Legal Aspects Of Managing Technology

by Burgunder,Lee B.

• ISBN13: 9780324399738
• ISBN10: 0324399731
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-10
• Publisher: South-Western College/West

Summary

Whether you plan a career in management, engineering, architecture, biology, computer science, or other field that deals with innovations in any technological field, LEGAL ASPECTS OF MANAGING TECHNOLOGY will give you the understanding of the fundamental legal issues pertinent to technology management you need to competently create strategic plans in consultation with their attorneys. Up-to-date coverage focuses on integral technology law topics, including a intellectual property rights, privacy, biotechnology, e-commerce and antitrust.

Table of Contents

An Overview of the Technology Policy Environment in the United States	1	(26)
Introduction	1	(2)
The Intellectual Property System	3	(8)
Patents	6	(1)
Copyrights	6	(1)
Trade Secrets	7	(1)
Trademarks	8	(3)
The Public Policy Process in the United States	11	(9)
The Power Struggle: Federal versus State	11	(2)
How Intellectual Property Policies Are Made in the United States	13	(4)
The Expanding Scope of Intellectual Property Protection	17	(3)
The Rising Importance of the First Amendment in Technology Policy Disputes	20	(3)
Two Running Examples	23	(3)
The Self-Adjusting Stair Climber	24	(1)
DeCSS	25	(1)
Conclusion	26	(1)
The International Technology Policy Environment	27	(49)
Introduction	27	(3)
Unilateral Measures: Actions Against Imports into the United States	30	(1)
Private Actions for Unauthorized Imports into the United States	30	(1)
Enforcement through Administrative Action	31	(1)
Bilateral Arrangements and the Importance of Trade Sanctions	31	(6)
Section 301 and Trade Sanctions	32	(1)
Special 301 and Intellectual Property Protection	33	(4)
Multilateral Approaches	37	(15)
Global Intellectual Property Agreements	37	(4)
World Trade Organization	41	(9)
Regional Trade Pacts	50	(2)
International Law and the Internet	52	(22)
Personal Jurisdiction: Where Can the Lawsuit Be Brought?	53	(15)
What Law Applies?	68	(1)
Can a Judgment Be Enforced?	69	(1)
Example 1: The Yahoo! Litigation	70	(3)
Example 2: The ElcomSoft Controversy	73	(1)
Conclusion	74	(2)
Fundamental Requirements for Patent Protection in the United States	76	(47)
Introduction	76	(4)
Overview of Patent Policies and Processes	80	(9)
Basic Requirements	80	(3)
Patent Duration	83	(4)
Enforcement Issues	87	(2)
Novelty	89	(18)
Was the Patent Application Filed in Time?	99	(4)
Who Gets the Patent When There Are Multiple Inventors?	103	(4)
Nonobviousness	107	(7)
Patentable Subject Matter and Utility	114	(2)
Patentable Subject Matter	114	(1)
Utility	115	(1)
Design Patents	116	(6)
International Protection of Industrial Designs	120	(2)
Conclusion	122	(1)
Obtaining and Defending Patent Rights in the United States and Globally	123	(50)
Introduction	123	(1)
The Patent Application Process: A Brief Overview	124	(16)
Who May File the Patent Application?	125	(1)
Invention Assignment Agreements	126	(2)
When to Apply	128	(2)
Dealing with the PTO	130	(6)
Loss of Patent Rights	136	(4)
Disclosure: Enablement and Best Mode	140	(6)
Enablement	140	(6)
Infringement and Remedies	146	(11)
Literal Infringement	147	(1)
Doctrine of Equivalents	148	(2)
Prosecution History Estoppel	150	(4)
Infringement of Process Patents	154	(3)
International Patent Protection Issues	157	(14)
Substantive Patent Policy Issues	158	(7)
Procedural Patent Policy Issues	165	(6)
Conclusion	171	(2)
Patent Protection for Computer Programs and Internet Business Methods	173	(31)
Introduction	173	(2)
Patent Protection for Computer Programs: The Long and Winding Road	175	(10)
Computer Processes Are Patentable Subject Matter	175	(2)
Old Standards and the Importance of Physical Transformations	177	(1)
The Modern Trend	178	(1)
1996 PTO Examination Guidelines for Computer-Related Inventions	179	(1)
The Dual Impact of the Federal Circuit's State Street Decision	180	(3)
Revised PTO Examination Guidelines for Computer-Related Inventions	183	(1)
Recent Events Involving Computer Program Patents	184	(1)
Other Issues Regarding Patents for Computer Programs	185	(9)
Receiving a Patent from the PTO	185	(2)
Disclosure	187	(1)
The Possibility of Copyright Protection	188	(1)
International Patent Protection of Computer Programs	189	(2)
The Controversy Continues: Should Patent Protection Be Extended to Computer Programs?	191	(3)
Patent Protection for Internet Business Methods	194	(9)
The Controversy over Amazon's One-Click Business Method Patent	196	(5)
The PTO's Business Method Patent Initiative	201	(1)
Legislative Measures and New Proposals	202	(1)
Conclusion	203	(1)
Protection of Secret Information	204	(50)
Introduction	204	(4)
Rationales for Trade Secret Laws	208	(2)
Important Aspects of Trade Secret Laws	210	(24)
Definition of Trade Secret	211	(2)
Misappropriation	213	(8)
Proving Misappropriation	221	(1)
Remedies for Trade Secret Misappropriation	221	(13)
Trade Secret Protection Measures	234	(7)
Federal Economic Espionage Act	241	(3)
International Trade Secret Protection	244	(2)
Concluding Remarks about Trade Secret Protection	246	(1)
Presenting Unsolicited Ideas to Third Parties	247	(5)
How Companies Handle Unsolicited Ideas	250	(1)
Advice for Offering Unsolicited Ideas	251	(1)
Conclusion	252	(2)
Fundamental Aspects of Copyright Protection	254	(54)
Introduction	254	(4)
What May Be Protected by Copyright	258	(6)
Protection of Original Expressions	258	(3)
Protection of Databases	261	(3)
Copyright Protection of Product Designs	264	(5)
Rights Provided by Copyright	269	(9)
The Basic Exclusive Rights	269	(5)
The Digital Transmission Right for Sound Recordings	274	(4)
Fair Use and Other Exceptions to Copyright Protection	278	(7)
Copyright Ownership	285	(7)
Works Made for Hire	286	(4)
Joint Works	290	(1)
Moral Rights	291	(1)
How to Obtain Copyright Protection	292	(7)
Registration and Deposit	292	(5)
Copyright Notice	297	(1)
Duration of Copyright Protection	298	(1)
Infringement and Remedies	299	(8)
The Substantial Similarity Standard	299	(5)
Remedies	304	(3)
Conclusion	307	(1)
Copyright Protection for Computer Programs and Digital Media	308	(47)
Introduction	308	(1)
The Importance of Distinguishing Ideas from Expressions in Computer Programs	309	(8)
Levels of Abstractions in Copyrighted Works	309	(4)
The Availability of Alternative Expressions	313	(2)
Levels of Abstraction for Computer Programs	315	(2)
The Original Approach in Computer Copyright Cases	317	(9)
Protection for Computer Programs	317	(5)
Protection for User Interfaces	322	(4)
The Modern Approach in Computer Copyright Cases	326	(10)
Protection for Computer Programs	326	(4)
Protection for User Interfaces	330	(4)
International Copyright Protection of Computer Programs	334	(2)
Reverse Engineering of Computer Programs and Clean-Room Techniques	336	(7)
Digital Audio Sampling and Digital Imaging	343	(11)
Digital Audio Sampling and Remixing	343	(3)
The Application of Fair Use to Sampling and Remixing	346	(5)
Digital Imaging	351	(3)
Conclusion	354	(1)
Copyright and the Internet	355	(64)
Introduction	355	(2)
Legal Responsibility for the Wrongful Conduct of Others	357	(4)
A Framework for Analyzing Legal Responsibility	360	(1)
The Controversies over Video Recording Devices	361	(4)
Application of Sony's Principles to Digital Video Recorders	363	(2)
The Controversies over Audio Recording Devices	365	(4)
The Audio Home Recording Act	366	(1)
The Controversy over MP3 and Portable Digital Music Players	367	(2)
Online Service Provider Liability	369	(8)
Contributory and Vicarious Liability	370	(4)
DMCA Protects OSPs from Copyright Infringement	374	(3)
Responsibility for Copyright Infringements on Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Networks	377	(24)
The Napster Dispute	378	(6)
The Recording and Motion Picture Industries Contend with Post-Napster Services in the Courts	384	(5)
The Entertainment Industries Adopt Other Strategies to Combat File Sharing	389	(7)
The Supreme Court Addresses the Legality of P2P Services	396	(5)
The DMCA and Copyright Protection Technologies	401	(12)
DMCA's Anti-Circumvention and Anti-trafficking Provisions	402	(8)
Other Recent DMCA Controversies	410	(2)
Proposed Statutory Amendments to the DMCA	412	(1)
Linking, Framing, and Other Internet Copyright Issues	413	(5)
Linking	413	(1)
Deep-Linking	414	(2)
Inline Imaging and Framing	416	(1)
Application to CoolEdge	417	(1)
Other Internet Issues	418	(1)
Conclusion	418	(1)
Protecting Trademarks and Product Designs in International Markets	419	(56)
Introduction	419	(1)
Fundamental Principles of Trademark Protection	420	(13)
Trademarks and Competitive Ethics	420	(4)
Trademarks and Market Efficiency	424	(1)
Generic Marks	425	(3)
Descriptive Marks	428	(1)
The Spectrum of Trademark Protection	429	(4)
Trademark Protection of Product Characteristics	433	(12)
Distinctiveness of Product Characteristics	436	(3)
Functionality	439	(4)
Trademark Protection and Computers	443	(2)
Federal Registration: Standards and Procedures	445	(6)
Likelihood of Confusion	446	(1)
Use Requirements	446	(2)
Reasons to Conduct a Trademark Search	448	(1)
Basic Registration Procedures	448	(1)
Intent-to-Use Applications	449	(1)
Loss of Registration Rights	449	(2)
Trademark Infringement and Remedies	451	(12)
Likelihood of Confusion	451	(4)
Dilution	455	(5)
Remedies for Infringement	460	(3)
International Aspects of Trademark Protection	463	(11)
International Trademark Registration	463	(6)
The Gray Market	469	(5)
Conclusion	474	(1)
Domain Names and Other Trademark Issues on the Internet	475	(39)
Introduction	475	(1)
The Initial Problems with the Internet Domain Name System	476	(6)
NSI's Revised Domain Name Registration Policy	480	(1)
International Domain Name Complexities	481	(1)
Policy Responses to Domain Name Problems	482	(16)
Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act	482	(4)
Preliminary Suggestions for Improvements to the Domain Name Registration Process	486	(1)
The Creation of ICANN	487	(2)
New Generic Top-Level Domain Names	489	(3)
The Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy	492	(6)
Other Internet-Related Trademark Issues	498	(15)
``Suck'' Sites and Critical Commentary	498	(5)
Metatags	503	(3)
Linking and Framing	506	(1)
Keying and Sponsored Advertising	507	(6)
Conclusion	513	(1)
Tort Liability for Physical and Economic Harms	514	(47)
Introduction	514	(1)
Negligence	515	(9)
Negligence and the Restatement of Torts	516	(1)
Causation Issues in Negligence	516	(2)
Proximate Cause: Responsibility for Negligence	518	(1)
Defenses to Liability for Negligence	519	(1)
What Is Negligent Conduct?	520	(2)
Negligence and Computer Programmers	522	(2)
Strict Products Liability	524	(21)
Policy Reasons for Strict Products Liability	524	(2)
Forms of Product Defects	526	(6)
The New Restatement of Torts on Products Liability	532	(3)
Consumer Product Safety Commission Regulations	535	(2)
Tort Reform Measures	537	(1)
Examples of Strict Liability Policies in Other Countries	538	(2)
Strict Products Liability and the Computer Industry	540	(5)
Intentional Torts Involving Computer Systems	545	(15)
Trespass by Electronic Robots	545	(4)
Spam	549	(8)
Computer Viruses, Trojan Horses, and Worms	557	(2)
Electronic Coercion and Self-Help	559	(1)
Conclusion	560	(1)
Intrusions on Privacy and Other Personal Rights	561	(60)
Introduction	561	(1)
A Preliminary Look at Privacy	562	(8)
Sources of Laws Regulating Privacy	562	(2)
The Privacy Balance	564	(6)
Monitoring Communications and Personal Activities in the Workplace	570	(12)
Monitoring for Efficiency	570	(1)
Monitoring Internet Activity	571	(2)
Monitoring E-Mail Communications	573	(7)
Recommendations Regarding Electronic Monitoring Activities	580	(2)
Collection of Personally Identifiable Information	582	(19)
Data Collection on the Internet	585	(16)
Content Control and the Regulation of Indecent Speech	601	(11)
The Communications Decency Act of 1996	602	(3)
Private Control through Labels and Software Filters	605	(1)
Child Online Protection Act of 1998	606	(3)
Public Libraries and Filtering Software	609	(3)
Defamation	612	(6)
Intrusions on Publicity Rights	618	(2)
Conclusion	620	(1)
Important Contract Issues for Technology Companies	621	(44)
Introduction	621	(1)
Warranties, Limitations, and Remedies	622	(12)
Express Warranties	623	(3)
Implied Warranties	626	(2)
Remedies for Breach of Warranties and Limitations of Remedies	628	(6)
Shrink-Wrap and Click-Wrap Licenses	634	(12)
General Principles Regarding Standardized Forms	634	(1)
Standardized Forms in the Consumer Context	635	(2)
The Trend in the Courts	637	(5)
Click-Wrap Licenses	642	(4)
The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act	646	(9)
Electronic Commerce Issues	649	(1)
Electronic Agents	650	(1)
Mass-Market Licenses	651	(2)
Warranties	653	(1)
Other Issues	654	(1)
Strategic Alliances and the Importance of Alternate Dispute Resolution	655	(9)
Strategic Alliances	655	(3)
Alternative Dispute Resolution	658	(6)
Conclusion	664	(1)
Antitrust and Anticompetitive Conduct
Biotechnology: Patent Issues and Other Policy Matters
Table of Cases	665	(2)
Index	667