Landfill Bioreactor Design & Operation

by Reinhart; Debra R.

• ISBN13: 9781566702591
• ISBN10: 1566702593
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-09-23
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Using biotechnology to help control and recirculate landfill by-products can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides readers with information that supports the utility of landfill biore-actors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology.-- Describes the advantages of biore-actor technology -- accelerated waste stabilization rates, enhanced gas production, facilitated leachate management, volume reduction, and minimized long-term liability-- Brings together information that will help creators of future biore-actor systems benefit from the lessons gained from previous work-- Uses case studies to describe design and operation issues and to discuss the potential of landfill mining as a method to recover treated waste materials and to reuse bioreactor cells-- Provides drawings, tables, and references that aid the reader in making difficult decisions about waste management

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 -- Introduction	1	(6)
Scope and Objectives	1	(1)
The Evolution of Landfills for Waste Management	2	(1)
Landfills as Bioreactors	3	(1)
Regulatory Status	4	(1)
Organization of the Book	5	(2)
Chapter 2 -- Modern Landfill Fundamentals	7	(18)
Introduction	7	(1)
Overview of Modern Sanitary Landfills	7	(2)
Landfill Containment Systems	9	(4)
Compacted Soil Barrier Layers	10	(1)
Synthetic Barrier Layers	10	(1)
Liner Systems	11	(1)
Cap Systems	12	(1)
Collection and Control of Leachate	13	(1)
Leachate Generation	13	(1)
Leachate Collection and Storage	14	(1)
Leachate and Gas Management at MSW Landfills	15	(8)
The Landfill as a Biological System	16	(2)
Characteristics of Leachate	18	(2)
Leachate Treatment and Disposal	20	(1)
Characteristics and Generation of Landfill Gas	20	(1)
Landfill Gas Control	21	(1)
Waste Decomposition and Landfill Settlement	22	(1)
Landfill Operation Strategies	23	(2)
Chapter 3 -- Landfill Bioreactor Studies	25	(36)
Laboratory Scale Studies	25	(7)
Georgia Institute of Technology Experiment I	25	(2)
University of Louisville Experiment	27	(1)
Federal Republic of Germany Experiment	28	(2)
Newcastle University Experiment	30	(1)
Georgia Institute of Technology Experiment II	31	(1)
Pilot-Scale Bioreactor Studies	32	(13)
Sonoma County, California	32	(1)
Georgia Institute of Technology Study	33	(3)
Mountain View Landfill, California	36	(1)
Binghamton, New York	37	(1)
Breitenau Landfill, Australia	38	(5)
Broghborough, United Kingdom	43	(2)
SORAB Test Cells	45	(1)
Full-Scale Landfill Bioreactor Studies	45	(12)
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania	45	(7)
Seamer Carr Landfill, United Kingdom	52	(2)
German Experiences	54	(2)
Bornhausen Landfill, Germany	56	(1)
Summary	57	(4)
Chapter 4 -- Full-Scale Experiences with Bioreactor Landfills -- Case Studies	61	(24)
Introduction	61	(1)
Southwest Landfill, Alachua County, Florida	61	(3)
Central Facility Landfill, Worcester County, Maryland	64	(3)
Winfield Landfill, Columbia County, Florida	67	(2)
Pecan Row Landfill, Lowndes County, Georgia	69	(3)
Lower Mount Washington Valley Secure Landfill, Conway, New Hampshire	72	(1)
Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority Landfill, Craven County, North Carolina	72	(2)
Lemons Landfill, Stoddard County, Missouri	74	(3)
Mill Seat Landfill, Monroe County, New York	77	(2)
Yolo County Landfill, California	79	(1)
Additional Full-Scale Efforts	80	(5)
Chapter 5 -- The Hydrodynamics of Leachate Recirculating Landfills	85	(20)
Introduction	85	(1)
Leachate Generation	85	(5)
Leachate Quality	85	(1)
Predicting Leachate Quality	85	(1)
Internal Storage of Leachate	86	(4)
Moisture Movement	90	(1)
Unsaturated Leachate Flow	91	(6)
Unsaturated Flow Characteristics	92	(4)
Values of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Landfills	96	(1)
Mathematical Modeling of Leachate Recirculation	97	(2)
Trench Modeling	98	(1)
Vertical Infiltration Well Modeling	98	(1)
Model Results	98	(1)
Leachate Recirculation Field Testing	99	(6)
Chapter 6 -- The Impact of Leachate Recirculation of Leachate and Gas Characteristics	105	(12)
Introduction	105	(1)
Leachate Characteristics of Recirculating Landfills	105	(8)
Fate and Transport of Priority Pollutants	106	(3)
Comparison of Waste Stabilization Rates	109	(4)
Leachate Treatment Implications	113	(1)
Leachate Quantities	114	(1)
Gas Production	115	(2)
Chapter 7 -- Landfill Bioreactor Design	117	(20)
Introduction	117	(1)
Liner/Leachate Collection System	117	(1)
Leachate Storage	118	(4)
Impact of Storage on Offsite Leachate Management	119	(1)
Storage Sizes	120	(2)
Leachate Reintroduction Systems	122	(6)
Prewetting of Waste	123	(2)
Leachate Spraying	125	(1)
Surface Ponds	125	(1)
Vertical Injection Wells	126	(1)
Horizontal Subsurface Introduction	126	(2)
Leachate Recirculation System Design	128	(3)
Horizontal Trenches	128	(1)
Vertical Recharge Wells	129	(1)
Design Approach	130	(1)
Final and Intermediate Caps	131	(1)
Gas Collection	132	(1)
Cell Construction	133	(1)
Construction Costs	134	(1)
Summary	134	(3)
Chapter 8 -- Landfill Bioreactor Operation	137	(18)
Introduction	137	(1)
Waste Characterization	137	(2)
Waste Composition	137	(1)
Waste Physical Properties	138	(1)
Oxidation Reduction Conditions	139	(1)
Moisture Content	140	(1)
Recirculation Strategies	141	(2)
Leachate Recirculation Frequency	141	(1)
Extent of Leachate Recirculation	142	(1)
Effects of Waste Placement Rate	143	(1)
Use of Old Cells	143	(5)
Bioreactor Augmentation	148	(1)
Temperature Control	148	(1)
Nutrients	148	(1)
Buffering	149	(1)
Inoculation	149	(1)
Daily and Intermediate Covers	149	(1)
Settlement	150	(1)
Monitoring	151	(2)
When is the Waste Stable?	153	(2)
Chapter 9 -- Materials Recovery and Reuse from Bioreactor Landfills	155	(14)
Introduction	155	(1)
Landfill Treatment and Reclamation Strategies	156	(2)
Benefits of Bioreactor Landfill Treatment and Reclamation	156	(1)
Conceptual Operation Approach	157	(1)
Mass Balance Design for Landfill Reclamation	158	(3)
Bioreactor Landfill Unit Sizing	158	(1)
The Amount and Composition of Reclaimed Material	159	(2)
Methods of Landfill Reclamation	161	(2)
Previous Experience with Landfill Reclamation	163	(3)
Collier Country, Florida	163	(1)
Edinburgh, New York	164	(1)
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania	165	(1)
Use of Reclaimed Materials	166	(1)
Future Directions for Bioreactor Landfills	167	(2)
References	169	(8)
Index	177