Laboratory Handbook for General Chemistry

by Griswold,Norman E.

• ISBN13: 9780534976941
• ISBN10: 0534976948
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780495018902, 9780875404912
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-04-13
• Publisher: Cengage Learning
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

To do a chemistry lab experiment students need to know how to use the equipment and to perform basic laboratory procedures, such as weighing and making volume measurements. This Handbook is designed to be an affordable, "how to" guide to basic techniques, operations, and equipment used in general chemistry laboratory courses. The Handbook can be used in conjunction with CER modular experiments, to support locally-written experiments, or to complement the techniques sections of commercial lab manuals.

Table of Contents

Safety in the Laboratory	1	(8)
General Safety Rules	1	(3)
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)	4	(1)
Disposal of Mateials	4	(1)
Inserting Glass into Corks or Rubber Stoppers	4	(2)
Fire Safety	6	(1)
Chemistry Laboratory Safety Agreement	7	(1)
Laboratory Safety Quiz	8	(1)
Glassware and General Equipment	9	(6)
Questions Regarding Laboratory Equipment	13	(2)
Weighing	15	(6)
Using a Top-Loading Balance	15	(1)
Using a Triple-Beam Balance	16	(1)
Using an Analytical Balance	17	(2)
Questions Regardind Weighing	19	(2)
Measuring Liquid Volumes	21	(10)
Graduated Cylinders	22	(1)
Pipets	22	(2)
Using Volumetric Pipets	22	(2)
Burets	24	(2)
Volumetric Flasks	26	(3)
Questions Regardiing Measuring Liquid Volumes	29	(2)
Transferring Materials	31	(6)
Transferring Solids	31	(1)
Transferring Liquids	32	(1)
Using Pipets Non-Quantitatively	32	(3)
Mixing Liauids	33	(1)
Mixing a Solid and a Liquid	33	(2)
Questions Regarding Transferring Materials	35	(2)
Heating Sources and Techniques	37	(8)
Bunsen Burner	37	(1)
Microburner	38	(1)
Hot Plate	38	(1)
Heating a Liquid	39	(1)
Heating a Solid	40	(3)
Questions Regarding Heating Sources and Techniques	43	(2)
Seperations	45	(8)
Decantation	45	(1)
Filtration	45	(3)
Gravity Filtration: Using a Conical Funnel	45	(2)
Suction Filtration: Using a Buchner Funnel	47	(1)
Centrifuging to Separate a Precipitate from a Solution	48	(3)
Questions Regarding Separations	51	(2)
Small-Scale Operations	53	(6)
Small-Scale Equipment	53	(1)
Heating Small-Scale Equipment	53	(4)
Questions Regarding Small-Scale Operations	57	(2)
Visible Spectrophotometers	59	(6)
Questions Regarding the Spectronic 20	63	(2)
Using a pH Meter	65	(4)
Calibration Procedure	66	(1)
Questions Regarding Using a pH Meter	67	(2)
Keeping a Laboratory Notebook	69	(4)
Mathematical Operations	73	(10)
Exponential Notation	73	(1)
Expressing Numbers Using Exponential Notation	73	(1)
Exponential Notation Using a Calculator	73	(1)
Exponential Notation Without using a Calculator	74	(1)
Questions Regarding Exponential Notation	75	(2)
Significant Figures	77	(1)
Significant Figures in Addition and Subtraction	77	(1)
Significant Figures in Multiplication and Division	77	(1)
Roundign Off Numbers	78	(1)
Rounding Off Calculated Results	78	(1)
Questions Regarding Significant Figures	79	(2)
Dealing with Measurement Errors	81	(1)
Standard Deviation	81	(2)
Representing Data and Results Using Graphs	83	(6)
Graphs	83	(1)
Equation and Slope of a Stright Line	84	(1)
Graphing Programs	85	(1)
Graphing Exercise	85	(4)
Manual Graphing	85	(1)
Microsoft® Excel 2000 Graphing	86	(3)
Appendix A: Operations with Glass	89	(4)
Cleanign Glassware	89	(1)
Working with Glass Tubing	89	(4)
Cutting Glass Tubing	89	(1)
Firepolishing Glass Tubing	89	(1)
Bending Glass Tubing	89	(2)
Preparing Glass Droppers and Pipets	91	(2)
Appendix B: Reference Tables	93	(10)
Physical Constants	93	(1)
Conversion Tables	94	(1)
Common Acids and Bases	95	(1)
General Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds in Water	95	(1)
Vapor Pressure and Temperature Data	95	(1)
Standard Reduction Potentials, Eo, in Aqueous Solutions, at 25 °X	96	(3)
Acid Ionization Constants, Ka, at 25 °C	99	(1)
Base Ionization Constants, Kb, at 25 °C	100	(1)
Solubility Product Constants, Ksp, at 25 °C	101	(2)
Appendix C: General Laboratory References	103	(2)
Index	105