Lighting Upgrades: A Guide for Facility Managers, Second Edition

by Wood; Damon

• ISBN13: 9780824740078
• ISBN10: 0824740076
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-04-27
• Publisher: Fairmont Press

Summary

Green Lights lighting specialist Damon Wood takes you step-by-step through upgrading a lighting system, in either a retrofit or complete redesign scenario, for the purpose of increasing both energy efficiency and productivity. Contents include lighting quality, upgrade strategies, applications, technologies, economics, maintenance, project implementation and methods for assessing specific opportunities.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xiii
Introduction	xv
Chapter 1 - The Elements of Lighting Quality	1	(12)
Overview of Lighting Quality Measures	1	(3)
Methods for Improving Lighting Quality	4	(9)
Chapter 2 - Maximizing Lighting Efficiency	13	(10)
Lighting Efficiency Metrics	13	(7)
Maximizing Energy Efficiency	20	(3)
Chapter 3 - Full-size Fluorescent Equipment	23	(26)
Full-size Fluorescent Lamps	23	(7)
Full-size Fluorescent Ballasts	30	(13)
Full-size Fluorescent Luminaires	43	(6)
Chapter 4 - Full-size Fluorescent Upgrade Options	49	(28)
Introduction	49	(1)
T8 Lamp/Ballast Upgrades	50	(3)
T5 Twin-tube Lamp/Ballast Upgrades	53	(1)
Full-Output Electronic Ballasts	54	(4)
Partial-Output Electronic Ballasts	58	(2)
Dimmable Electronic Ballasts	60	(2)
Light-Level Switching Electronic Ballasts	62	(1)
Retrofit Reflectors with Delamping Option	63	(6)
Lens/Louver Upgrades	69	(2)
Replace with New Deep-cell Parabolic Luminaires	71	(3)
Replace with New Fluorescent Uplighting Luminaires	74	(2)
Task Lighting with Reduced Ambient Lighting	76	(1)
Chapter 5 - Compact Lighting Equipment	77	(24)
Incandescent Sources	77	(5)
Compact Fluorescent Sources	82	(5)
Compact HID Sources	87	(1)
Performance Checklist	88	(5)
Applications of Compact Sources	93	(8)
Chapter 6 - Compact Lighting Upgrade Options	101	(12)
Compact Fluorescent Lamp Upgrades	101	(6)
Compact Halogen Lamp Upgrades	107	(2)
Hardwire Compact Fluorescent Downlight Retrofits	109	(1)
Replace with New Compact Fluorescent Luminaires	110	(1)
Replace with Compact HID Luminaires	111	(2)
Chapter 7 - High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Equipment	113	(20)
HID Lighting Systems	113	(1)
Mercury Vapor Lamps	113	(1)
Metal Halide Lamps	114	(5)
High-pressure Sodium Lamps	119	(2)
Low-pressure Sodium Lamps	121	(1)
HID Ballasts	122	(2)
Performance Checklist for HID Systems	124	(4)
Types of HID Luminaires	128	(5)
Chapter 8 - High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Upgrade Options	133	(12)
Energy-Saver HID Lamps	133	(1)
Retrofit HID Lamps	134	(1)
Instant-restrike HPS Lamps	135	(2)
High Performance Metal Halide Systems	137	(2)
Retrofit HID Reflectors	139	(2)
Conversion to New HID System	141	(1)
High-bay Compact Fluorescent Luminaires	142	(3)
Chapter 9 - Exit Sign Equipment	145	(16)
Types of Exit Sign Light Sources	145	(3)
Types of Exit Sign Luminaires	148	(3)
Regulations	151	(2)
Types of Exit Sign Power Supplies	153	(1)
Performance Checklist for Exit Signs	154	(7)
Chapter 10 - Exit Sign Upgrade Options	161	(6)
Exit Sign Upgrades	161	(5)
New Exit Signs	166	(1)
Chapter 11 - Switching Controls	167	(30)
Overview of Automatic Switching Strategies	167	(1)
Occupancy Sensors	168	(20)
Timer Switches	188	(1)
Electronic Time Clocks	189	(2)
Centralized Lighting Control Systems	191	(2)
Daylight Switching Systems	193	(4)
Chapter 12 - Dimming Controls	197	(18)
Dimming Controls	197	(1)
Overview of Dimming Strategies	198	(1)
Daylight Dimming	199	(6)
Lumen Maintenance Controls	205	(1)
Manual Dimming (Tuning)	206	(1)
HID Power Reducers	207	(2)
Panel-Level HID Dimming	209	(2)
Capacitive-Switching HID Systems	211	(3)
Electronic Dimming HID Ballasts	214	(1)
Chapter 13 - Upgrades To Modify Light Levels	215	(10)
Modifying Light Levels	215	(6)
Increasing Light Output in Underlighted Spaces	221	(4)
Chapter 14 - Lighting The Office Environment	225	(14)
Office Lighting Upgrade Goals	225	(1)
Recommended Light Levels	226	(2)
Ambient Lighting Systems	228	(2)
Task Lighting Systems	230	(5)
Lighting Control Strategies	235	(4)
Chapter 15 - Lighting the Retail Environment	239	(10)
Retail Lighting Upgrade Goals	239	(1)
Recommended Light Levels	240	(1)
High-activity Retail Lighting Upgrades	241	(1)
Medium-activity Retail Lighting Upgrades	242	(3)
Low-activity Retail Lighting Upgrades	245	(1)
Lighting Control Strategies	245	(4)
Chapter 16 - Lighting the Industrial Environment	249	(14)
Industrial Lighting Upgrade Goals	249	(1)
Recommended Light Levels	250	(1)
Options for Lighting System Layout	251	(1)
Industrial Luminaire Selection Factors	252	(4)
Light Source Selection Factors	256	(2)
Industrial Lighting Upgrade Strategies	258	(5)
Chapter 17 - Outdoor Lighting	263	(12)
Outdoor Lighting Upgrade Goals	263	(1)
Recommended Light Levels and Uniformity Ratios	264	(1)
Light Source Selection Factors	264	(3)
Outdoor Luminaires	267	(3)
Outdoor Lighting Applications	270	(3)
Lighting Control Strategies	273	(2)
Chapter 18 - Assessing Lighting Upgrade Opportunities
Planning and Evaluation	275	(1)
Overview	275	(1)
Prioritizing Facility Upgrades	276	(1)
Conducting the Lighting Survey	277	(6)
Calculating Lighting Impacts	283	(4)
Calculating Energy Cost Savings	287	(9)
Calculating Maintenance Cost Savings	296	(1)
Performing the Financial Analysis	296	(5)
Measuring Performance in Trial Installations	301	(6)
Evaluating Occupant Acceptance	307	(2)
Chapter 19 - Project Implementation	309	(12)
Project Implementation Resources	309	(1)
Evaluating Financing Options	309	(6)
Convincing Landlords and Tenants	315	(1)
Negotiating Purchasing Agreements	316	(1)
Managing the Project	317	(2)
Commissioning the New System	319	(2)
Chapter 20 - Lighting Maintenance	321	(18)
Increasing Efficiency through Improved Maintenance	321	(7)
Saving Money through Improved Maintenance	328	(3)
Maintenance Planning	331	(2)
Lighting Waste Disposal	333	(6)
Appendix I - Information Resources	339	(2)
Appendix II - Bibliography of Sources	341	(6)
Appendix III - Glossary of Terms	347	(14)
Index	361