Large (C = 24) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Chemistry and Analysis

by Fetzer, John C.; Winefordner, James D.

• ISBN13: 9780471363545
• ISBN10: 0471363545
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-08-28
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the first type of chemicals that were ever discovered to cause cancer in humans. They are found in cigarette smoke, in barbecued and smoked foods, in automobile and Diesel engine exhaust, fireplace smoke, and many other common things that people are exposed to. Analyzing for PAHs in the environment is important in identifying potential sources of cancer exposure and eliminating these as risks. The smaller PAHs, those of lower than 300 molecular weight, have been the most studied and have also been covered in several books. No books have dealt with the analysis of the larger PAHs. These compounds are not only important for the health concerns, but they are also of current technological and scientific interest.

Author Biography

John C. Fetzer and James D. Winefordner are the authors of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Chemistry and Analysis, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments	ix
Cumulative Listing of Volumes in Series	xi
Introduction	1	(20)
Introduction and General Discussion	1	(3)
The Smaller Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	4	(1)
Structure and Properties	5	(2)
PAH Nomenclature	7	(8)
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Other Biological Properties of PAHs	15	(2)
Occurrence of PAHs	17	(4)
The Large PAHs	21	(46)
General Discussion	21	(4)
LPAH Properties	25	(5)
Recent LPAH Syntheses	30	(23)
Theoretical Studies of LPAHs	53	(14)
Ultraviolet/Visible Absorption Spectroscopy	67	(18)
General Characteristics of LPAH Absorbance Spectra	67	(15)
Low-Temperature Absorbance Spectroscopy	82	(3)
Fluorescence Spectroscopy	85	(42)
Introduction	85	(8)
Selective Quenching Techniques	93	(2)
Narrow Line-Width Spectra: Low-Temperature (Shpol'skii) and Other Matrix Methods	95	(13)
Synchronous Scanning Methods	108	(4)
3-Dimensional Fluorescence	112	(4)
Lifetime (Time-Resolved) Methods	116	(4)
Appendix	120	(1)
Phosphorescence Spectroscopy	120	(7)
Infrared Spectroscopy of LPAHs	127	(4)
Mass Spectrometry	131	(18)
Probe and Other Sample Introduction Techniques	131	(5)
Laser Desorption	136	(8)
Selective Ionization Techniques for Isomer Differentiation	144	(5)
Astrophysical Spectroscopy	149	(14)
Chromatography	163	(42)
Chromatographic Sample Fractionation	163	(1)
High-Temperature Gas Chromatography	164	(7)
Thin-Layer Chromatography	171	(1)
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	172	(16)
Normal-Phase HPLC	172	(1)
Reversed-Phase HPLC	172	(11)
Diode-Array and Other Full-Spectrum HPLC Detectors	183	(5)
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography	188	(2)
Chromatographic Analysis for LPAHs	190	(15)
LPAH Occurrence	205	(22)
Hydrothermal Vent Bitumens and PAH Minerals	205	(1)
Coal Tar and Pyrolytic Pitches	206	(6)
Petroleum and Its Processed Products	212	(6)
Other Combusted Material	218	(9)
Analytical Techniques for Structure Elucidation	227	(28)
X-Ray Crystallography	227	(4)
Annellation Theory	231	(8)
Polarized Light Spectroscopy	239	(3)
NMR Techniques	242	(6)
Photoelectron Spectroscopy	248	(3)
Other Techniques	251	(4)
Sample Preparation	255	(6)
Comparison of Methodologies	261	(6)
Choosing an Approach for Compositional Analysis	261	(3)
Choosing an Approach for Determining Structure	264	(3)
Appendix	267	(20)
Index	287