Land Use in a Nutshell

by Wright, Robert R.; Paust; Gitelman, Morton

• ISBN13: 9780314238597
• ISBN10: 031423859X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Use this compact reference for a condensed study of the subject matter contained in most leading land use casebooks. Text provides coverage of common-law controls, private law devices, planning processes, land development regulation, zoning, and taxation. The last chapter addresses new influencing considerations in land use, such as energy and space.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Table of Cases	iii
The Control of Land Use: An Overview	1	(10)
The Past	1	(4)
The Contrast of the 19th and 20th Centuries	5	(3)
The Inheritance	8	(1)
The Present	8	(3)
Common Law Controls on the Use of Land	11	(21)
Generally	11	(1)
Background of the Law of Waste	11	(2)
Types of Waste	13	(1)
Voluntary Waste	13	(2)
Permissive Waste	15	(1)
Remedies	15	(1)
Background of the Law of Nuisance	16	(1)
Public and Private Nuisances	17	(2)
Nuisances Per Se and Per Accidens	19	(1)
Nuisances in Rural Areas	19	(3)
Nuisances in Residential Areas or on the Urban Fringe	22	(4)
Nuisances in Commercial and Industrial Areas	26	(1)
Public Facilities	27	(1)
Nuisances in Zoned Areas	28	(2)
Nuisance Doctrine and Environmental Regulation	30	(1)
Trespass or Nuisance	30	(1)
Other Judicial Controls on Land	31	(1)
Private Law Devices	32	(21)
Generally	32	(1)
Defeasible Fees	32	(1)
Easements Compared to Covenants	33	(3)
Easements Appurtenant and in Gross	36	(1)
Implied and Prescriptive Easements	37	(1)
Equitable Servitudes and Restrictive Covenants: Generally	38	(1)
Real Covenants Running with the Land	39	(1)
Equitable Servitudes	40	(1)
``Inquiry'' Notice of Restrictions	41	(2)
Restrictions as Constituting an Interest in Land	43	(1)
Construction of Restrictive Covenants	44	(1)
The Effect of Parol Representations Regarding Covenants	45	(1)
Standing to Enforce Restrictions	46	(1)
Enforcement	47	(1)
Termination of Restrictive Covenants	48	(2)
Modification or Waiver	50	(3)
The Planning Process, the Master Plan and the Official Map	53	(29)
Background	53	(1)
Content of the Master Plan	54	(1)
Legal Effect of the Master Plan	55	(2)
The Official Map	57	(3)
State and Regional Planning	60	(5)
Local Planning	65	(2)
National Planning	67	(3)
Publicly Owned Land	70	(1)
New Towns	71	(5)
The Planners	76	(3)
The Legal Status of Planners	79	(3)
Regulation of Land Development	82	(67)
Property Rights and the Police Power	82	(4)
Compensation or Damages for Unconstitutional Land use Regulation	86	(4)
The Nuisance Exception as to Total Takings	90	(2)
Post-Lucas Considerations	92	(3)
Other Remedies---42 U.S.C.A. § 1983	95	(4)
Regulation of Flood Plains, Wetlands and Open Lands	99	(12)
Regulation of Urban Growth	111	(12)
Environmental Controls and the Land Development Process	123	(3)
Subdivision Regulations	126	(5)
Subdivision Exactions	131	(12)
The Nollan and Dolan Cases and Subdivision Exactions	143	(3)
Antitrust Issues in Development Decisions	146	(3)
Eminent Domain and the Police Power	149	(31)
Introduction	149	(4)
Historical Antecedents	153	(2)
Public Use and Public Purpose	155	(2)
Determining ``Just Compensation'': The Fair Market Value Rule	157	(2)
Determining Fair Market Value	159	(5)
Compensation and Compensable Interests	164	(2)
Consequential Damages	166	(2)
Inverse Condemnation	168	(2)
Police Power or a Taking?	170	(10)
Zoning	180	(39)
Background	180	(2)
Enabling Acts and Zoning Ordinances	182	(2)
Spot Zoning	184	(2)
Zoning Amendments	186	(2)
Contract or Conditional Rezoning	188	(3)
Variances	191	(3)
Special Exceptions and Special Use or Conditional use Permits	194	(3)
Floating Zones	197	(2)
Planned Unit Developments and Cluster Zones	199	(3)
Buffer or Transition Zones	202	(1)
Judicial Review of Zoning	203	(4)
Nonconforming Uses	207	(4)
Popular Involvement: The Initiative and the Referendum and Consent by the Neighbors	211	(2)
Intergovernmental Zoning Conflicts	213	(6)
Zoning and Discrimination	219	(45)
Exclusionary Zoning	219	(36)
Inclusionary Zoning	255	(9)
Aesthetics and Preservation of Historical and Cultural Resources	264	(13)
Introduction	264	(1)
Sign and Billboard Regulations	264	(4)
The Appearance of Structures: Architectural Considerations	268	(2)
Junkyards	270	(1)
Historic Districts	270	(2)
Landmark Preservation	272	(1)
Transfer of Development Rights	273	(4)
Natural Resources	277	(9)
Introduction	277	(1)
Restrictions on Removal of Earth	277	(1)
Agriculture	278	(2)
Forests	280	(1)
Coastlines and Beaches	281	(3)
Rivers and Streams	284	(1)
Other Regulatory Activities	285	(1)
Environmental Controls	286	(21)
Introduction	286	(1)
National Environmental Policy Act	287	(3)
Judicial Review	290	(1)
Federal Pollution Legislation	291	(2)
Hazardous Waste	293	(2)
Endangered Species	295	(5)
Other Recent Federal Concerns	300	(2)
State Legislation	302	(1)
The Impact of Environmental Considerations	302	(3)
The Future of Environmental Controls	305	(2)
Taxation and the Control of Land Use	307	(15)
Introduction	307	(1)
The Property Tax in General	307	(2)
The Effect of Zoning and Subdivision Restrictions	309	(2)
Regional Taxation	311	(3)
Taxation Which Regulates Urban Growth	314	(3)
Integration of Land Use and Tax Policies	317	(1)
A Summary of Problems with the Property Tax	318	(1)
Recapture of Unearned Increment	319	(1)
Federal Taxing and Spending	320	(2)
New Influencing Considerations: Energy and Space	322	(15)
Introduction	322	(2)
Airspace Utilization in American Cities	324	(3)
Utilization of Underground Space	327	(1)
Public Controls on Use of Space	328	(1)
Energy Consumption and Land Planning	329	(2)
The Energy Problem and the Environmentalists	331	(2)
Control of Land and the Equitable Balances	333	(4)
Index	337