Latin America A Social History of the Colonial Period (with InfoTrac)

by Brown, Jonathan C.

• ISBN13: 9780534642334
• ISBN10: 0534642330
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-08-06
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This comprehensive narrative covers Latin America's pre-Colombian and colonial periods, including its civil war and struggle for independence. Brown's clear, lively prose stresses social history (as opposed to political history). The textbook presents Latin American history from the bottom up,emphasizing the stories of indigenous peoples, African slaves, and mixed-race workers and peasants. According to Brown, colonialism was a process of accommodation and conflict between numerous ethnic groups and the European settlers who took control of the land and the people. The cultural diversity and racial mixture unique to the colonial experience find ample expression in illustrations, tables, charts, and up-to-date bibliographies, as well as in the many historical documents that depict the contributions of ordinary people.

Table of Contents

PART I THE ENCOUNTER BETWEEN NATIVE AMERICANS AND EUROPEANS	1	(116)
CHAPTER 1 THE ANCIENT MESOAMERICANS	3	(34)
THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE	5	(2)
THE PRECLASSICAL PERIOD	7	(4)
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD	11	(9)
Teotihuacán	11	(3)
Monte Albán	14	(1)
The Classical Maya	15	(1)
Maya Society	16	(4)
POSTCLASSICAL CULTURES	20	(14)
The Toltec	21	(2)
The Aztec	23	(8)
Aztec Society	31	(3)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	34	(3)
Study Questions	35	(1)
Additional Reading	35	(2)
CHAPTER 2 THE ANCIENT SOUTH AMERICANS	37	(40)
THE EARLY HORIZON	39	(4)
Chavin	41	(2)
THE MIDDLE HORIZON	43	(4)
Mochica	43	(3)
Tiwanaku and Wari	46	(1)
THE LATE HORIZON	47	(10)
Chimú	48	(1)
The Inka	48	(4)
Andean Society	52	(5)
OTHER ANCIENT ANDEANS	57	(4)
Chibcha	57	(2)
Diaguita	59	(1)
Mapuche	60	(1)
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURISTS	61	(9)
The Ancient Brazilians	61	(3)
Gê	64	(1)
Tupi	64	(2)
Guarani	66	(2)
Aruak	68	(2)
THE SOUTHERN HUNTERS	70	(3)
Chaco	70	(1)
Charrúa	71	(1)
Pampas and Patagonia	72	(1)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	73	(4)
Study Questions	74	(1)
Additional Reading	74	(3)
CHAPTER 3 IBERIAN CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT	77	(40)
THE IBERIAN BACKGROUND	78	(3)
CONQUEST IN THE CARIBBEAN	81	(5)
Struggle over the Indians	84	(2)
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO	86	(9)
The Encomienda	90	(5)
THE CONQUEST OF PERU	95	(3)
Peruvian Wealth	95	(2)
The Crown and the Conquerors	97	(1)
ADDITIONAL SPANISH CONQUESTS	98	(6)
Northern South America	99	(2)
The Rio de la Plata	101	(3)
SETTLEMENT OF BRAZIL	104	(5)
The Donatory System	107	(1)
São Vicente	108	(1)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	109	(12)
Study Questions	114	(1)
Additional Reading	114	(3)
PART II ESTABLISHING THE COLONIAL SOCIAL HERITAGE	117	(136)
CHAPTER 4 COLONIAL INSTITUTIONS	121	(38)
THE ECONOMICS OF DOMINATION	123	(6)
Foreign Commerce	123	(3)
Domestic Commerce	126	(3)
FOREIGN COMPETITORS	129	(2)
The French	129	(1)
The Dutch	130	(1)
The English	131	(1)
THE COLONIAL STATE	131	(10)
Administrative Organization	133	(3)
Economic Intervention	136	(3)
Social Intervention	139	(2)
THE CHURCH	141	(12)
Missionaries	142	(4)
The Secular Clergy	146	(3)
Religious Women	149	(2)
The Inquisition	151	(2)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	153	(6)
Study Questions	155	(1)
Additional Reading	155	(4)
CHAPTER 5 THE IBERIAN-AMERICAN WORLD	159	(28)
A SOCIETY OF CASTES	161	(11)
Gente Decente	161	(1)
Gente de Pueblo	162	(4)
The Urban Environment	166	(3)
The Rural Environment	169	(3)
FAMILY PATRIARCHY	172	(9)
Women of the Gente Decente	175	(3)
Women of the Gente de Pueblo	178	(3)
LABOR SYSTEMS	181	(2)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	183	(4)
Study Questions	184	(1)
Additional Reading	184	(3)
CHAPTER 6 NATIVE AMERICANS	187	(39)
DEMOGRAPHIC DECLINE	189	(10)
Devastation and Resistance	189	(4)
Brazil	193	(3)
Plantation Slavery	196	(2)
Paraguay	198	(1)
ACCOMMODATION AND ACCULTURATION	199	(16)
Resettlement Policy	200	(2)
The Native Nobility	202	(1)
Village Organization	203	(2)
Economic Exchange	205	(2)
Proletarianization	207	(3)
Native American Catholicism	210	(5)
ADAPTATION AND RESISTANCE	215	(5)
Chile	215	(1)
Argentina	216	(2)
Northern Mexico	218	(2)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	220	(6)
Study Questions	222	(1)
Additional Reading	222	(4)
CHAPTER 7 AFRICAN AMERICANS	226	(27)
THE MIDDLE PASSAGE	228	(5)
African Origins	229	(2)
The Voyage	231	(2)
SLAVERY IN THE SPANISH AMERICAS	233	(7)
Mexico	234	(1)
Spanish South America	235	(3)
Resistance and Accommodation	238	(2)
SLAVERY IN BRAZIL	240	(7)
Plantations	241	(4)
Slave Agency	245	(2)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	247	(10)
Study Questions	250	(1)
Additional Reading	250	(3)
PART III ECONOMIC FLORESCENCE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY	253	(154)
CHAPTER 8 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SPANISH NORTH AMERICA	257	(29)
A CENTURY OF IMPERIAL REFORM	259	(1)
PRODUCTION FOR EXPORT	260	(5)
Mining	260	(3)
Spaniards and Creoles	263	(2)
DOMESTIC MARKETS	265	(9)
Urban and Rural Society	266	(1)
Manufacturing	267	(3)
Southern Mexico	270	(4)
CENTRAL AMERICA	274	(3)
THE SPANISH CARIBBEAN	277	(5)
Sugar's Difference	278	(1)
Slave Society	279	(3)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	282	(4)
Study Questions	283	(1)
Additional Reading	283	(3)
CHAPTER 9 THE WORKING PEOPLE OF MEXICO	286	(21)
PEASANTS TO PEONS	288	(4)
Peasant Resistance	288	(1)
Peonage	289	(2)
Coercion and Resistance	291	(1)
MINING WORKERS	292	(4)
Mobility and Independence	293	(3)
URBAN WORKERS	296	(4)
Mexico City Workers	296	(3)
Textile Workers	299	(1)
WORKERS AND THE STATE	300	(4)
Legal Framework	301	(3)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	304	(3)
Study Questions	305	(1)
Additional Reading	305	(2)
CHAPTER 10 THE EMERGENCE OF SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA	307	(32)
CHANGE IN THE CORE REGION	309	(4)
Mining Revival	309	(3)
Draft Labor	312	(1)
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA	313	(7)
Ecuador and Colombia	313	(2)
Colombian Gold	315	(2)
Venezuelan Cacao	317	(3)
THE SOUTHERN CONE	320	(15)
Paraguay	320	(2)
The Jesuit Problem	322	(4)
Argentina	326	(1)
Hispanic Society	327	(2)
The Pampas Indians	329	(3)
Chile	332	(1)
Chilean Rural Society	333	(2)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	335	(4)
Study Questions	336	(1)
Additional Reading	336	(3)
CHAPTER 11 REBELLION IN THE ANDES	339	(22)
THE CAUSES OF REBELLION	340	(4)
Corruption	341	(1)
Resistance	342	(1)
Repression	343	(1)
THE TÚPAC AMARU REBELLION	344	(4)
Leadership	345	(1)
Decline	346	(2)
THE TÚPAC CATARI REBELLION	348	(2)
THE COMUNERO REVOLT	350	(7)
Social Organization	350	(3)
Taxes	353	(1)
Negotiation	354	(3)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	357	(4)
Study Questions	358	(1)
Additional Reading	359	(2)
CHAPTER 12 BRAZIL'S AGE OF GOLD	361	(26)
FRONTIER SOCIETY	362	(11)
Slavery in Mining	364	(3)
Women and Mobility	367	(1)
Frontier Politics	368	(5)
GOLD'S ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT	373	(6)
Frontier Expansion	373	(2)
Renaissance on the Coast	375	(4)
THE RISE OF RIO DE JANEIRO AND SÃO PAULO	379	(4)
Slaves and Masters	380	(2)
The Free Poor	382	(1)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	383	(4)
Study Questions	384	(1)
Additional Reading	384	(3)
CHAPTER 13 THE HAITIAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION	387	(20)
PLANTATION SOCIETY	388	(7)
Slave Life	389	(5)
The Elites	394	(1)
REVOLT OF THE SLAVES	395	(5)
EPILOGUE	400	(3)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	403	(6)
Study Questions	404	(1)
Additional Reading	404	(3)
PART IV THE AGE OF REFORM AND INDEPENDENCE	407	(66)
CHAPTER 14 THE FAILURE TO AVERT THE COLONIAL CRISIS	409	(29)
IMPERIAL REFORM	410	(13)
The Bourbon Reforms	410	(3)
Free Trade	413	(1)
The Pombaline Reforms	414	(1)
Taxation	415	(4)
Church-State Relations	419	(2)
Women and Family	421	(2)
THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE CREOLES	423	(3)
Political Ideas	423	(1)
Brazilian Thought	424	(1)
Nationality	425	(1)
CRISIS OF THE COLONIAL ORDER	426	(6)
Revolution in France	429	(1)
Impact in the Colonies	429	(2)
Napoleon in Iberia	431	(1)
BREAKDOWN OF ELITE CONSENSUS	432	(3)
Conservatism of Slave Societies	432	(1)
Elite Unrest in Spanish America	433	(2)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	435	(3)
Study Questions	435	(1)
Additional Reading	436	(2)
CHAPTER 15 REVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE	438	(35)
REBELLION OF THE MEXICAN MASSES	439	(6)
The Hidalgo Revolt	439	(3)
The Morelos Rebellion	442	(3)
NATIVE REVOLT IN PERU	445	(1)
THE REVOLUTION IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA	446	(6)
Political Decentralization	446	(3)
The Popular Revolution	449	(3)
THE CONSOLIDATION OF INDEPENDENCE	452	(5)
Independence of Mexico	452	(3)
Liberation of Chile	455	(2)
THE LIBERATION OF NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA	457	(5)
Venezuela and Colombia	458	(3)
Ecuador	461	(1)
INDEPENDENCE OF PERU AND BOLIVIA	462	(4)
SLAVERY AT THE CROSSROADS	466	(2)
Brazil	466	(2)
CONCLUDING REMARKS	468	(5)
Study Questions	470	(1)
Additional Reading	470	(3)
GLOSSARY	473	(8)
CREDITS	481	(2)
INDEX	483