Lake Michigan Passenger Steamers

by Hilton, George Woodman

• ISBN13: 9780804742405
• ISBN10: 0804742405
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-07-01
• Publisher: Stanford Univ Pr

Summary

This is the richly illustrated, definitive account of the rise, fall, and extinction of steam passenger transportation on Lake Michigan. Originating in the 1840s with the ships that brought fruit from the Michigan fruit belt to the produce markets of Chicago and Milwaukee, the industry soon expanded in response to the demands of the public for excursions from the two cities. The steamers provided a wide variety of passenger services, ranging from 38-mile excursions between Chicago and Michigan City to cruise operations the length of the lake. The most heavily utilized service was the Goodrich Line's daily excursion from Chicago to Milwaukee, usually operated with the hugeChristopher Columbus, the only passenger ship of the whaleback configuration ever built. The principal cross-lake operator was the Graham & Morton Line, which developed St. Joseph, Michigan, into what was called "Chicago's Coney Island." In general, the longer the trip, the higher the income level of the passengers. This accorded with the social stratification of Chicago: the Michigan City service of the Indiana Transportation Company largely served the poor, and the Mackinac line of the Northern Michigan Transportation Company was a facility designed for the wealthy and socially elite. The industry peaked in the early years of the twentieth century, but began to decline as early as 1911. After World War I, the rise of motor transport forced a rapid decline in the industry, a decline accelerated by the Depression, and the industry essentially expired in 1932. The cross-lake line between Milwaukee, Grand Haven, and Muskegon was an exception, always standing apart from the rest of the industry, first as a railroad connection, then as an auto ferry. It survived to 1970. The first part of the book treats the industry as a whole in five discursive chapters, accompanied by maps of the lake and major harbors. The second part consists of detailed corporate histories of the ten major operators.

Author Biography

George W. Hilton is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is the author of several books on U.S. transportation history, most recently Eastland: Legacy of the Titanic (Stanford, 1995).

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
PART 1. THE INDUSTRY
The Lake	3	(22)
Improvement of the Lake	18	(7)
Early Navigation	25	(29)
The Ships	54	(49)
Sailing Vessels	54	(5)
Paddle Steamers	59	(13)
Buffalo--Chicago Steamers	59	(2)
Early Lake Michigan Steamers	61	(1)
Detroit and Milwaukee	62	(7)
Late Paddle Steamers	69	(3)
Propeller Steamers	72	(31)
Steam Barges	83	(4)
Steel Propellers	87	(7)
Christopher Columbus	94	(9)
Traffic	103	(37)
Passenger and Fruit Traffic	103	(26)
General Cargo	129	(2)
Economic Organization	131	(9)
The Decline	140	(213)
Rise of Motor Transport	140	(8)
The La Follette Seamen's Act	148	(2)
The Eastland Disaster	150	(1)
World War I	151	(3)
Motorization of the Mosquito Fleets	154	(2)
Municipal Pier	156	(2)
The Georgian Bay Line	158	(2)
The Final Mergers	160	(17)
PART 2. CORPORATE HISTORIES
Indiana Transportation Company	177	(18)
Graham & Morton Transportation Company	195	(23)
Chicago & South Haven Steamship Company	218	(18)
Crawford Transportation Company	236	(8)
Holland & Chicago Transportation Company	244	(11)
Goodrich Transit Company	255	(23)
The Milwaukee Cross-Lake Ferry Line	278	(17)
Pere Marquette Line Steamers	295	(9)
Northern Michigan Transportation Company	304	(12)
Hart Steamboat Line	316	(9)
APPENDIXES
The Great Lakes System of Commands	325	(1)
Fleet Lists	326	(27)
Index	353