Let's Review

by Tarendash, Albert S.

• ISBN13: 9780764101694
• ISBN10: 0764101692
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-04-01
• Publisher: B E S Pub Co

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	p. ix
To the Student	p. ix
To the Teacher	p. x
Introduction to Chemistry	p. 1
Chemistry Is...?	p. 2
Matter and Energy	p. 2
Measurement and the Metric System	p. 4
Metric Prefixes	p. 6
Scientific Notation	p. 6
Volume and Density	p. 7
Reporting Measured Quantities	p. 9
Solving Problems by the Factor-Label Method	p. 14
Solving Problems by Using Equations	p. 17
Solving Problems by Using Graphs	p. 18
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions	p. 27
Introduction to the Atomic Model of Matter	p. 27
Development of the Early Models of the Atom	p. 28
The Current View of Atomic Structure	p. 30
Names, Symbols, and Atomic Numbers	p. 31
Neutrons, Isotopes, and Mass Numbers	p. 31
Atomic Mass	p. 32
Introduction to the Periodic Table	p. 34
Molecules	p. 35
Ions	p. 35
Formulas and Equations	p. 40
Chemical Formulas	p. 40
Oxidation Numbers	p. 41
Writing Formulas for Binary Compounds	p. 43
Naming Binary Compounds	p. 43
Polyatomic Ions	p. 45
Chemical Equations	p. 45
Balancing a Chemical Equation	p. 46
Classifying Chemical Reactions	p. 48
The Electronic Structure of Atoms	p. 57
Introduction	p. 57
The Bohr Model of the Atom	p. 57
The Modern (Quantum-Mechanical) Model	p. 59
Electron Configurations of Atoms	p. 62
Valence Electrons	p. 69
Lewis Structures (Electron-Dot Diagrams)	p. 70
Chemical Periodicity	p. 76
Introduction	p. 76
The Periodic Table in History	p. 77
The Modern Periodic Table	p. 77
Properties Associated with Periodicity	p. 78
Variation of Periodic Properties Among the Elements	p. 83
The Chemistry of the Representative Groups	p. 97
The Chemistry of a Period	p. 99
Synthetic Elements	p. 99
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shape	p. 106
Bonding and Stability	p. 107
Ionic Bonding	p. 108
Covalent Bonding	p. 110
Electronegativity and Bonding	p. 111
Drawing the Lewis Structures of Covalent Molecules and Ions	p. 113
Exceptions to the Octet Rule	p. 117
Molecular Shape and VSEPR	p. 118
How Covalent Bonding Occurs: Orbital Overlap	p. 121
Bond Energy and Bond Length	p. 123
Hybridized Atomic Orbitals	p. 124
Network Solids	p. 129
Metallic Substances	p. 129
Dipoles and Polar Molecules	p. 130
Polarity and Molecular Symmetry	p. 131
Intermolecular Forces	p. 132
Molecule-Ion Attraction	p. 136
Summary of Properties of Bonded Substances	p. 137
Organic Chemistry	p. 146
Organic Chemistry Is...?	p. 146
Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds	p. 147
Hydrocarbons and Homologous Series	p. 148
Enantiomers: Mirror-Image Isomerism	p. 159
Functional Groups	p. 159
Organic Reactions	p. 167
Gases, Liquids, and Solids	p. 178
Introduction	p. 178
Gases	p. 179
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT) of Gas Behavior	p. 198
Liquids	p. 201
Solids	p. 204
Change of Phase	p. 205
Stoichiometry: The Mathematics of Chemistry	p. 218
Introduction	p. 218
The Formula Mass of a Substance	p. 219
The Mole Concept and Molar Mass	p. 219
Problems Involving a Single Substance	p. 220
Problems Involving Chemical Equations	p. 227
Solutions and Their Properties	p. 243
A Solution Is...?	p. 243
Suspensions and Colloidal Dispersions	p. 245
Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions	p. 246
Solubility	p. 246
Concentration of Solutions	p. 250
Effect of Solute on Solvent	p. 259
Behavior of Electrolytes in Solution	p. 262
Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics	p. 269
Energy and Its Measurement	p. 269
The Role of Energy in Chemical Reactions	p. 274
Spontaneous Reactions	p. 284
Kinetics and Equilibrium	p. 295
Chemical Kinetics	p. 295
Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Equilibrium	p. 298
Phase Equilibrium	p. 299
Solution Equilibrium	p. 299
Chemical Equilibrium	p. 300
The Equilibrium Constant (K[subscript eq])	p. 304
Applications of Chemical Equilibrium	p. 308
Problems Involving the Equilibrium Constant	p. 309
Acids and Bases	p. 321
Operational Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 321
Arrhenius Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 323
Acid-Base Titration	p. 324
Bronsted-Lowry Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 327
Ionization Constants of Acids and Bases (K[subscript a] and K[subscript b])	p. 332
Ionization Constant of Water (K[subscript w])	p. 334
The pH and pOH Scales	p. 335
Acid-Base Indicators	p. 338
Hydrolysis of Salts in Aqueous Solutions	p. 338
Acid-Base Properties of Oxides	p. 340
Lewis Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 341
Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) and Electrochemistry	p. 348
What Are Oxidation and Reduction?	p. 348
Formal Definitions of Oxidation and Reduction	p. 349
Redox Equations	p. 350
Balancing Redox Equations by the Half-Reaction Method	p. 351
Balancing Redox Equations by the Ion-Electron Method	p. 352
Spontaneous Redox Reactions	p. 355
Electrochemical Cells	p. 357
Electrolysis and Electrolytic Cells	p. 363
Additional Applications of Redox and Electrochemistry	p. 366
Nuclear Chemistry	p. 375
Nuclear Particles	p. 376
Nuclear Equations	p. 376
Natural Radioactivity and Radioactive Decay	p. 376
Separation of Nuclear Particles by Electric and Magnetic Fields	p. 380
Detection of Radioactivity	p. 381
Measurement of Radioactivity	p. 381
Uses of Radioisotopes	p. 383
Induced Nuclear Reactions	p. 384
Fundamental Particles and Interactions	p. 388
The Chemistry Laboratory	p. 397
Introduction	p. 397
Safety Procedures	p. 398
Using Measuring Devices	p. 398
Basic Laboratory Skills	p. 399
Identification of Common Laboratory Apparatus	p. 399
Laboratory Activities	p. 401
Guidelines for Laboratory Reports	p. 407
Glossary	p. 418
Reference Tables for Chemistry	p. 432
Answers to Questions for Review	p. 461
Answering "Constructed-Response" Questions	p. 473
Chemistry Web Sites	p. 482
The New York State Regents Examination in Chemistry	p. 484
Regents Topic Outline	p. 485
The Regents Chemistry Reference Tables	p. 502
A Recent Regents Examination	p. 520
Answers to the Regents Examination	p. 552
Index	p. 553
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