The Linux Tcp/Ip Stack: Networking for Embedded Systems

by Herbert, Thomas

• ISBN13: 9781584502845
• ISBN10: 1584502843
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-04-15
• Publisher: Charles River Media

Summary

The Linux TCP/IP Stack: Networking for Embedded Systems provides an in-depth guide to implementing and using the Linux TCP/IP stack in embedded systems projects. It begins with a general overview of TCP/IP networking, with background information on applicable networking standards. From there, it details the TCP/IP implementation in Linux 2.6 by following a packet of data as it flows through the stack from the sending system, out the wire, and back through the input side of the stack in the receiving machine. This unique approach gives programmers an "inside" look at the entire process. Throughout the text, topics of particular interest to engineers implementing embedded systems are discussed, such as sockets, network interfaces, application layer protocols, and practical considerations. This is a great resource for embedded systems programmers and engineers, as well as networking professionals interested in learning more about the implementation of Linux TCP/IP in the 2.6 kernel.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xi
Introduction	1	(20)
Introduction	3	(1)
The Linux TCP/IP Source Code	4	(1)
A Brief History of Data Communication	5	(6)
The OSI Seven-Layer Network Model	11	(1)
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Protocols	12	(1)
Broadband Networking Versus Local Area Networking	13	(1)
Packets and Frames	14	(1)
The Digital Data Rate Hierarchy in the Public Network	15	(2)
Networking Standards	17	(2)
Summary	19	(2)
Broadband Networking Protocols of Yesterday and Today	21	(28)
Introduction	22	(1)
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Protocols	22	(1)
Broadband Networking Versus Local Area Networking	23	(2)
Asynchronous Versus Synchronous Data Transmission	25	(2)
Synchronous Data Transmission	27	(4)
X.25	31	(2)
High Level Data Link Protocol	33	(5)
Sliding Windows	38	(2)
HDLC as Used in Point-to-Point Protocol	40	(1)
Frame Relay Bearer Service	40	(3)
Asynchronous Transmission Mode (ATM)	43	(5)
Summary	48	(1)
TCP/IP in Embedded Systems	49	(20)
Introduction	50	(1)
A Note on TCP/IP Implementation	50	(1)
TCP/IP in Terms of the OSI Model	51	(2)
Physical Layer	53	(1)
Data Link Layer	53	(2)
Layer 3, the Network Layer---IP	55	(4)
Layer 4, the Transport Layer	59	(2)
Sockets---The Transport Layer Interface	61	(1)
Application Layer Protocols	62	(1)
TCP/IP in Embedded Systems	63	(3)
TCP/IP Standards, Numbers, and Practical Considerations	66	(1)
Summary	67	(2)
Linux Networking Interfaces and Device Drivers	69	(46)
Introduction	70	(1)
Network Interface Devices	71	(1)
The Network Device Structure, net_device	71	(9)
Network Device Initialization	80	(6)
Device Discovery and Dynamic Network Interface Driver Initialization	86	(5)
Network Interface Registration	91	(6)
Network Interface Driver Service Functions	97	(5)
Receiving Packets	102	(5)
Transmitting Packets	107	(3)
Notifier Chains and Network Interface Device Status Notification	110	(4)
Summary	114	(1)
Linux Sockets	115	(56)
Introduction	116	(1)
What Is a Socket?	116	(3)
Socket, sock, and other Data Structures for Managing Sockets	119	(9)
Socket Layer Initialization	128	(1)
Family Values and the Protocol Switch Table	129	(7)
The Socket Application Programming Interface	136	(9)
Packet, Raw, Netlink, and Routing Sockets	145	(2)
Security and Linux Capabilities	147	(2)
A Note about the Socket API and IPv6	149	(2)
Implementation of the Socket API System Calls	151	(5)
Creation of a Socket	156	(9)
IO System Calls and Sockets	165	(1)
Netlink and Rtnetlink	166	(4)
Summary	170	(1)
The Linux TCP/IP Stack	171	(62)
Introduction	172	(1)
Packet Handler Glue	173	(2)
Linux TCP/IP Stack Initialization	175	(4)
Kernel Threading	179	(5)
Packet Queuing Layer and Queuing Disciplines	184	(7)
Receiving Packets in Packet Queuing Layer, NET_RX_SOFTIRQ	191	(8)
Transport Layer De-Multiplexing and Internal Packet Routing	199	(3)
Cache Rich	202	(24)
In_device Structure for IPv4 Address Assignment, Multicast, and Configuration	226	(4)
Security, Stackable Destination, and XFRM	230	(1)
Some Practical Considerations	231	(1)
Summary	232	(1)
Socket Buffers and Linux Memory Allocation	233	(36)
Introduction	234	(2)
Heap-Based Memory Allocation	236	(1)
Pre-Allocated Fixed-Sized Buffers	237	(3)
Mbufs in BSD 4.4	240	(1)
Slab Allocation	241	(1)
Linux Slab Allocator	242	(4)
Linux Socket Buffers	246	(8)
Socket Buffers, Fragmentation and Segmentation	254	(5)
Socket Buffer Allocation and Lists	259	(1)
Socket Buffer Utility Functions	260	(6)
Some Practical Considerations	266	(1)
Summary	267	(2)
Sending the Data from the Socket through UDP and TCP	269	(72)
Introduction	270	(1)
Socket Layer Glue	270	(8)
Transport Layer Socket Initialization	278	(4)
Initiating a Connection	282	(7)
Sending Data from a Socket Via UDP	289	(9)
Sending Data from a Socket Via TCP	298	(11)
TCP Output	309	(4)
Some Key TCP Data Structures	313	(13)
TCP Timers	326	(14)
Summary	340	(1)
The Network Layer, IP	341	(116)
Introduction	342	(1)
Routing Theory	342	(1)
IPv4 Routing, Routing Cache, and the Routing Policy Database	343	(2)
IP Protocol Initialization	345	(1)
The Route Cache	346	(14)
The RPDB, the FIB, and the FIB Rules	360	(26)
Routing Input Packets	386	(15)
Routing Output Packets	401	(15)
Internet Peers and the Inet_peer Structure	416	(2)
The Address Resolution Protocol	418	(11)
The Internet Control Message Protocol	429	(9)
Multicast and IGMP	438	(7)
Sending Packets from IP	445	(2)
Receiving Packets in IP	447	(9)
Summary	456	(1)
Receiving Data in the Transport Layer, UDP, and TCP	457	(62)
Introduction	457	(1)
Receive-side Packet Handling	458	(1)
Receiving a Packet in UDP	459	(8)
UDP Socket-level Receive	467	(3)
Receiving Data in TCP	470	(14)
TCP Receive State Processing	484	(9)
TCP Processing Data Segments in Established State	493	(8)
TCP Time_Wait State	501	(7)
TCP Socket-level Receive	508	(10)
Summary	518	(1)
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)	519	(46)
Introduction	520	(1)
Facilities in IPv6	520	(1)
IPv6 Addressing	521	(5)
IPv6 Packet Format	526	(2)
IPv6 Implementation in Linux	528	(5)
IPv6 Socket Implementation	533	(3)
IPv6 Fragmentation and De-fragmentation Implementation	536	(4)
IPv6 Output	540	(1)
IPv6 Input	541	(4)
IPv6 UDP	545	(3)
IPv6 TCP	548	(4)
ICMPv6	552	(2)
Neighbor Discovery	554	(4)
Multicasting and the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Protocol for IPv6	558	(2)
Auto Configuration	560	(1)
Routing and the IPv6 FIB	560	(3)
Summary	563	(2)
Appendix A: RFCs	565	(4)
Appendix B: About the CD-ROM	569	(4)
Bibliography	573	(4)
Index	577