Library and Information Center Management

by Stueart, Robert D.

• ISBN13: 9781591584063
• ISBN10: 159158406X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-06-30
• Publisher: CLIO

Summary

The latest edition of this management classic sports a fresh new look to complement its updated content. It continues to cover all of the important functions involved in library management and development. New chapters on marketing, team building and ethics have been added; thought provoking mini-cases and other activities introduced or expanded; and more international materials referenced than ever before. A perennial favorite in the classroom, an invaluable reference source for information managers everywhere.

Table of Contents

Illustrations	p. xvii
Preface	p. xxi
Acknowledgments	p. xxv
The Web Site	p. xxvii
Introduction
Managing in Today's Libraries and Information Centers	p. 3
The Importance of Management	p. 4
What Is Management?	p. 6
Who Are Managers?	p. 6
What Do Managers Do?	p. 8
Managerial Functions	p. 8
Managerial Roles	p. 10
What Resources Do Managers Use?	p. 12
What Skills Are Needed by Today's Managers?	p. 13
What Are the Differences in Managing in For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations?	p. 16
Conclusion	p. 17
The Evolution of Management Thought	p. 19
Management in Ancient History	p. 20
The Effects of the Industrial Age on Management	p. 22
Classical Perspectives	p. 22
Scientific Management Movement	p. 23
Bureaucratic School	p. 25
Administrative Principles	p. 26
The Humanistic Approach	p. 29
Human Relations Movement	p. 29
Self-Actualizing Movement	p. 30
The Quantitative Approach	p. 32
The Systems Approach	p. 33
The Contingency Approach	p. 35
The Learning Organization	p. 35
Summary	p. 36
Library and Information Center Management: The Historical Perspective	p. 36
Conclusion	p. 38
Change-The Innovative Process	p. 41
Factors Promoting Change	p. 41
Empowerment-An Agent of Change	p. 46
Paradigm Shift-Myth or Reality	p. 48
Organizing for Change	p. 50
Diagnosing Change	p. 52
Libraries as Open Systems	p. 55
Resistance to Change	p. 58
Conclusion	p. 60
Planning
Planning Information Services and Systems	p. 65
Techniques and Tools	p. 66
Environment for Planning	p. 66
Planning Models	p. 67
The Planning Process	p. 72
Factors in Planning	p. 73
Time Frame	p. 73
Collecting and Analyzing Data	p. 74
Levels of Planning	p. 75
Flexibility	p. 75
Accountability	p. 75
Environmental Assessment	p. 76
Developing Standards and Guidelines	p. 76
Forecasting	p. 76
Theory Applications	p. 78
Management by Objectives (MBO)	p. 78
Total Quality Management (TQM)	p. 80
Policy Making	p. 81
Sources of Policy	p. 83
Effective Policy Development	p. 84
Implementing Policy	p. 85
Decision Making	p. 86
Steps in Making Decisions	p. 87
Group Decision Making	p. 88
Factors in Making Decisions	p. 90
Conclusion	p. 91
Strategic Planning-Thinking and Doing	p. 93
Planning Strategically	p. 95
Planning-The Outcome	p. 96
Environment-The Assessment	p. 99
Vision	p. 107
Values and Culture	p. 107
Mission	p. 109
Goals, Themes, and Directions	p. 110
Objectives, Initiatives, Pathways, and Strategies	p. 111
Activities, Tasks, and Initiatives	p. 113
Evaluation-Accountability in Action	p. 113
Planning Hierarchy-An Example	p. 115
Conclusion	p. 117
Marketing Information Services	p. 118
Marketing-A Strategic Component	p. 119
Marketing-The Audit	p. 122
Marketing-The Value Factor	p. 124
Communication-Promotion as a Basic Element	p. 125
Evaluating-Checks and Balances	p. 127
Conclusion	p. 128
Organizing
Organizations and Organizational Culture	p. 131
Organizing	p. 132
What an Organization Is	p. 133
Organizational Structure	p. 136
Getting Started with Organizing	p. 139
Formal and Informal Organizations	p. 142
Libraries as Organizations	p. 143
Organization Charts	p. 143
Organizational Culture	p. 147
Getting to Know the Culture	p. 151
Conclusion	p. 153
Structuring the Organization-Specialization and Coordination	p. 156
Specialization	p. 157
Parts of an Organization	p. 158
Methods of Departmentalization	p. 159
Function	p. 160
Territory	p. 161
Product	p. 162
Customer	p. 162
Process	p. 163
Subject	p. 164
Form of Resources	p. 165
Summary	p. 165
The Hierarchy	p. 165
The Scalar Principle	p. 167
Power and Authority	p. 168
Delegation	p. 169
Centralization and Decentralization	p. 170
Unity of Command	p. 172
Span of Control	p. 172
Line and Staff Positions	p. 174
Coordination	p. 176
Coordinating Mechanisms	p. 177
Conclusion	p. 179
The Structure of Organizations-Today and in the Future	p. 181
Bureaucracies	p. 182
Mechanistic Organizations	p. 185
Organic Systems	p. 185
Modifying Library Bureaucracy	p. 187
Some Commonly Used Modifications	p. 189
Committees	p. 189
Task Force	p. 189
Matrix Organizational Structure	p. 189
Teams	p. 192
Reshaping the Library's Organizational Structure	p. 193
The Library Organization of the Future	p. 197
Conclusion	p. 201
Human Resources
Staffing the Library	p. 207
The Increasing Complexity of Human Resources Management	p. 209
Types of Staff	p. 210
The LIS Education and Human Resource Utilization Policy	p. 213
The Organizational Framework for Staffing	p. 216
Job Descriptions	p. 219
Job Analysis	p. 220
Job Evaluation	p. 222
Recruitment and Hiring	p. 224
Filling Vacant Positions	p. 225
Attracting a Diverse Workforce	p. 226
Internal and External Applicants	p. 227
Matching the Applicant to the Position	p. 228
The Selection Process	p. 229
Interviewing the Candidate	p. 229
Background Verification	p. 231
Making the Hiring Decision	p. 232
Conclusion	p. 233
The Human Resources Functions in the Library	p. 235
Training and Staff Development	p. 236
Orientation	p. 236
Initial Job Training	p. 237
Training and Staff Development for Established Employees	p. 240
Performance Appraisals	p. 241
Why Appraisals Are Done	p. 242
When to Do Appraisals	p. 243
Who Does the Appraisals?	p. 244
Problems in Rating	p. 246
Methods of Performance Appraisal	p. 246
The Performance Appraisal Review Process	p. 251
The Performance Appraisal Interview	p. 252
Discipline and Grievances	p. 254
Firing or Termination	p. 256
Grievance Systems	p. 256
Employee Compensation	p. 257
Determination of Salary	p. 258
Development of a Salary Scale	p. 259
Salary Increases	p. 260
Recognition and Rewards	p. 261
Employee Benefits	p. 262
Conclusion	p. 265
Other Issues in Human Resource Management	p. 267
Human Resources Policies and Procedures	p. 268
Career Development	p. 269
Plateauing	p. 272
Mentoring	p. 274
Health and Safety Issues in the Library	p. 275
Physical Stress	p. 276
Job-Related Mental Stress	p. 276
Burnout	p. 279
Violence and Crime in the Workplace	p. 280
External Impacts on Human Resources-Legal Protections	p. 282
Equal Employment Opportunities	p. 283
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Other Important Federal Legislation	p. 284
Affirmative Action and Comparable Worth	p. 285
Sexual Harassment	p. 289
Unionization	p. 291
Conclusion	p. 293
Leading
Motivation	p. 299
The Human Element of the Organization	p. 300
Structuring the Human Element In Organizations	p. 302
Motivation	p. 303
The Content Models	p. 305
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	p. 305
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation	p. 307
McClelland's Need Theory	p. 310
The Process Models	p. 311
Adams's Equity Theory	p. 311
Vroom's Expectancy Theory	p. 312
Behavior Modification	p. 314
Goal-Setting Theory	p. 315
How Should Managers Motivate?	p. 316
Conclusion	p. 319
Leadership	p. 321
What Is Leadership?	p. 322
Managers and Leaders	p. 322
Leadership Qualities	p. 323
Exercising Power	p. 323
Presenting a Vision	p. 325
The Trait Approach to the Study of Leadership	p. 326
Behavioral Approaches to the Study of Leadership	p. 327
The University of Iowa Studies	p. 328
Ohio State Studies	p. 328
University of Michigan Studies	p. 328
Styles of Leadership	p. 329
Likert's Systems of Management	p. 329
The Leadership Grid	p. 330
Transformational/Transactional Leadership	p. 332
Situational or Contingency Models of Leadership	p. 332
Fiedler's Leadership Contingency Model	p. 333
Path-Goal Theory of Leadership	p. 333
Leadership in the Twenty-First Century	p. 337
The Leadership Challenge	p. 338
Developing Leadership	p. 340
Ethics	p. 346
Ethics in Modern Organizations	p. 347
Ethics-A Definition	p. 347
The Importance of Ethics	p. 349
The Ethical Information Professional	p. 351
Problematic Ethical Situations	p. 353
Tools for Ethical Decision Making	p. 355
Normative Ethical Frameworks	p. 355
Codes of Ethics	p. 357
Other Frameworks for Ethical Decision Making	p. 357
Ethics Training	p. 359
Guidelines for Mangers to Promote Ethical Behavior	p. 360
Conclusion	p. 361
Communication	p. 363
The Importance of Communication	p. 364
A Model of Communication	p. 364
Organizational Communication	p. 366
Types of Communication	p. 367
Written Communication	p. 368
Oral Communication	p. 369
Nonverbal Communication	p. 369
Communication Flows	p. 371
Downward Communication	p. 371
Upward Communication	p. 372
Horizontal Communication	p. 373
Changing Flows of Communication	p. 374
Virtual Communication	p. 374
Informal Organizational Communication	p. 375
The Grapevine	p. 375
Managing by Walking Around	p. 376
Conflict	p. 377
Results of Conflict	p. 380
Managing Conflict	p. 381
Conclusion	p. 382
Participative Management and the Use of Teams in Libraries	p. 385
Participative Management	p. 386
Why Empower Employees?	p. 388
Levels of Participation	p. 390
Teams in Organizations	p. 391
The Use of Teams in Libraries	p. 392
Characteristics of Effective Teams	p. 395
Stages of Team Development	p. 396
Basic Steps in Team Building	p. 398
The Roles People Play in Teams	p. 399
Team Communication	p. 401
The Future of Work Teams in Libraries	p. 401
Contingency Approach to Leading	p. 402
Conclusion	p. 404
Coordinating
Measuring, Evaluating, and Coordinating Organizational Performance	p. 409
Measuring and Evaluating	p. 410
Performance Indicators	p. 412
Coordinating and Controlling	p. 413
Requirements for Control	p. 413
Techniques for Evaluating Activities	p. 416
Developing Standards	p. 416
Measuring Performance	p. 416
Correcting Deviations	p. 418
Evaluating Efforts	p. 419
Tools of Coordination	p. 421
Cost-Benefit Analysis	p. 421
Benchmarking	p. 423
Program Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT)	p. 424
Balanced Scorecard	p. 426
LibQUAL+	p. 427
Management Information Systems (MIS)	p. 428
Decision Support Systems (DSS)	p. 429
Time-and-Motion Studies	p. 429
Operations Research	p. 430
Knowledge Management	p. 431
Monitoring Programs for Results and Accountability	p. 432
Monitoring	p. 432
Accountability	p. 433
Conclusion	p. 434
Fiscal Responsibility and Control	p. 437
Budgets-Planning and Evaluation Tools	p. 438
The Funding Process	p. 440
Fund-Raising Efforts	p. 441
The Budgeting Process	p. 442
Budgeting Techniques	p. 443
Line-Item Budgeting	p. 444
Formula Budgeting	p. 447
Program Budgeting	p. 448
Performance Budgeting	p. 448
Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS)	p. 450
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)	p. 452
Techniques for Financial Allocation	p. 455
Entrepreneurial Budgeting	p. 455
Allocation Decision Accountability Performance (ADAP)	p. 456
Best, Optimistic, and Pessimistic (BOP)	p. 456
Responsibility Center Budgeting	p. 456
Bracket Budgeting	p. 457
Software Applications	p. 457
Accountability and Reporting	p. 458
Conclusion	p. 459
Managing in the Twenty-First Century
Managers: The Next Generation	p. 463
Managing in Today's Organizations	p. 465
The New Generation of Managers	p. 465
Deciding to Become a Manager	p. 467
Skills Needed by Managers	p. 470
Acquiring Management Skills	p. 471
On-the-Job Opportunities	p. 472
Continuing Education	p. 473
Conclusion	p. 474
Index	p. 477
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