Linguistic Categorization Prototypes in Linguistic Theory

by Taylor, John R.

• ISBN13: 9780198700128
• ISBN10: 0198700121
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-12-14
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This book explores the far-reaching implications of Eleanor Rosch's seminal work on categorization and prototype theory, extending the application of prototype theory from lexical semantics to morphology, syntax, and phonology. Providing a clear and readable introduction to the field of cognitive linguistics, this acclaimed book has now been updated with a new chapter.

Table of Contents

Typographical Conventions	xv
The Categorization of Colour	1	(20)
Why colour terms?	2	(3)
Arbitrariness	5	(3)
An alternative approach: focal colours	8	(8)
Autonomous linguistics vs. cognitive linguistics	16	(5)
The Classical Approach to Categorization	21	(17)
Aristotle	22	(2)
The classical approach in linguistics: phonology	24	(5)
The classical approach in semantics	29	(9)
Prototype Categories: I	38	(21)
Wittgenstein	38	(2)
Prototypes: an alternative to the classical theory	40	(6)
Basic level terms	46	(5)
Why prototype categories?	51	(3)
A note on fuzziness	54	(1)
Some applications	55	(4)
Prototype Categories: II	59	(22)
Prototypes	59	(6)
Prototypes and schemas	65	(3)
Folk categories and expert categories	68	(7)
Hedges	75	(6)
Linguistic and Encyclopaedic Knowledge	81	(18)
Domains and schemas	83	(4)
Frames and scripts	87	(3)
Perspectivization	90	(1)
Frames and scripts in language comprehension	91	(1)
Fake	92	(3)
Real	95	(4)
Polysemy and Meaning Chains	99	(23)
Monosemous and polysemous categories	99	(6)
An illustration: Climb	105	(4)
Over	109	(7)
Some problems	116	(6)
Category Extension: Metonymy and Metaphor	122	(20)
Metonymy	122	(8)
Metaphor	130	(12)
Polysemous Categories in Morphology and Syntax	142	(16)
The diminutive	144	(5)
The past tense	149	(5)
A note on yes--no questions	154	(4)
Polysemous Categories in Intonation	158	(15)
The problem of intonational meaning	158	(2)
The meanings of falling and rising tones	160	(8)
High key	168	(5)
Grammatical Categories	173	(24)
Words, affixes, and clitics	175	(8)
Grammatical categories	183	(7)
The semantic basis of grammatical categories	190	(7)
Syntactic Constructions as Prototype Categories	197	(25)
Constructions	198	(4)
The possessive genitive	202	(4)
The transitive construction	206	(4)
The transitive construction: more marginal members	210	(5)
Metaphorical extension of syntactic constructions	215	(3)
A comparison with German	218	(2)
Concluding remarks	220	(2)
Prototype Categories in Phonology	222	(17)
Phoneme categories	223	(7)
The gradience of phoneme categories	230	(4)
The syllable as a construction	234	(5)
The Acquisition of Categories	239	(18)
Hypothesized acquisition routes	240	(3)
Grammatical categories	243	(4)
Conceptual development	247	(5)
Word meanings	252	(5)
Recent Developments (1995)	257	(40)
Overview of prototypicality	258	(3)
Prototypes and basic level terms	261	(3)
Polysemy and the two-level approach	264	(7)
Two illustrations: in and round	271	(10)
Polysemy and the network model	281	(9)
The historical perspective	290	(4)
Epilogue: on zebras and quaggas	294	(3)
References	297	(14)
Index	311