Lab Manual And Workbook for Physical Anthropology

by France, Diane L.

• ISBN13: 9780495093992
• ISBN10: 0495093998
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-09-26
• Publisher: Thomson-Wadsworth

Summary

Preface. 1. Genetics. 2. Biological Classification. 3. Human Osteology. 4. Human Growth & Development. 4. Comparison of the Skeletons of Quadrupeds, Bipeds, and Brachiators. 5. Comparing the Living Primates. 6. Observation of Living Primate Behavior and Morphology. 7. Early Evolution of Primates in the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene. 8. Miocene Hominoid Evolution. 9. The Early Hominids. 10. The Genus Homo. 11. Anthropometry, Nonmetric Traits, Dermatoglyphics. 12. Human Skeletal Variation and Forensic Anthropology. Appendix A: Comparison Chart of Fossil Hominids.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Supplements for Instructors	xv
Genetics	1	(46)
Objectives	1	(1)
Basic Genetics	1	(2)
DNA Replication	3	(1)
Mitosis	4	(1)
Meiosis	4	(2)
Sources of Variability	6	(1)
Solving Genetics Problems	6	(3)
Survey of Some Genetic Traits	9	(6)
Exercise 1.1 Gamete Formation	11	(1)
Exercise 1.2 Phenotype Summary	12	(1)
Exercise 1.3 Genotype Formations	13	(2)
Pedigree Analysis	15	(1)
Sex Linkage	16	(5)
Exercise 1.4 Pedigree Exercises	19	(2)
Blood Typing	21	(4)
Exercise 1.5 Blood-Type Genetics	23	(2)
Evolution and the Hardy--Weinberg Formula	25	(8)
Exercise 1.6 Population Genetics	31	(2)
Probability	33	(1)
Assortative Mating	34	(1)
Migration or Gene Flow (Hybridization)	35	(1)
Genetic Drift and Founder Effect	36	(1)
DNA Typing	37	(9)
Exercise 1.7 Population Genetics and DNA Typing	43	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	46	(1)
Biological Classification	47	(12)
Objectives	47	(1)
Introduction	47	(3)
General Mammalian Classification	50	(1)
Primate Classification	51	(7)
Exercise 2.1 Biological Classification	53	(5)
Reexamining the Issues	58	(1)
Human Osteology	59	(34)
Objectives	59	(1)
Introduction	59	(6)
Bones of the Skull	65	(7)
Postcranial Bones	72	(20)
Exercise 3.1 The Human Skeleton	87	(5)
Reexamining the Issues	92	(1)
Growth and Development	93	(18)
Objectives	93	(1)
Introduction	93	(2)
Dental and Skeletal Development from the Fetus to the Adult	95	(10)
A Final Comment	105	(5)
Exercise 4.1 Growth and Development	107	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	110	(1)
Comparison of the Skeletons of Quadrupeds, Bipeds, and Brachiators	111	(24)
Objectives	111	(1)
The Vertebral Column	111	(3)
The Cranium	114	(2)
The Pelvis	116	(1)
The Limbs	117	(11)
Measurements and Indices	128	(6)
Exercise 5.1 Comparison of Skeletons	131	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	134	(1)
Comparing the Living Primates	135	(14)
Objectives	135	(1)
Introduction	135	(3)
Postcranial Comparisons and Locomotion	138	(3)
Dental Trends through Primate Evolution	141	(7)
Exercise 6.1 Comparing Extant Primates	145	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	148	(1)
Observation of Living Primate Behavior and Morphology	149	(10)
Objectives	149	(1)
Introduction	149	(1)
Behavior Categories	150	(1)
Sampling Techniques	150	(7)
Exercise 7.1 Classification, Morphology, and Locomotion	153	(2)
Exercise 7.2 Primate Observation	155	(1)
Exercise 7.3 Checklist of Primate Behaviors	156	(1)
Reexamining the Issues	157	(2)
Early Evolution of Primates in the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene	159	(16)
Objectives	159	(1)
Introduction	159	(1)
Evolutionary Theory	159	(1)
Paleocene (65-55 M.Y.A.)	160	(1)
Eocene (55-34 M.Y.A.)	161	(4)
Oligocene (34-22.5 M.Y.A.)	165	(9)
Exercise 8.1 Early Evolution of Primates	169	(5)
Reexamining the Issues	174	(1)
Miocene Hominid Evolution	175	(14)
Objectives	175	(1)
The Biomolecular Data	176	(2)
The Molecular Clock	178	(1)
The Fossil Data	178	(2)
The Early Miocene	180	(1)
The Middle and Late Miocene	181	(7)
Exercise 9.1 Miocene Hominoid Evolution	185	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	188	(1)
The Early Hominids	189	(14)
Objectives	189	(1)
Introduction	190	(1)
East African Hominids	190	(4)
The South African Australopithecines	194	(1)
Comparison of East and South African Pliocene Fossils	195	(7)
Exercise 10.1 The Early Hominids	197	(5)
Reexamining the Issues	202	(1)
The Genus Homo	203	(20)
Objectives	203	(1)
Introduction	203	(8)
Homo rudolfensis	204	(1)
Homo habilis	204	(1)
Homo ergaster	205	(1)
Homo erectus	206	(2)
Homo heidelbergensis	208	(1)
Archaic homo sapiens	208	(2)
Homo floresiensis	210	(1)
Modern homo sapiens	211	(11)
Exercise 11.1 The Genus Homo	213	(9)
Reexamining the Issues	222	(1)
Anthropometry, Nonmetric Traits, and Dermatoglyphics	223	(28)
Objectives	223	(1)
Statistical Tests	224	(2)
Metric Analysis	226	(2)
Measurement Descriptions	228	(5)
Exercise 12.1 Measurement Record	231	(2)
Osteometry	233	(10)
Exercise 12.2 Metrics and Statistical Analysis	239	(4)
Nonmetric Traits	243	(1)
Nonmetric Trait Frequencies	244	(1)
Recording Form	245	(2)
Exercise 12.3 Nonmetric Analysis	245	(2)
Dermatoglyphics	247	(3)
Exercise 12.4 Dermatoglyphics	249	(1)
Reexamining the Issues	250	(1)
Abnormalities in the Skeleton: Pathology, Anomalies, and Intentional Modification	251	(22)
Objectives	251	(1)
Introduction	251	(1)
Pathology	252	(12)
Anomalies	264	(1)
Intentional Modification	265	(7)
Exercise 13.1 Abnormalities in the Skeleton	269	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	272	(1)
Human Skeletal Variation and Forensic Anthropology	273	(52)
Objectives	273	(1)
Introduction	273	(2)
The Identification Process	275	(4)
Determination of Sex	279	(5)
Determination of Age	284	(17)
Determination of Ancestry	301	(12)
Estimation of Stature	313	(1)
Further Training in Forensic Anthropology	314	(1)
Comparison of Antemortem to Postmortem Characteristics	315	(8)
Exercise 14.1 Forensic Anthropology	317	(6)
Reexamining the Issues	323	(2)
Glossary	325	(10)
Bibliography	335	(10)
Index	345