Lignin Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives

by Glasser, Wolfgang G.; Northey, Robert A.; Schultz, Tor P.

• ISBN13: 9780841236110
• ISBN10: 0841236119
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-02-24
• Publisher: American Chemical Society

Summary

Lignin forms the woody cell walls of plants and the cement material between the plant walls, and after cellulose, it is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. This book examines the biochemistry of lignin formation, lignin modification and utilization as a polymer, lignin in pulping and bleaching, chemical and physical properties of lignin, and lignin biodegradation.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
History and Structure
Lignin Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization: A Brief History	2	(98)
Joseph L. McCarthy
Aminul Islam
The Nature of Lignin: A Different View	100	(18)
K. Forss
K-E. Framer
Biochemistry
Monolignol Compositional Determinants in Loblolly Pine: Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism and Associated Rate-Limiting Steps	118	(27)
Hendrik van Rensburg
Aldwin M. Anterola
Lanfang H. Levine
Laurence B. Davin
Norman G. Lewis
Genetic Engineering of Polar Lignins: Impact of Lignin Alteration on Kraft Pulping Performances	145	(16)
C. Lapierre
B. Pollet
M. Petit-Conil
G. Pilate
C. Leple
W. Boerjan
L. Jouanin
Lignin--Polysaccharide Interactions in Woody Plants	161	(11)
Richard F. Helm
Structural Heterogeneity of Hardwood Lignin: Characteristics of End-Wise Lignin Fraction	172	(14)
Keko Hori
Gyosuke Meshitsuka
Molecular Orbital Calculations on the Interaction of Veratryl Alcohol with the Lignin Peroxidase Active Site	186	(19)
Thomas Elder
David C. Young
Lignin Influence on Angiosperm Spawood Susceptibility to White-Rot Fungal Colonization: A Hypothesis	205	(11)
Tor P. Schultz
Darrel D. Nicholas
Analaysis
Classification of Lignin According to Chemical and Molecular Structure	216	(23)
Wolfgang G. Glasser
An Overview of Chemical Degradation Methods for Determining Lignin Condensed Units	239	(11)
Y.-Z. Lai
H. Xu
R. Yang
Using Raman Spectroscopy to Identify Chromophores in Lignin--Lignocellulosics	250	(15)
U. P. Agarwal
R. H. Atalla
Limiting Molecular Weight of Lignin from Autocatalyzed Organosolv Pulping of Hardwood	265	(13)
H. L. Hergert
G. C. Goyal
J. H. Lora
Structural Investigation of Dehydrogenation Polymer (models of lignin) Films at the Air--Water Interface by Neutron Reflectivity	278	(13)
B. Cathala
N. Puff
V. Aguie-Beghin
R. Douillard
B. Monties
Comparative Analysis of the Lignins of Cork from Quercus suber L. and Wood from Eucalyptus globulus L. by Dry Hydrogen Iodide Cleavage	291	(13)
L. G. Akim
N. Cordeiro
C. Pascoal Neto
A. Gandini
Modification and Utilization
Commercial Use of Lignin-Based Materials	304	(17)
J. D. Gargulak
S. E. Lebo
Synthesis of 14C-Labelled 1-Ethenylbenzene Using Wittig Reaction and Synthesis of Graft Copolymer of Lignin and 14C-Labelled 1-Ethenylbenzene	321	(10)
Meng-Jiu Chen
John J. Meister
Blends of Biodegradable Thermoplastics with Lignin Esters	331	(20)
Indrajit Ghosh
Rajesh K. jain
Wolfgang G. Glasser
Thermoplastics with Very High Lignin Contents	351	(16)
Yan Li
Simo Sarkanen
Plasma Modification of Lignin	367	(25)
G. Toriz
F. Denes
R. A. Young
Pulping and Bleaching
Chemistry of Pulping: Lignin Reactions	392	(30)
Josef S. Gratzl
Chen-Loung Chen
The Interplay between Oxygen-Derived Radical Species in the Delignification during Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching	422	(25)
Josef Gierer
A Comparison of the Structural Changes Occurring in Lignin during Alcell and Kraft Pulping of Hardwoods and Softwoods	447	(18)
Ying Liu
Sandra Carriero
Kendall Pye
Dimitris S. Argyropoulos
A Room-Temperature β-O-4 to α-O-4 Rearrangement	465	(6)
D. L. Criss
T. H. Fisher
L. L. Ingram, Jr.
D. J. Beard
Tor P. Schultz
Peracids in Kraft Pulp Bleaching: Past, Present, and Future	471	(19)
K. Poppius-Levlin
A.-S. Jaaskelainen
A. Seisto
A. Fuhrmann
Chemical Modification of Lignin-Rich Paper: Light-Induced Changes of Softwood and Hardwood Chemithermomechanical Pulps: The Effect of Irradiation Source	490	(15)
Magnus Paulsson
Arthur J. Ragauskas
Investigation of ortho-and para-Quinone Chromophores in Alkaline Extraction Stage Residual Lignins	505	(15)
Michael Zawadzki
Troy Runge
Arthur J. Ragauskas
Chemical Characteristics of Lignins Extracted from Softwood TMP and O3 and ClO2 Treatment	520	(13)
D. R. Robert
M. Szadeczki
D. Lachenal
Author Index	533	(1)
Subject Index	534