)
Group Homes	273	(7)
Foster Care	280	(6)
Adoption	286	(6)
Summary	292	(1)
Terms to Remember	293	(1)
Review Questions	293	(1)
Notes	293	(2)
12 JUVENILE JUSTICE ASSESSMENT AND CLASSIFICATION	295	(20)
Chapter Overview	295	(1)
Classification in the Past	296	(4)
Classification Today	300	(12)
Summary	312	(1)
Terms to Remember	313	(1)
Review Questions	313	(1)
Notes	314	(1)
PART III JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY	315	(52)
13 DEALING WITH DELINQUENCY: THEORIES, ISSUES, AND PRACTICE	317	(38)
Chapter Overview	317	(3)
Defining Delinquency	320	(3)
The Classical School of Criminology	323	(6)
Social Theories of Delinquency	329	(1)
Subcultural Theories	330	(3)
Social Disorganization Theory	333	(6)
Social Control Theory	339	(8)
Labeling Theory	347	(3)
Summary	350	(1)
Terms to Remember	350	(1)
Review Questions	351	(1)
Notes	351	(4)
14 THE FUTURE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE	355	(12)
Chapter Overview	355	(3)
Fragmentation: a Major Problem	358	(6)
Summary: Where Next?	364	(1)
Terms to Remember	365	(1)
Review Questions	365	(1)
Notes	366	(1)
INDEX	367

Excerpts

Juvenile Justice Todayis written for the student beginning to develop an interest in the juvenile area of the criminal justice system. It focuses on the system itself, the processes within it, and the young people who become involved in it. We also present an historical view of the juvenile justice system and how it relates to the entire criminal justice system. This text is based on a specific model emphasizing concise chapters that logically build upon each other. It is designed to keep the reader's attention and interest by presenting each chapter in self-contained, yet interrelated parts that can be easily read in short sessions without excessive effort. References are contained at the end of each chapter. Aside from covering the practical and theoretical elements of the juvenile justice system and process, the text makes use of current literature and research, including timely materials available on the World Wide Web. ORGANIZATION OF THIS EDITION This fourth edition is divided into three major sections and fourteen chapters. Part I presents the history of juvenile justice. It examines the handling of juveniles by justice systems from ancient times up to the present, along with the slow emergence of a separate system of juvenile justice. Chapter 1 traces the development of juvenile justice from Babylon to the United States in the early part of the twentieth century. Chapter 2 focuses upon changes in the treatment of juveniles from 1900 through the establishment of and changes in the operations of the juvenile court in the twentieth century. Chapter 3 examines statistics on juvenile justice and crime today that provides a basis for the examination of issues covered in the remainder of the text. Part II is an extensive coverage of the entire juvenile justice process. It examines the parts of the juvenile justice system that are both similar to and different from the adult criminal justice system. Chapter 4 reviews the process model of juvenile justice and the specialized language and terminology used to handle juvenile cases. A handy lexicon of related phrases is provided to help the student understand the differences between the adult and juvenile justice models. Chapter 5 deals with the relationships that exist with the juvenile in trouble and his or her first point of contact--the police. The development of police organizations to deal with juveniles is reviewed with special attention given to community and problem-oriented policing. Chapter 6 traces the development of the juvenile court and the modern pressures for change, primarily to make it more like the adult system in regard to both due process and accountability. Chapter 7 provides a review of the legal rights of juveniles, tracing the significant legal decisions that have begun to shape and change the juvenile justice process. Chapter 8 examines the problems and hopes that lie in juvenile probation, a system that is splintered into so many jurisdictions that it seems to be no system at all. Special attention is given to innovations in juvenile probation, such as electronic monitoring and school probation. Chapter 9 traces the dismal history of juvenile institutions as a response to delinquency. In particular, the serious issues of disproportionate minority confinement and the holding of juveniles in adult jails and prisons are examined. Chapter 10 examines juvenile parole and its less-than-fulfilled promise to successfully return the juvenile to the community. A new model, the Intensive Aftercare Program, is also presented. Chapter 11 looks a group homes, foster care, and adoption as potential ways to place juveniles in productive environments rather than the formal juvenile justice process. Chapter 12 examines the systems of classification and assessment that are designed to put juveniles into groups to facilitate custody and treatment plans in both the institution and the community. Part III consider