Language Awareness : Readings for College Writers

by Paul Eschholz, Alfred Rosa, Virginia Clark

• ISBN13: 9780312197681
• ISBN10: 0312197683
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Trade Paper
• Copyright: 2000-05-05
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
The Writing Process	1	(14)
Prewriting	2	(10)
Understand Your Writing Assignment	2	(1)
Determine Your Purpose	3	(1)
Know Your Audience	4	(1)
Find a Subject and Topic	5	(1)
Use Discovery Techniques	6	(3)
Formulate a Thesis Statement	9	(1)
Use One or More Strategies of Development	10	(1)
Determine Your Organization	11	(1)
Writing Your First Draft	12	(1)
Revising	13	(1)
Editing and Proofreading	14	(1)
Writing From Experience	15	(10)
Generating Ideas from Experience	16	(1)
Using Experience with a Purpose	17	(2)
Use Personal Experience to Express Feelings or Ideas	17	(1)
Use Personal Experience to Inform Your Readers	18	(1)
Use Personal Experience to Persuade Your Readers	19	(1)
Writing from Experience: A Sample Student Essay
``The `Negro Revolt' in Me''	19	(6)
Rebekah Sandlin
Writing From Reading	25	(12)
Reading Actively	25	(1)
Getting the Most Out of Your Reading	26	(6)
Read and Reread	26	(1)
Ask Yourself Questions	27	(1)
Annotate the Text	27	(1)
Actively Read an Essay: Leslie Savan's ``Yadda, Yadda, Yadda''	28	(4)
Writing from Reading: A Sample Student Essay	32	(1)
``Catching the Wave of the '90s: Cynical Speech''	33	(4)
Sara Daniels
Writing From Research	37	(26)
Using Print Sources	38	(2)
Preview Print Sources	38	(1)
Develop a Working Bibliography	39	(1)
Evaluate Print Sources	39	(1)
Using Internet Sources	40	(3)
Preview Internet Sources	40	(1)
Develop a Working Bibliography	41	(1)
Evaluate Internet Sources	41	(2)
Taking Notes	43	(4)
Summary	43	(1)
Paraphrase	44	(2)
Direct Quotation	46	(1)
Notes from Internet Sources	47	(1)
Integrating Borrowed Material into Your Text	47	(2)
Documenting Sources	49	(6)
In-Text Citations	50	(1)
List of Works Cited	51	(4)
A Note on Plagiarism	55	(1)
Writing from Research: An Annotated Student Essay	56	(1)
``The English-Only Movement: Can America Proscribe Language with a Clean Conscience?''	56	(7)
Jake Jamieson
Coming To Terms With Language	63	(68)
Discovering Language
Coming to an Awareness of Language	63	(6)
Malcolm X
It Pays to Enrich Your Word Power [quiz]	66	(3)
Reader's Digest
The Day Language Came into My Life	69	(5)
Helen Keller
Sniglets [humor]	72	(2)
Rich Hall
Talking in the New Land	74	(12)
Edite Cunha
Like Lesser Gods [novel]	84	(2)
Mari Tomasi
What Language is
What Is Language?	86	(10)
Victoria Fromkin
Robert Rodman
Master of All Masters [folktale]	94	(2)
Joseph Jacob
Language and Thought	96	(8)
Susanne K. Langer
Signs or Symbols? [graphics]	101	(3)
A Brief History of English	104	(12)
Paul Roberts
Under the Tuscan Sun [memoir]	114	(2)
Frances Mayes
The Prescriptive Tradition	116	(8)
David Crystal
The Elements of Style [language advice]	122	(2)
William Strunk Jr.
E. B. White
Language in Use: Two Short Stories
The Story of the Arrowmaker	124	(4)
N. Scott Momaday
Snow	128	(3)
Julia Alvarez
Writers on Writing	131	(48)
Writing: The Transaction
What Happens When People Write?	131	(8)
Maxine Hairston
No Wonder You Can't Write [cartoon]	137	(2)
Stan Hunt
Writing for an Audience	139	(5)
Linda Flower
Corporate Systems Center, Clone, Test or Repair Any Hard Drive [advertisement]	142	(2)
The Case for Short Words	144	(6)
Richard Lederer
Verbs with Verve [humor]	147	(3)
Richard Lederer
How to Write with Style	150	(5)
Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
Style [poem]	154	(1)
James Hayford
Revising and Editing
Simplicity	155	(6)
William Zinsser
draft of Simplicity [editing]	158	(3)
William Zinsser
The Maker's Eye: Revising Your Own Manuscripts	161	(8)
Donald M. Murray
Living Like Weasels [nonfiction]	166	(3)
Annie Dillard
Case in Point: A Discussion of Usage
Its Academic, or Is It?	169	(3)
Charles R. Larson
Like I Said, Don't Worry	172	(3)
Patricia T. O'Conner
A Rarity: Grammar Lessons from Dad	175	(4)
Robert T. Klose
Names and Naming	179	(64)
Personal Names: Making Family Connections
Naming Names: The Eponym Craze	179	(6)
Cullen Murphy
Some Frenchmen [poem]	183	(2)
John Updike
``Hey, Cono!''	185	(7)
Charles Gasparino
Borrowed Words [list]	189	(3)
Kate Monk
A World without Surnames	192	(10)
J. N. Hook
Refusal to Use Name Is the Ultimate Insult [advice column]	200	(2)
Ann Landers
What's in a Name?	202	(6)
Bonnie Wach
Naming Names [report]	206	(2)
Lois B. Morris
The Names of Women	208	(7)
Louise Erdrich
Show-Business Names [list]	213	(2)
Names of Institutions and Things
Giving Things Names	215	(10)
S. I. Hayakawa
Alan R. Hayakawa
Sorting Heads [visual exercise]	222	(3)
Rah, Rah, Ruffians!	225	(5)
Bil Gilbert
Street Characters, Inc., Inanimated Objects [Web page]	228	(2)
Case in Point: How the Business World Uses Names
A Name So Smooth, the Product Glides In	230	(4)
J. C. Herz
Why Big Businesses Break Spelling Rules	234	(9)
Alleen Pace Nilsen
Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Language	243	(66)
The Nature of Prejudicial Language
The Language of Prejudice	243	(12)
Gordon Allport
New York Times, UN Group Urges Dropping of Words with Racist Tinge [newspaper clipping]	253	(2)
Words with Built-in Judgments	255	(9)
S. I. Hayakawa
Alan R. Hayakawa
Racist Language, Real and Imagined [op-ed]	261	(3)
Steven Pinker
The Borders of Words	264	(8)
Larry Smith
Buddhist Psychology [interview]	269	(3)
Jack Kornfield
Language, Race, and Gender
The Meanings of a Word	272	(6)
Gloria Naylor
An Essay on a Wickedly Powerful Word [nonfiction]	275	(3)
Keith Woods
``I'll Explain It to You'': Lecturing and Listening	278	(17)
Deborah Tannen
Gender Communication Awareness [memo]	292	(3)
P. J. Poole
Gender Wars in Cyberspace	295	(7)
Nathan Cobb
Gender and Democracy in Computer-Mediated Communication [dialogue]	300	(2)
S. C. Herring
Language in Use: The Language of Unity
I Have a Dream	302	(5)
Martin Luther King Jr.
And Ain't I a Woman?	307	(2)
Sojourner Truth
Language And Culture	309	(88)
The Language-Culture Connection
Shakespeare in the Bush	309	(13)
Laura Bohannan
Talking the Talk [definitions]	319	(3)
Lizette Alvarez
Are Accents Out? Hey, Dude, Like NEH-oh Way!	322	(9)
Patrick Cooke
Point of View [nonfiction]	329	(2)
Marguerite Wolf
English Belongs to Everybody	331	(7)
Robert Macneil
Paragraphs of Buzzwords Buzz Loudly [parody]	335	(3)
G. Jay Christensen
A Mosaic of Cultures in Language
Black Children, Black Speech	338	(10)
Dorothy Z. Seymour
Linguistics Society of America, Resolution on the Oakland ``Ebonics'' Issue [document]	346	(2)
Endangered Languages	348	(6)
Katharine Whittemore
Some Basics of Indigenous Language Revitalization [nonfiction]	351	(3)
Jon Reyhner
The Language We Know	354	(11)
Simon Ortiz
Acoma Opposition to the El Malpais National Monument [argument]	362	(3)
Karen M. Strom
The Dilemma of Black English	365	(6)
Ken Parish Perkins
Ebonics Discussion [student essay]	368	(3)
Simone Brown
Southernisms Are as Numerous as Fleas on a Lazy, Old Mutt	371	(7)
Michael Lollar
As Strong as a Moose: New England Expressions [humor]	375	(3)
Wolfgang Meider
Case in Point: The English-Only Controversy
Should English Be the Law?	378	(10)
Robert D. King
Bilingualism in America: English Should Be the Only Language	388	(9)
I. Hayakawa
Language and the Media	397	(68)
Finding the Truth in the News
Selection, Slanting, and Charged Language	397	(12)
Newman P. Birk
Genevieve B. Birk
Newseek, Passionate Responses [letters to the editor]	406	(3)
Read All about It! (But Don't Believe It)	409	(6)
Caryl Rivers
Women Aren't Guys [letter to the editor]	413	(2)
Nancy Stevens
The Bias of Language, the Bias of Pictures	415	(11)
Neil Postman
Steve Powers
Snapshot [photograph]	424	(2)
The Language of Entertainment
It's Up Close and Misleading	426	(6)
Rita Braver
Sick and Inspired and David Ansen, Take That! [movie reviews]	429	(3)
Richard Corliss
Information Piease	432	(5)
Caryn James
Stop the Tape! [cartoon]	435	(2)
John McPherson
Talk Shows and the Dumbing of America	437	(9)
Tom Shachtman
The Word-a-Day Vocabulary Builder [nonfiction]	444	(2)
Bergen Evans
Language in Use: The Passing of Joe Dimaggio
Joe DiMaggio: No Ordinary Joe	446	(3)
Ron Fimrite
The Joe DiMaggio Nobody Knew	449	(11)
Richard Ben Cramer
Left and Gone Away: Joe DiMaggio (1914--1999)	460	(5)
Paul Gray
Doublespeak, Euphemism, and Jargon	465	(60)
Jargon
Airline English: Why Flight Attendants Talk Like That	465	(7)
Cullen Murphy
Mechanix Illustrated [parody]	468	(4)
Tom Kock
She's Your Basic L.O.L. in N.A.D.	472	(5)
Perri Klass
Thumpety Thump [cartoon]	475	(2)
John McPherson
Getting High on Classified Dreams	477	(4)
Kate Klise
A Cozy Eat-In Kitchen [cartoon]	479	(2)
Jeff Danziger
Political Correctness
Who Said PC Is Passe?	481	(7)
John Leo
Language Police [cartoon]	486	(2)
Stuart Carlson
Big Brother Is Listening	488	(10)
Ethan Bronner
It Certainly Is Crazy, But Is It Really Politically Incorrect? [newspaper column]	495	(3)
Mike Royko
Doublespeak and Euphemism
The World of Doublespeak	498	(13)
William Lutz
Valentine's Shopping and Mike Peters, Exit Strategy [cartoons]	509	(2)
Jeff Stahler
The E Word	511	(7)
Cullen Murphy
Language for Parent Interviews and Report Cards	515	(3)
Terence Moran
Language in Use: Parodies of Jargon and Political Correctness
Little Miss Muffet Conference	518	(3)
Russell Baker
Little Red Riding Hood	521	(4)
James Finn Garner
The Language of Persuasion: Politics and Advertising	525	(84)
The Language of Politics
Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled	525	(14)
Donna Woolfolk Cross
U.S. Postal Service, Help Stamp Out Breast Cancer and University of Vermont, Women Helping Battered Women [advertisements]	536	(3)
Politics and the English Language	539	(15)
George Orwell
Everyspeech [parody]	551	(3)
Robert Yoakum
Language in Use: Three Political Texts
The Declaration of Independence	554	(4)
Thomas Jefferson
Second Inaugural Address	558	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
Inaugural Address	560	(5)
John F. Kennedy
The Language of Advertising
The Hard Sell: Advertising in America	565	(19)
Bill Bryson
Intensify/Downplay and several Drinking and Driving Ads [activity]	578	(6)
Hugh Rank
Weasel Words	584	(13)
William Lutz
Defined Asset Funds [advertisement]	594	(3)
Merrill Lynch
What's Natural about Our Natural Products?	597	(7)
Sarah Federman
Campbell Soup Company, Swanson Natural Goodness Chicken Borth [label]	601	(3)
Language in Use: A Portfolio of Advertisements
U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Zip! Get Your Tax Refund in Half the Time	604	(1)
Casablanca Fan Company, Re: Westland Divorce Settlement	605	(1)
Barbara's Bakery, Shredded Spoonfuls	606	(1)
Nabisco, Snack Well's Mint Cremes	607	(2)
Glossary of Rhetorical and Linguistic Terms	609	(10)
Rhetorical Contents	619	(10)
Index of Authors and Titles	629