The Legacy Of Jihad

by BOSTOM, ANDREW G. MD

• ISBN13: 9781591023074
• ISBN10: 1591023076
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-10-25
• Publisher: Prometheus Books

Summary

The Legacy of Jihad provides a comprehensive, meticulously documented corrective to the genre of ahistorical assessments decried by Ellul. This unique, extensive compilation includes Muslim theological and juridical texts, eyewitness historical accounts by both Muslim and non-Muslim chroniclers, and essays by pre-eminent scholars analysing jihad war and the ruling conditions imposed upon the non-Muslim peoples conquered by jihad campaigns. The Legacy of Jihad reveals how, for well over a millennium, across three continents -- Asia, Africa, and Europe -- non-Muslims who were vanquished by jihad wars, became forced tributaries (called dhimmi in Arabic), in lieu of being slain. Under the dhimmi religious caste system, non-Muslims were subjected to legal and financial oppression, as well as social isolation. Extensive primary and secondary source materials, many translated here for the first time into English, are presented, making clear that jihad conquests were brutal, imperialist advances, which spurred waves of Muslims to expropriate a vast expanse of lands and subdue millions of indigenous peoples. Finally, the book examines how jihad war, as a permanent and uniquely Islamic institution, ultimately regulates the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims to this day. Scholars, educators, and interested lay readers will find this collection an invaluable resource.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	13	(2)
Introductory Quotes	15	(2)
A Note on the Cover Art	17	(3)
Foreword	20	(4)
Ibn Warraq
PART 1: JIHAD CONQUESTS AND THE IMPOSITION OF DHIMMITUDE---A SURVEY
Jihad Conquests and the Imposition of Dhimmitude---A Survey	24	(101)
PART 2: JIHAD IN THE QUR'AN AND HADITH
Jihad in the Qur'an	125	(2)
Classical and Modern Qur'anic Commentators on Qur'an 9:29	127	(9)
Jihad in the Hadith	136	(5)
PART 3: MUSLIM THEOLOGIANS AND JURISTS ON JIHAD: CLASSICAL WRITINGS
Muwatta	141	(5)
Malik b. Annas
[Untitled]	146	(1)
Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
Bidayat Al-Mudjtahid	147	(14)
Averroes
The Muqaddimah	161	(1)
Ibn Khaldun
Legal War	162	(3)
Ibn Qudama
Al-Siyasa Al-Shariyya	165	(9)
Ibn Tamiyya
Kitab Al-Kharaj	174	(8)
Abu Yusuf
Siyar	182	(2)
Shaybani
The Hidayah	184	(2)
Sheikh Burhanuddin Ali of Marghinan
Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Idris Al-Shaf'I's Al-Risala Fi Us Ul Al-Fiqh	186	(4)
Al-Shaf'i
Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah	190	(6)
Al-Mawardi
Fatawa-I Jahandari	196	(3)
Ziauddin Barani
Kitab Al-Wagiz Fi Fiqh Madhab al-Imam al-Safi'I	199	(1)
Al-Ghazali
[Untitled]	200	(2)
Sirhindi
[Untitled]	202	(3)
Shah Wali-Allah
Shara `I'U 'L-Islam	205	(8)
Al-Hilli
Jami'-I' Abbasi: Yakdawrah-I Fiqh-I	213	(3)
Muhammad al-Amili
Risala-Yi Sawa'Iq Al-Yahud	216	(5)
Muhammad Al-Majlisi
1915 Ottoman Fatwa	221	(5)
Sheikh Shawish
[Untitled]	226	(4)
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Jihad in the Cause of God	230	(18)
Sayyid Qutb
[Untitled]	248	(3)
Yusuf al-Qaradawi
PART 4: JIHAD---OVERVIEWS FROM IMPORTANT TWENTIETH-CENTURY SCHOLARS
The Jihad or Holy War According to the Malikite School	251	(16)
Edmond Fagnan
The Holy War According to Ibn Hazm of Cordova	267	(15)
Roger Arnaldez
The Law of War	282	(11)
Clement Huart
Jihad	293	(8)
W.R.W. Gardner
Classification of Persons	301	(4)
Nicolas P. Aghnides
The Law of War: The Jihad	305	(15)
Majid Khadduri
Jihad: An Introduction	320	(6)
Rudolph Peters
War and Peace in Islam	326	(17)
Bassam Tibi
Jihad and the Ideology of Enslavement	343	(11)
John Ralph Willis
The Influence of Islam	354	(14)
Jacques Ellul
PART 5: JIHAD, SEVENTH THROUGH ELEVENTH CENTURIES: SUMMARY TEXT	368	(307)
Color Insert---Color-Coded Maps: Jihad, Seventh through Eleventh Centuries; Illustrations of the Devshirme Levy, Conquest of Rhodes, and Siege of Budapest, with Descriptions
PART 6: JIHAD IN THE NEAR EAST, EUROPE, AND ASIA MINOR AND ON THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
Greek Christian and Other Accounts of the Muslim Conquests of the Near East	383	(22)
Demetrios Constantelos
The Armenian Rebellion of 703 Against the Caliphate	405	(14)
Aram Ter-Ghevondian
The Days of Razzia and Invasion	419	(14)
C. E. Dufourcq
Muslims Invade India	433	(23)
K. S. Lal
Jihad under the Turks and Jihad under the Mughals	456	(6)
K. S. Lal
Certain Phases of the Conquest of the Balkan Peoples by the Turks	462	(56)
Dimitar Angelov
A Modern Jihad Genocide	518	(7)
Andrew G. Bostom
Textbook Jihad in Egypt	525	(4)
Andrew G. Bostom
PART 7: JIHAD SLAVERY
The Origins of Muslim Slave System	529	(6)
K. S. Lal
Slave-Taking During Muslim Rule	535	(14)
K. S. Lal
Enslavement of Hindus by Arab and Turkish Invaders	549	(6)
K. S. Lal
The Impact of Devshirme on Greek Society	555	(11)
Vasiliki Papoulia
The Role of Slaves in Fifteenth-Century Turkish Romania	566	(7)
M.-M. Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru
My Career Redeeming Slaves	573	(16)
John Eibner
PART 8: MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM CHRONICLES AND EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS OF JIHAD CAMPAIGNS
Jihad Campaigns in the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Asia Minor, Georgia, and Persia---Seventh Through Seventeenth Centuries	589	(39)
Egypt, Palestine, Tripolitania (640-646)
Iraq
Iraq, Syria, and Palestine
Armenia (642)
Cyprus, the Greek Islands, and Anatolia (649--654)
Cilicia and Cesarea of Cappadocia (650)
Cappadocia, under the Caliphs Sulayman and Umar II (715--720)
Spain and France (793--860)
Anatolia---The Taking of Amorium (838)
Armenia---Under the Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847--861)
Sicily and Italy (835--851 and 884)
Jihad Capture and Pillage of Thessaloniki in 904 CE
Mesopotamia---Causes of the Invasions by the Turks (Eleventh Century)
Mesopotamia---Pillage of Melitene (Malatia) (1057)
Armenia, Anatolia, and Georgia (Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries)
Syria and Palestine (Eleventh Century)
Jihad Destruction of Edessa in 1144--1146 CE
Jihad in North Africa and Spain under the Almohads (Mid-Twelfth Century)
Jihad Conquest of Thessaloniki (1430 CE)
Jihad Conquest of Constantinople (1453 CE)
Jihad Conquest of Methone (Greece) (1499)
Jihad Campaigns in Georgia of Safavid Ruler Shah Tahmasp (d. 1576) (1540, 1546, 1551, and 1553 CE)
Deportation of the Population of Armenia by Shah Abbas I (1604)
Jihad on the Indian Subcontinent---Seventh Through Twentieth Centuries	628	(32)
Campaigns in Sind (711-712 CE) led by Muhammad bin Qasim
Jihad by Yaqub Ibn Layth against the Hindu Kingdom of Kabul, (870 CE)
Campaigns of Subuktigin of Ghazni (977-997 CE)
Mahmud of Ghazni's Conquest of Thanesar, Kanauj, and Sirsawa, near Saharanpur (1018-1019 CE)
An Almost Contemporary Account of Mahmud's Invasions of India
The Conquest of Somnat Mahmud bin Subuktigin (1025 CE)
The Conquest of Ajmer by Muhammad Ghauri (1192 CE)
Jihad Campaigns of Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316 CE)
Muslim Devastation of Buddhist Temples and Plight of the Buddhist Community in Northern India (Bihar) (Early Thirteenth Century CE)
Jihad Campaigns at the End of the Thirteenth Century and First Three Decades of the Fourteenth Century, from the Hindu Chronicle Kanhadade Prabandha
Brutality of Sultan of Ma'bar (Ghayasuddin) Witnessed by Ibn Battuta (C.1345 CE)
The Jihad Campaigns of Amir Timur (1397-1399 CE)
Jihad Campaigns of Babur (1519-1530 CE)
Jihad against Vijayanagara by Sultan Adil Shahi of Bijapur and His Allies (1565 CE)
Jihad Campaigns of Ahmad Shah Abdali [Durrani] (1757, 1760, and 1761 CE)
Jihad in Southern India (the Malabar District): The Moplah ``Rebellion'' (1921)
Jihad Slavery in the Sudan---Late Nineteenth Century	660	(4)
Ottoman Massacres of the Bulgarians in 1876	664	(3)
Jihad Genocide of the Armenians by the Ottoman Turks	667	(8)
Two Accounts of the Massacres of 1894-1896
Two Eyewitness Accounts of the Plight of the Armenians during World War I
Appendix A. Towns and Villages Ravaged during the Seljuk-Ottoman Jihad in Asia Minor, Eleventh through Fifteenth Centuries	675	(4)
Appendix B. Jihad Slave Raids (Razzias) by the Tatars, Mid-Fifteenth through Late Seventeenth Centuries	679	(3)
Appendix C. Muslim Jurists, Theologians, and Historians	682	(7)
Appendix D. Non-Muslim Historians, Authors, and Islamic Scholars	689	(3)
Major Contributors	692	(5)
Bibliography	697	(26)
Index Of Persons, Peoples, Tribes, and Institutions	723	(22)
Index of Places	745