Language Development : An Introduction

by Robert E. Owens

• ISBN13: 9780023901911
• ISBN10: 0023901918
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1996-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Clearly written, well-organized, and comprehensive, Language Development: An Introduction is the most widely used text in its area. With its updated coverage of pre-school and school-age language development and increased coverage of multicultural issues, the new fourth edition continues its thorough coverage of the five major areas of language. Within a practical, chronological framework, Language Development: An Introduction examines every aspect of syntax, morphology, semantics, phonology, and pragmatics. It also explores early cognition and presymbolic communication -- topics not often found in introductory texts -- with a chapter on language variations, a strengthened chapter on learning and teaching language, and a renewed emphasis on pragmatics. The author presents even the most complex, technical concepts at an appropriate level for beginning students. In doing so, he has created a text that will be useful to future parents, educators, psychologists, and speech-language pathologists.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
1 The Territory	2	(26)
Chapter Objectives	3	(2)
This Text and You	5	(1)
Speech, Language, and Communication	6	(8)
Speech	7	(1)
Language	8	(3)
Communication	11	(3)
Properties of Language	14	(3)
Language as a Social Tool	14	(1)
A Rule-Governed System	14	(2)
A Generative System	16	(1)
Components of Language	17	(8)
Syntax	18	(2)
Morphology	20	(1)
Phonology	21	(1)
Semantics	22	(1)
Pragmatics	23	(2)
Relationship of Language Components	25	(1)
Conclusion	25	(2)
Reflections	27	(1)
2 Language-Development Models	28	(38)
Chapter Objectives	29	(2)
Behavioral Theory	31	(4)
Operant Conditioning	31	(3)
Limitations	34	(1)
Contributions	35	(1)
Psycholinguistic Theory: A Syntactic Model	35	(12)
Biological Basis	35	(1)
Primate Studies: Do Other Species Have Language?	36	(1)
Linguistic Processing	36	(6)
Language Acquisition	42	(1)
Limitations	42	(1)
Contributions	43	(1)
Government-Binding Theory	44	(3)
Psycholinguistic Theory: A Semantic/Cognitive Model	47	(8)
Case Grammer: A Beginning	47	(2)
The Semantic Revolution	49	(3)
Language Development	52	(2)
Limitations	54	(1)
Contributions	55	(1)
Socialinguistic Theory	55	(8)
Speech-Act Theory	57	(2)
Language Acquisition	59	(3)
Limitations	62	(1)
Contributions	62	(1)
Conclusion	63	(1)
Reflections	64	(2)
3 Child Development	66	(42)
Chapter Objectives	67	(39)
Developmental Patterns	68	(1)
Developmental Predictability	68	(1)
Developmental Milestones	68	(1)
Developmental Opportunity	68	(1)
Developmental Phases or Periods	69	(1)
Individual Differences	69	(1)
The Developing Child	70	(1)
The New Kid in Town: Age Birth to One Month	71	(7)
The Examiner: Age One to Six Months	78	(5)
The Experimenter: Age Seven to Twelve Months	83	(7)
The Explorer: Age Twelve to Twenty-Four Months	90	(5)
The Exhibitor: Age Three to Five Years	95	(7)
The Expert: School-Age-Years	102	(4)
Conclusion	106	(1)
Reflections	107	(1)
4 Neurolinguistics	108	(20)
Chapter Objectives	109	(1)
Central Nervouse System	109	(8)
Hemispheric Asymmetry	113	(1)
Brain Maturation	114	(3)
Language Processing	117	(9)
Models of Linguistic Processing	121	(5)
Conclusion	126	(1)
Reflections	126	(2)
5 Cognitive and Perceptual Bases of Early Language	128	(28)
Chapter Objectives	129	(1)
Which Came First, Cognition or Language?	130	(3)
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development	133	(16)
Basic Theoretical Tenets	134	(2)
Cognitive Development	136	(1)
Sensorimotor Stage: Age Birth to Two Years	137	(6)
Relation of Sensorimotor Period to Language	143	(5)
Conclusion and Critique	148	(1)
Information-Processing Model	149	(2)
Early Perceptual Development	151	(3)
Distancing	153	(1)
Summary	153	(1)
Conclusion	154	(1)
Reflections	155	(1)
6 The Social and Communicative Bases of Early Language	156	(42)
Chapter Objectives	157	(3)
Development of Communication: A Chronology	160	(16)
The Newborn	160	(2)
Socialization and Early Communication: Age Birth to Six Months	162	(7)
Development of Intentionality: Age Seven to Twelve Months	169	(10)
Maternal Communication Behaviors	176	(11)
Infant-Elicited Social Behavior	178	(7)
Cultural, Socioeconomic, and Sexual Differences	185	(2)
Interactions Between Infant and Caregiver	187	(9)
Joint Reference	187	(3)
Joint Action	190	(4)
Turn-Taking	194	(1)
Situational Variations	195	(1)
Conclusion	196	(1)
Reflections	196	(2)
7 Language-Learning Processes in Young Children	198	(38)
Chapter Objectives	199	(1)
Comprehension, Production, and Cognitive Growth	200	(5)
Cognition and Language	200	(5)
Child Learning Strategies	205	(12)
Toddler Language-Learning Strategies	205	(5)
Preschool Language-Learning Strategies	210	(7)
Individual Differences	217	(1)
Adult Conversational Teaching Techniques	217	(12)
Adult Speech to Toddlers	218	(7)
Adult Conversations with Preschoolers	225	(4)
Importance of Play	229	(2)
Cultural and Social Differences	231	(3)
Conclusion	234	(1)
Reflections	234	(2)
8 A First Language	236	(36)
Chapter Objectives	237	(22)
Single-Word Utterances	238	(1)
Pragmatic Aspects of a First Language	239	(6)
Initial Lexicons	245	(4)
Meaning of Single-Word Utterances	249	(10)
Early Multiword Combinations	259	(7)
Transition: Early Word Combinations	260	(1)
Two-Word Combinations	261	(4)
Longer Utterances	265	(1)
Phonological Patterns	266	(5)
Single-Word Utterances	266	(3)
Multiword Utterances	269	(1)
Learning Units and Extension	270	(1)
Conclusion	270	(1)
Reflections	271	(1)
9 Preschool Pragmatic and Semantic Development	272	(28)
Chapter Objectives	273	(1)
Pragmatic Development	273	(16)
The Conversational Context	274	(11)
Narratives	285	(3)
Summary	288	(1)
Semantic Development	289	(7)
Relational Terms	291	(5)
Interdependence of Form, Content, and Use: Pronouns	296	(3)
Conclusion	299	(1)
Reflections	299	(1)
10 Preschool Development of Language Form	300	(42)
Chapter Objectives	301	(1)
Stages of Syntactic and Morphologic Development	302	(13)
Computing MLU	302	(2)
MLU and Stage of Development	304	(1)
Morphologic Development	305	(1)
Stage II: Brown's Fourteen Morphemes	305	(6)
Determinants of Acquisition Order	311	(1)
Other Early Morphemes	312	(2)
Morphological Rule Learning and Other Aspects of Language	314	(1)
Sentence-Form Development	314	(14)
Sentence Elements	315	(6)
Sentence Types	321	(7)
Embedding and Conjoining	328	(8)
Phrasal Embedding	329	(1)
Subordinate Clause Embedding	330	(3)
Clausal Conjoining	333	(3)
Summary	336	(1)
Phonologic Development	336	(5)
Phonological Processes	336	(5)
Conclusion	341	(1)
Reflections	341	(1)
11 School-Age and Adult Pragmatic and Semantic Development	342	(30)
Chapter Objectives	343	(27)
Pragmatic Development	346	(1)
Narratives	346	(8)
Narrative Differences	354	(1)
Conversational Abilities	354	(5)
Gender Differences	359	(4)
Summary	363	(1)
Semantic Development	363	(1)
Vocabulary Growth	363	(2)
Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Shift	365	(1)
Related Cognitive Processing	366	(2)
Figurative Language	368	(2)
Conclusion	370	(1)
Reflections	371	(1)
12 School-Age and Adult Language Form and Mode Development	372	(26)
Chapter Objectives	373	(1)
Synatactic and Morphologic Development	374	(9)
Morophologic Development	374	(2)
Noun-and Verb-Phrase Development	376	(2)
Sentence Types	378	(5)
Summary	383	(1)
Phonological Development	383	(2)
Morpohonemic Development	383	(1)
Summary	384	(1)
Metalinguistic Abilities	385	(2)
Reading and Writing: A New Mode	387	(10)
The Process of Reading	387	(3)
Reading Development	390	(3)
The Process of Writing	393	(1)
Writing Development	393	(4)
Summary	397	(1)
Conclusion	397	(1)
Reflections	397	(1)
13 Language Differences: Bidialectism and Bilingualism	393	(30)
Chapter Objectives	399	(2)
Dialects	401	(14)
Related Factors	402	(2)
American English Dialects	404	(11)
Bilingualism	415	(11)
Effects of Bilingualism on Language Learning	418	(5)
Code Switching and Development	423	(1)
Bilingualism and Cognition	424	(1)
Cultural Diversity	425	(1)
Conclusion	426	(1)
Reflections	426	(2)
14 Language Research and Analysis	428	(16)
Chapter Objectives	429	(1)
Issues in the Study of Child Language	430	(6)
Method of Data Collection	430	(1)
Sample Size and Variability	431	(2)
Naturaliness and Representativeness of the Data	433	(1)
Collection Procedures	434	(1)
Analysis Procedures	435	(1)
Cross-Language Studies	436	(1)
Examples of Child Language Data	437	(4)
Conclusion	441	(1)
Reflections	442	(2)
15 Disorders and Development	444	(5)
Chapter Objectives	445	(1)
The Development Approach	446	(3)
Appendix: American English Speech Sounds	449	(8)
Glossary	457	(10)
References	467	(58)
Subject Index	525	(10)
Author Index	535