Kammerer and Gross' Medical Consultation

by Gross, Richard J., M.D.; Caputo, Gregory M., M.D.; Kammerer, William S.

• ISBN13: 9780683036398
• ISBN10: 0683036394
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-03-01
• Publisher: Williams & Wilkins

Summary

This Third Edition continues the coverage of both preoperative and postoperative medical problems, including both obstetric and psychiatric services. Emphasis is placed on clinical decision making and practical management techniques to give readers the background they need to treat each individual patient. The authors have included the latest perspectives on the impact of managed care, along with 16 new color plates in the dermatology chapter. The first two editions of this text were edited by William Kammerer and Richard Gross.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the First Edition	vii	(2)
Preface to the Third Edition	ix	(2)
Preface to the First Edition	xi	(2)
Acknowledgments	xiii	(2)
Contributors	xv
1 GENERAL MEDICAL CONSULTATION SERVICE: THE ROLE OF THE INTERNIST	2	(8)
-Richard J. Gross
Gregory M. Caputo
Initial Contact	2	(1)
Completion of the Consultation Report	3	(2)
Follow-up	5	(1)
Effectiveness of Consultations	5	(5)
2 FUNCTION OF A GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE CONSULTATION SERVICE	10	(9)
Gregory M. Caputo
Richard J. Gross
Attributes of a General Medicine Consultation Service	10	(2)
Description of a General Medicine Consultation Service	12	(2)
Risk Assessment	14	(3)
The Effect of Capitated Insurance Systems on General Internal Medicine Consultation	17	(2)
3 EVALUATION OF MEDICAL RISKS IN THE SURGICAL PATIENT	19	(10)
Richard J. Gross
Risk-benefit: General Principles	19	(3)
Approach to the Preoperative Evaluation	22	(7)
4 EVALUATION OF HEALTHY PATIENTS AND AMBULATORY SURGICAL PATIENTS	29	(26)
Richard J. Gross
Stewart F. Babbott
Evaluation of Healthy Patients	29	(4)
Evaluation of Ambulatory Surgical Patients	33	(7)
Selecting Preoperative Tests: An Overview	40	(2)
Specific Preoperative Tests: Evaluation	42	(13)
5 ANESTHESIA: RISKS, TECHNIQUES AND AGENTS, ORGAN EFFECTS, AND SPECIFIC CONCERNS	55	(16)
Larry B. Grossman
Risks and Mortality	55	(2)
Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia versus General Anesthesia	57	(1)
Same-day Admissions	58	(1)
Outpatient Anesthesia	58	(1)
Anesthesia Management	58	(1)
Anesthetic Agents	59	(1)
Effects on Organ Systems	60	(4)
Drug Interactions	64	(2)
Specific Concerns	66	(5)
6 THE RECOGNITION, CORRECTION, AND PREVENTION OF MALNUTRITION	71	(23)
Sudhir K. Dutta
Rationale	71	(1)
Recognition	72	(5)
Correction of Malnutrition	77	(2)
Nutritional Intervention	79	(1)
Enternal Nutrition	79	(6)
Parenteral Nutrition	85	(2)
Complications of Parenteral Nutrition	87	(2)
Nutritional Support and Clinical Conditions	89	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	90	(1)
Pancreatitis	90	(1)
Chronic Liver Disease	90	(1)
Renal Disease	90	(1)
Chronic Lung Disease	91	(1)
Cardiac Disease	91	(1)
Cancer	91	(1)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus	91	(3)
7 PREOPERATIVE PULMONARY EVALUATION	94	(21)
Philip A. Masters
Kevin Gleeson
Postoperative Pulmonary Complications	94	(1)
Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery on Respiratory Function	94	(3)
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Complications	97	(4)
Preperative Pulmonary Testing	101	(3)
Approach to the Surgical Patient	104	(3)
Postoperative Management	107	(8)
8 BASIC MECHANICAL RESPIRATORY SUPPORT	115	(18)
Larry B. Grossman
Howard T. Jacobs
Epidemiology	115	(2)
Indications for Intubation and Mechanical Support	117	(1)
Sources of Information for Ventilatory Plans	118	(1)
Technical Aspects	119	(1)
Ventilatory Equipment and Its Management	120	(5)
Problems from Mechanical Ventilation	125	(1)
Criteria for Extubation	126	(3)
Additional Modes of Mechanical Ventilation	129	(4)
9 INVASIVE PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: CONTROVERSIES AND CONSENSUS	133	(8)
John M. Field
The Controversy	133	(1)
Historical Background	134	(1)
The Issues	134	(1)
Consensus Indications	135	(1)
Complications	136	(1)
Clinical Competence	136	(5)
10 THROMBOEMBOLIC DISORDERS	141	(8)
Brent G. Petty
Prevention of Deep Venous Thrombophlebitis	141	(3)
Deep Venous Thrombophlebitis	144	(2)
Pulmonary Embolism	146	(3)
11 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND HYPERTENSION	149	(58)
Rita A. Falcone
Roy C. Ziegelstein
General Considerations	149	(1)
Assessment of the Patient	149	(3)
Effective Consultation	152	(1)
Risk and Prevalence of Myocardial Ischemia	153	(18)
Coronary Revascularization Procedures	171	(3)
Treatment of Perioperative Arrhythmias	174	(3)
Perioperative Systolic and Diastolic Myocardial Dysfunction	177	(2)
Hypertension	179	(9)
Valvular Heart Disease	188	(7)
Prosthetic Heart Valves	195	(2)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	197	(10)
12 RENAL, FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE DISORDERS	207	(90)
Paul E. Turer
Gary R. Briefel
Preoperative Evaluation and Treatment of Patients with Normal Renal Function	207	(9)
Evaluation and Treatment of the Surgical Patient with Acute Renal Failure	216	(13)
Evaluation and Treatment of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure	229	(7)
Treatment of Renal Transplantation Donors and Recipients	236	(3)
Surgery in Renal Transplant Recipients	239	(37)
Acid-Base Disorders	276	(21)
13 GASTROENTEROLOGY	297	(32)
Gerald A. Hofkin
Nutrition	297	(1)
Liver Disease	297	(10)
Pancreatitis	307	(1)
Postoperative Pancreatitis	308	(1)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	309	(3)
Complications from Surgery	312	(11)
Postoperative Diarrhea	323	(1)
Treatment of "Ostomates"	323	(6)
14 ENDOCRINE DISORDERS	329	(32)
Thomas J. McGlynn, Jr.
Richard J. Simons
Diabetes Mellitus	329	(5)
Hyperthyroidism	334	(3)
Hypothyroidism	337	(3)
Adrenal Insufficiency	340	(3)
Selective Aldosterone Deficiency	343	(2)
Primary Hyperaldosteronism	345	(2)
Pheochromocytoma	347	(1)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone	348	(3)
Diabetes Insipidus	351	(3)
Pituitary Insufficiency	354	(1)
Hyperparathyroidism and Hypercalcemia	355	(6)
15 HEMATOLOGY	361	(46)
James O. Ballard
Robert A. Gordon
The Preoperative Patient with Anemia	361	(3)
Postoperative Anemias	364	(3)
The Transfused Patient	367	(3)
Special Operative Considerations in Patients with Erythrocyte Abnormalities	370	(7)
White Blood Cell Disorders	377	(3)
Evaluation and Treatment of Hemostasis in Surgical Patients	380	(13)
Hypercoagulable States	393	(3)
Treatment of Platelet Disorders in Surgical Patients	396	(5)
Special Hematologic Treatment Issues in Surgical Patients	401	(6)
16 ONCOLOGY	407	(43)
Robert A. Gordon
Incidental Surgery in Patients with Cancer	407	(4)
Therapeutic Surgery in Patients with Cancer	411	(32)
Appendix: Staging Systems of Common Cancers	443	(7)
17 INFECTIOUS DISEASE	450	(69)
John Stuckey
Richard J. Gross
Prophylactic Antibiotics	450	(26)
Postoperative Problems	476	(43)
18 DERMATOLOGY	519	(22)
Donald P. Lookingbill
Gregory M. Caputo
Rash and Fever	519	(8)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	527	(1)
Skin Signs of Malignancy	528	(3)
Skin Reactions Associated with Pregnancy	531	(1)
Pruritus	532	(1)
The Diabetic Foot	533	(1)
Cutaneous Complications of Hospitalizations	534	(3)
Dermatologic Therapy	537	(1)
When to Consult a Dermatologist	538	(3)
19 ORTHOPAEDICS AND RHEUMATOLOGY	541	(12)
Richard J. Gross
Brent G. Petty
Hip Fractures	541	(3)
Joint Replacements	544	(3)
Fat Embolization	547	(1)
Rheumatologic Considerations in Surgical Patients	547	(6)
20 PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS AND COMPLICATIONS	553	(16)
Mohamad Ghias Arar
Yousef Dairi
Lourdes C. Corman
Patients with Preexisting Neurologic Conditions	553	(3)
Seizure Disorders	556	(2)
Dementia	558	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis	559	(1)
The Extrapyramidal Disorders	560	(3)
Myotonic Dystrophy	563	(1)
Postoperative Neurologic Complications	563	(6)
21 MEDICAL ILLNESS IN THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT	569	(46)
Noel Ballentine
Paul Kettl
Management of Concomitant Medical Illness	569	(3)
Consultation to Surgical Services: Psychiatric Issues	572	(1)
Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation for Surgery	573	(4)
Postoperative Delirium	577	(5)
Medical Evaluation for Electroconvulsive Therapy	582	(2)
Medical Illness Presenting with Psychiatric Symptoms	584	(7)
Alcohol Abuse	591	(1)
Eating Disorders and Their Medical Complications	592	(3)
Psychiatric Problems in Elderly Patients	595	(2)
Antipsychotic Drugs	597	(7)
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders	604	(1)
Appendix: Some Drugs that Cause Psychiatric Symptoms	605	(10)
22 SPECIAL TOPICS	615	(46)
Richard J. Gross
Surgical Problems in Elderly Patients	615	(6)
Specific Organ System Disease	621	(40)
23 MEDICAL ILLNESS DURING PREGNANCY	661	(50)
John Botti
Luanne Thorndyke
Diabetes Mellitus	661	(2)
Pulmonary Disease	663	(2)
Cardiovascular Disease	665	(8)
Hypertension	673	(2)
Renal Disease	675	(1)
Hematologic Disease	676	(3)
Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disease	679	(8)
Thyroid Disease	687	(4)
Collagen Vascular Diseases	691	(3)
Infectious Diseases	694	(3)
Immunizations	697	(14)
24 USEFUL EQUATIONS FOR THE CONSULTANT	711	(1)
Richard J. Gross
William S. Kammerer
INDEX	711