Language Loss and the Crisis of Cognition

by K. Dallas Kenny

• ISBN13: 9783110151251
• ISBN10: 3110151251
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2012-02-13
• Publisher: De Gruyter

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(2)
Theory	3	(22)
Introduction	3	(3)
Quantifying L1 competence	6	(1)
The experimental evidence	7	(13)
A non-textual, temporal model for mapping fluency	20	(3)
Hypotheses	23	(2)
Methodology	25	(28)
Subjects	25	(4)
Interview procedure	29	(4)
Recording procedure	33	(1)
The interview questions	33	(1)
Transcription	34	(1)
Coding method	34	(4)
Classification system	38	(13)
Preparing the data for analysis	51	(1)
The linear regression model	52	(1)
Silent Pauses (SP)	53	(18)
Introduction	53	(1)
Silent Pause frequency	54	(1)
Silent Pauses/length-of-stay	55	(4)
Silent Pauses: lenght-of-stay/educational level	59	(8)
Silent pauses, aging, and the Hesitation Repertoire	67	(1)
Summary	68	(3)
Filled pauses (FP)	71	(28)
Introduction	71	(3)
Filled Pauses/length-of-stay	74	(9)
Specific FP categories/length-of-stay in US	83	(10)
Analysis	93	(6)
Language as shield: A hierarchy of guardedness	99	(16)
Introduction	99	(1)
The Guardedness Hypothesis	99	(3)
Correlations between Silent and Filled Pauses	102	(11)
Analysis	113	(2)
Verboseness and rate of speech	115	(22)
Introduction	115	(1)
Verboseness	115	(10)
Rate of Speech (ROS)	125	(9)
Analysis	134	(3)
Summary of findings for hesitations, ROS, and verboseness	137	(8)
Speech errors and repairs: the disintegration of surface structure	145	(14)
Between hesitation and linguistic code	145	(1)
Error-repair frequency	146	(9)
Analysis	155	(4)
Hesitations vs. speech errors/repairs	159	(10)
Introduction	159	(1)
Silent Pauses (SP) vs. errors/repairs	159	(2)
Filled Pauses (FP) vs. errors/repairs	161	(5)
Disfluencies at ya `ni (Y) and code-switch	166	(1)
Summary	167	(2)
Social and psychological variables	169	(62)
Introduction	169	(2)
First language skills (Arabic)	171	(8)
Second language skills (English)	179	(9)
Parents' second language ability (English)	188	(6)
Parents' reading and writing in English	194	(1)
Language contact and background	194	(6)
Contact with homeland culture	200	(5)
Loyalty to homeland culture	205	(4)
Homeland longing - permanent return to homeland	209	(3)
Homeland longing - burial wish	212	(1)
Socioeconomic milieu: neighborhood	213	(10)
Socioeconomic milieu: economic	223	(5)
Analysis	228	(3)
Conclusion	231	(4)
Appendix A: Filled Pause (FP) frequency by location	235	(1)
Appendix B: List of abbreviations	236	(3)
Appendix C: Interview questionnaire	239	(12)
Appendix D: Sample transcribed text	251	(2)
Appendix E: Sample of data base entries for hesitation codes	253	(1)
Appendix F: Errors and repairs vs. length of stay	254	(2)
Appendix G: Social variables vs. hesitations and speech errors - ``less educated''	256	(5)
Appendix H: Social variables vs. hesitations and speech errors - ``more educated''	261	(4)
Appendix I: Social variables vs. hesitations and speech errors - over-21-years-in-US	265	(5)
Appendix J: Social variables vs. hesitations and speech errors - under-14-year-in-US	270	(6)
Notes	276	(7)
References	283	(17)
Index	300