Linguistic Typology: Morphology and Syntax

by Song; Jae Jung

• ISBN13: 9780582312210
• ISBN10: 0582312213
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2000-08-11
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Language typology is the study of the structural similarities between languages regardless of their history, to establish a classification or typology of languages. It is a core topic of historical linguistics and is studied on all traditional linguistics degree courses. In recent years there has been increased interest the subject and it is an area we have been looking to commission a book in. Jae Jung Song proposes to introduce the undergraduate reader to the subject, with discussion of topics which include - what is language typology and why is it studied; word order; language sampling; relative clauses; diachronic typology; and applications of language typology. There will also be discussion of the most prominent areas of research in the subject and readers will be able to review data selected from a wide range of languages to see how languages work and how differently they behave.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiv
Abbreviations	xvii
Acknowledgements	xix
Introducing linguistic typology	1	(48)
What do linguistic typologists study?	1	(3)
Typological analysis	4	(2)
Typology of language universals	6	(2)
Language universals and linguistic typology	8	(1)
Assumptions and problems in typological analysis	9	(32)
Cross-linguistic comparability	10	(5)
The Principle of Uniformitarianism	15	(2)
Approaches to language sampling	17	(15)
Determining language sample sizes	32	(7)
Problems with data	39	(2)
Partial typology vs. holistic typology	41	(4)
Organization of the rest of the book	45	(4)
Basic word order	49	(89)
What is basic word order?	49	(3)
Early research on basic word order	52	(26)
The inception of word order typology	52	(4)
The OV-VO typology	56	(12)
Making language universals exceptionless	68	(10)
Explaining the distribution of the basic clausal word orders	78	(7)
Back to the OV-VO typology: the Branching Direction Theory	85	(14)
Seeking a global explanation: the Early Immediate Constituents Theory	99	(20)
From word order to morpheme order: the suffixing preference	119	(14)
Closing remarks	133	(5)
Case marking	138	(73)
Introduction	138	(2)
A, S and P, and types of case marking	140	(7)
Nominative-accusative system	142	(1)
Ergative-absolutive system	143	(2)
Tripartite system	145	(1)
AP/S system	146	(1)
Neutral system	146	(1)
More types of case marking	147	(8)
Split-ergative system	147	(3)
Active-stative system	150	(3)
Direct-inverse system	153	(2)
Distribution of the case marking systems	155	(1)
The discriminatory view of case marking	156	(3)
The indexing view of case marking	159	(6)
The discriminatory view vs. the indexing view	165	(2)
The Nominal Hierarchy and the split-ergative system	167	(3)
Towards a unified explanation: attention flow and viewpoint	170	(8)
Ergativity from discourse to grammar	178	(3)
Case marking in altered or non-basic constructions	181	(13)
Passive	182	(2)
Antipassive	184	(3)
Noun incorporation	187	(3)
Advancement of obliques to P	190	(4)
Syntactic ergativity	194	(3)
Head marking vs. dependent marking	197	(5)
Case marking type and word order type	202	(9)
Relative clauses	211	(46)
Introduction	211	(1)
The position of the head noun vis-a-vis the restricting clause	212	(4)
Expression of the head noun	216	(6)
The obliteration strategy	217	(1)
The pronoun-retention strategy	218	(1)
The relative-pronoun strategy	219	(1)
Language-internal distribution of the relativization strategies	220	(2)
Accessibility Hierarchy: accessibility to relativization	222	(5)
Conspiracy in relativization	227	(5)
Correlations between RC-related properties	232	(3)
The head noun in the main clause	235	(2)
Subject primacy vs. discourse preferences in relativization	237	(4)
RC type and word order type	241	(4)
The role of processing in the distribution of RC types	245	(8)
The AH and structural complexity	253	(4)
Causatives	257	(40)
Introduction	257	(2)
The morphologically based typology of causative constructions	259	(4)
The syntax of the causee NP: the Case Hierarchy	263	(5)
Conspiracy in causativization	268	(3)
Doubling: coding vs. grammatical relation	271	(4)
Causation types and causative types	275	(8)
The case marking of the causee NP	283	(3)
The conceptual integration of the causee in the causative event	286	(6)
Towards a typology of causative constructions	292	(5)
The application of linguistic typology	297	(41)
Introduction	297	(1)
Linguistic typology and historical linguistics	298	(20)
Early attempts at word order reconstruction	300	(5)
Linguistic typology as a control on, and a tool in, reconstruction	305	(7)
Linguistic typology and linguistic prehistory	312	(6)
Linguistic typology and language acquisition	318	(20)
Accessibility to relativization in FLA	320	(6)
Accessibility to relativization in SLA	326	(7)
Two potential FLA/SLA areas of application	333	(1)
Closing remarks	334	(4)
European approaches to linguistic typology	338	(24)
Introduction	338	(2)
The Leningrad Typology Group	340	(5)
The Cologne UNITYP Group	345	(5)
The Prague School Typology	350	(6)
Epilogue	356	(6)
Bibliography	362	(21)
Author Index	383	(5)
Language Index	388	(4)
Subject Index	392