Kaplan AP Statistics 2007; An Apex Learning Guide

by Bruce Simmons; Mary Jean Bland; Barbara Wojciechowski

• ISBN13: 9781419550850
• ISBN10: 1419550853
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-12-26
• Publisher: Kaplan

Summary

-Complete review of essential topics on the AP Statistics topic outline-2 full-length practice tests-A diagnostic quiz that helps students determine which topics they should spend the most time reviewing-Complete test information and resources-Kaplan's proven AP score-raising strategies-Sample free-response questions, answers, and walk-through explanations for all key topics

Table of Contents

About the Authors	p. ix
Kaplan Panel of AP Experts	p. xi
The Basics
Inside the AP Statistics Exam	p. 3
Introduction to the AP Statistics Exam	p. 4
Overview of the Test Structure	p. 4
How the Exam Is Scored	p. 7
Registration and Fees	p. 7
Additional Resources	p. 8
Strategies for Success: Preparing for the Exam	p. 9
General Test-Taking Strategies	p. 9
How This Book Can Help, Plus Specific AP Statistics Exam Strategies	p. 10
How to Approach the Multiple-Choice Questions	p. 11
How to Approach the Free-Response Questions	p. 17
Stress Management	p. 18
Countdown to the Test	p. 21
Diagnostic Test
AP Statistics Diagnostic Test	p. 25
Diagnostic Test	p. 27
Diagnostic Test Correlation Chart	p. 44
How to Use the Review Section	p. 45
AP Statistics Review
Constructing and Interpreting Graphical Displays of Distributions of Univariate Data	p. 49
What Is All This Data About?	p. 49
Displaying Categorical Data Graphically	p. 50
Displaying Quantitative Data Graphically	p. 52
The Shape of a Distribution	p. 58
If You Learned Only Three Things in This Chapter	p. 50
Review Questions	p. 61
Answers and Explanations	p. 65
Summarizing Distributions of Univariate Data	p. 67
Measures of Center	p. 67
Measuring the Spread	p. 69
Measuring the Position	p. 71
Boxplots	p. 72
Effects of Changing Units of Summary Measures	p. 74
If You Learned Only Four Things in This Chapter	p. 75
Review Questions	p. 75
Answers and Explanations	p. 78
Comparing Distributions of Univariate Data	p. 79
Comparing Distributions with Stem and Leaf Plots	p. 79
Comparing Distributions with Dotplots	p. 80
Comparing Distributions with Boxplots	p. 81
Which Plot?	p. 83
If You Learned Only Two Things in This Chapter	p. 83
Review Questions	p. 84
Answers and Explanations	p. 88
Exploring Bivariate Data	p. 91
Overview: Why Bivariate Data?	p. 91
Analyzing Patterns in Scatterplots	p. 92
Measuring Relationships Between Variables	p. 94
Least Squares Regression Line	p. 96
Residual Plots and Outliers	p. 97
Transforming Data to Achieve Linearity	p. 99
If You Learned Only Five Things in This Chapter	p. 100
Review Questions	p. 101
Answers and Explanations	p. 104
Exploring Categorical Data	p. 105
Frequency Tables and Bar Charts	p. 105
Marginal and Joint Frequencies for Two-Way Tables	p. 107
Conditional Relative Frequencies	p. 108
Graphing Two-Way Tables	p. 109
If You Learned Only Four Things in This Chapter	p. 111
Review Questions	p. 111
Answers and Explanations	p. 114
Overview of Methods of Data Collection	p. 115
Planning a Study: Overview	p. 115
Observational Studies	p. 116
Experiments	p. 117
Statistics and Parameters	p. 118
If You Learned Only Four Things in This Chapter	p. 118
Review Questions	p. 118
Answers and Explanations	p. 122
Planning and Conducting Surveys	p. 125
Collecting Data: Observational Studies and Surveys	p. 125
Populations, Samples, and Random Selection	p. 126
Sources of Bias	p. 127
Simple Random Sampling	p. 129
Stratified Random Sampling and Other Schemes	p. 129
If You Learned Only Four Things in This Chapter	p. 130
Review Questions	p. 131
Answers and Explanations	p. 134
Planning and Conducting Experiments	p. 137
The Fundamentals of Experimental Design	p. 137
Confounding and Sources of Bias	p. 138
Experimental Design Schemes	p. 139
Observational Studies Revisited: SRS, Strata, Clusters	p. 141
If You Learned Only Three Things in This Chapter	p. 142
Review Questions	p. 143
Answers and Explanations	p. 146
Generalizability of Results from Experiments, Observational Studies, and Surveys	p. 149
Generalizability	p. 149
Sample Size and Population Size	p. 150
Observational Studies	p. 150
Experiments and Statistical Significance	p. 151
If You Learned Only Three Things in This Chapter	p. 151
Review Questions	p. 152
Answers and Explanations	p. 155
Probability	p. 157
What Are the Chances?	p. 157
Modeling Probability	p. 159
Rules of Probability	p. 161
Possible Outcomes and Counting Techniques	p. 164
If You Learned Only Five Things in This Chapter	p. 165
Review Questions	p. 166
Answers and Explanations	p. 170
Random Variables	p. 173
Discrete and Continuous Random Variables	p. 173
Mean and Variance of Random Variables	p. 176
Law of Large Numbers	p. 179
Rules for Means and Variances of Random Variables	p. 180
Binomial Distribution	p. 181
Geometric Distribution	p. 183
Simulating Random Behavior	p. 185
If You Learned Only Five Things in This Chapter	p. 188
Review Questions	p. 189
Answers and Explanations	p. 193
The Normal Distribution	p. 195
Probability Density Functions	p. 195
The Normal Density Curve	p. 197
The Normal Distribution as a Model for Measurement	p. 200
If You Learned Only Three Things in This Chapter	p. 205
Review Questions	p. 205
Answers and Explanations	p. 209
Sampling Distributions	p. 211
Sampling Distributions	p. 211
The Distribution of the Sample Proportions	p. 214
The Distribution of the Sample Means	p. 217
The Central Limit Theorem	p. 219
Simulation of Sampling Distributions	p. 220
Other Sampling Distributions	p. 221
If You Learned Only Two Things in This Chapter	p. 223
Review Questions	p. 224
Answers and Explanations	p. 227
Estimation	p. 229
Point Estimates and Margin of Error	p. 229
Confidence Intervals for Large Samples	p. 232
Confidence Intervals for Small Samples	p. 236
Confidence Intervals for a Proportion	p. 238
Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Means	p. 240
Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Proportions	p. 244
Confidence Intervals for the Slope of a Least-Squares Regression Line	p. 245
Calculating Sample Sizes	p. 248
If You Learned Only Four Things in This Chapter	p. 249
Review Questions	p. 250
Answers and Explanations	p. 262
Hypothesis Testing	p. 281
It All Starts with a Claim	p. 281
Large Sample Test for a Proportion	p. 288
Large Sample Test for the Difference Between Two Proportions	p. 290
Test for a Mean	p. 293
Tests for the Difference Between Two Means	p. 296
Matched Pairs	p. 297
If You Learned Only Four Things in This Chapter	p. 301
Review Questions	p. 303
Answers and Explanations	p. 313
Chi-Square and Inferences for the Slope of a Regression Line	p. 321
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit, Homogeneity of Proportions, and Independence	p. 321
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit	p. 322
Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity of Proportions	p. 325
Chi-Square Test for Independence	p. 326
Chi-Square Test for Independence vs. Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity	p. 328
Test for the Slope of the Least Squares Regression Line	p. 329
If You Learned Only Three Things in This Chapter	p. 333
Review Questions	p. 334
Answers and Explanations	p. 339
Using the Graphing Calculator	p. 343
Calculator Usage on the AP Statistics Exam	p. 343
Calculator Tips for Exploring Univariate Data	p. 344
Calculator Tips for Exploring Bivariate Data	p. 348
Calculator Tips for Probability	p. 353
Calculator Tips for Statistical Inference	p. 361
Quick Reference List of Calculator Commands	p. 372
Practice Tests
How to Take the Practice Tests	p. 374
How to Compute Your Score	p. 374
	p. 377
Answer Key	p. 396
Answers and Explanations	p. 397
	p. 409
Answer Key	p. 428
Answers and Explanations	p. 429
Formulas and Tables	p. 441
Glossary	p. 447
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