Lippincott Williams & Wilkins' Clinical Medical Assisting

by Molle, Elizabeth A.; Kronenberger, Judy; West-Stack, Connie

• ISBN13: 9780781750288
• ISBN10: 0781750288
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-12-30
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Get a head start in Medical Assisting with Lippincott Williams & Wilkins' Clinical Medical Assisting, Second Edition--the very best and most up-to-date resource for the clinical and lab skills students need to provide patient care in the medical office. This text covers all the competencies outlined by both the AAMA and AMT for Medical Assisting practice. Written for maximum readability and to encourage critical thinking skills, this practical, hands-on resource teaches essential skills. Whether you're a student studying Medical Assisting or a Medical Assisting instructor, you'll find that this text was designed with you in mind! Special features include: / Helpful boxes highlight important information. / Checkpoint Questions throughout the text quiz students on covered material and reinforce key points in the reading. / ESL Glossary: The entire text was reviewed by an ESL expert to ensure the language used is understandable and appropriate for non-native English speakers. A glossary of terms in located in the back of the book. / Spanish Terminology boxes located throughout the text help students communicate with Spanish-speaking patients. / Critical Thinking Challenges at the end of each chapter and What If? Boxes in the text present students with real-life scenarios and problems they will encounter in everyday practice. / Online, personalized tutoring services for students powered by Smarthinking.com Includes bonus CD-ROM! Each text includes a bonus CD-ROM containing certification exam review questions and four interactive case studies to strengthen and challenge your critical thinking skills. Case study topics include: / Triage in an emergency situation, communication and documentation / Patient interviewing, education, and confidentiality and specimen handling / Vital signs, patient education, and right of refusal of treatment / Dealing with a sick patient, infection control, and medication administration

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Reviewers	ix
Acknowledgments	xi
User's Guide	xiii
Contents	xvii
List of Procedures	xviii
SECTION I The Clinical Medical Assistant	1	(2)
Unit One Performing Clinical Duties	3	(226)
Medical Asepsis and Infection Control	4	(24)
Microorganisms, Pathogens, and Normal Flora	6	(3)
Conditions That Favor the Growth of Pathogens	7	(1)
The Infection Cycle	7	(1)
Modes of Transmission	8	(1)
Principles of Infection Control	9	(2)
Medical Asepsis	9	(1)
Levels of Infection Control	10	(1)
Sanitation	10	(1)
Disinfection	11	(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Guidelines for the Medical Office	11	(15)
Exposure Risk Factors and the Exposure Control Plan	12	(1)
Standard Precautions	13	(1)
Personal Protective Equipment	13	(2)
Handling Environmental Contamination	15	(1)
Disposing of Infectious Waste	16	(1)
Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses	17	(9)
Chapter Summary	26	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	26	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	26	(1)
Websites	27	(1)
Medical History and Patient Assessment	28	(12)
The Medical History	29	(1)
Methods of Collecting Information	29	(1)
Elements of the Medical History	29	(1)
Conducting the Patient Interview	30	(4)
Preparing for the Interview	30	(3)
Introducing Yourself	33	(1)
Barriers to Communication	33	(1)
Assessing the Patient	34	(5)
Signs and Symptoms	34	(1)
Chief Complaint and Present Illness	34	(5)
Chapter Summary	39	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	39	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	39	(1)
Websites	39	(1)
Anthropometric Measurements and Vital Signs	40	(32)
Anthropometric Measurements	42	(1)
Weight	42	(1)
Height	42	(1)
Vital Signs	42	(29)
Temperature	42	(5)
Pulse	47	(4)
Respiration	51	(1)
Blood Pressure	52	(19)
Chapter Summary	71	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	71	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	71	(1)
Websites	71	(1)
Assisting With the Physical Examination	72	(18)
Basic Instruments and Supplies	74	(3)
Percussion Hammer	74	(1)
Tuning Fork	74	(1)
Nasal Speculum	75	(1)
Otoscope and Audioscope	75	(1)
Ophthalmoscope	75	(1)
Examination Light and Gooseneck Lamp	76	(1)
Stethoscope	76	(1)
Penlight or Flashlight	76	(1)
Instruments and Supplies Used in Specialized Examinations	77	(2)
Head Light or Mirror	77	(1)
Laryngeal Mirror and Laryngoscope	77	(1)
Vaginal Speculum	77	(1)
Lubricant	78	(1)
Anoscope, Proctoscope, and Sigmoidoscope	78	(1)
Examination Techniques	79	(1)
Inspection	79	(1)
Palpation	79	(1)
Percussion	80	(1)
Auscultation	80	(1)
Responsibilities of the Medical Assistant	80	(2)
Room Preparation	80	(1)
Patient Preparation	80	(1)
Assisting the Physician	80	(1)
Postexamination Duties	81	(1)
Physical Examination Format	82	(3)
Head and Neck	82	(1)
Eyes and Ears	83	(1)
Nose and Sinuses	83	(1)
Mouth and Throat	83	(1)
Chest, Breasts, and Abdomen	84	(1)
Genitalia and Rectum	84	(1)
Legs	84	(1)
Reflexes	84	(1)
Posture, Gait, Coordination, Balance, and Strength	84	(1)
General Health Guidelines and Checkups	85	(4)
Chapter Summary	89	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	89	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	89	(1)
Websites	89	(1)
Surgical Instruments and Sterilization	90	(20)
Principles and Practices of Surgical Asepsis	92	(3)
Sterilization	93	(2)
Surgical Instruments	95	(5)
Forceps	95	(3)
Scissors	98	(2)
Scalpels and Blades	100	(1)
Towel Clamps	100	(1)
Probes and Directors	100	(1)
Retractors	100	(1)
Care and Handling of Surgical Instruments	100	(2)
Storage and Record Keeping	102	(1)
Maintaining Surgical Supplies	102	(6)
Chapter Summary	108	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	108	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	108	(1)
Websites	109	(1)
Assisting With Minor Office Surgery	110	(38)
Preparing and Maintaining a Sterile Field	112	(3)
Sterile Surgical Packs	112	(1)
Sterile Transfer Forceps	113	(1)
Adding Peel-back Packages and Pouring Sterile Solutions	114	(1)
Preparing the Patient for Minor Office Surgery	115	(2)
Patient Instructions and Consent	115	(1)
Positioning and Draping	115	(1)
Preparing the Patient's Skin	116	(1)
Assisting the Physician	117	(4)
Local Anesthetics	117	(1)
Wound Closure	117	(2)
Specimen Collection	119	(1)
Electrosurgery	119	(2)
Laser Surgery	121	(1)
Postsurgical Procedures	121	(3)
Sterile Dressings	121	(3)
Cleaning the Examination Table and Operative Area	124	(1)
Commonly Performed Office Surgical Procedures	124	(1)
Excision of a Lesion	124	(1)
Incision and Drainage	124	(1)
Assisting With Suture and Staple Removal	124	(23)
Chapter Summary	147	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	147	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	147	(1)
Websites	147	(1)
Pharmacology	148	(12)
Medication Names	149	(1)
Legal Regulations	149	(3)
Food and Drug Administration	149	(1)
Drug Enforcement Agency	149	(3)
Sources of Drugs	152	(1)
Drug Actions and Interactions	152	(4)
Pharmacodynamics	152	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	152	(3)
Drug Interactions	155	(1)
Side Effects and Allergies	156	(1)
Sources of Information	156	(1)
Prescriptions	157	(1)
Chapter Summary	158	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	159	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	159	(1)
Websites	159	(1)
Preparing and Administering Medications	160	(40)
Medication Administration Basics	162	(5)
Safety Guidelines	162	(1)
Seven Rights for Correct Medication Administration	162	(2)
Systems of Measurement	164	(3)
Routes of Medication Administration	167	(30)
Oral, Sublingual, and Buccal Routes	168	(1)
Parenteral Administration	169	(28)
Chapter Summary	197	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	197	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	197	(1)
Websites	198	(2)
Diagnostic Imaging	200	(12)
Principles of Radiology	201	(4)
X-rays and X-ray Machines	201	(1)
Outpatient X-rays	202	(1)
Patient Positioning	202	(1)
Examination Sequencing	203	(1)
Radiation Safety	204	(1)
Diagnostic Procedures	205	(4)
Mammography	206	(1)
Contrast Medium Examinations	206	(1)
Fluoroscopy	207	(1)
Computed Tomography	207	(1)
Sonography	208	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	208	(1)
Nuclear Medicine	208	(1)
Interventional Radiological Procedures	209	(1)
Radiation Therapy	209	(1)
The Medical Assistant's Role in Radiological Procedures	209	(1)
Patient Education	209	(1)
Assisting With Examinations	210	(1)
Handling and Storing Radiographic Films	210	(1)
Transfer of Radiographic Information	210	(1)
Teleradiology	211	(1)
Chapter Summary	211	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	211	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	211	(1)
Websites	211	(1)
Medical Office Emergencies	212	(17)
Medical Office Emergency Procedures	214	(1)
Emergency Action Plan	214	(1)
Emergency Medical Kit	214	(1)
The Emergency Medical Services System	215	(1)
Patient Assessment	215	(4)
Recognizing the Emergency	215	(1)
The Primary Assessment	216	(1)
The Secondary Assessment	217	(2)
Types of Emergencies	219	(8)
Shock	219	(1)
Bleeding	220	(1)
Burns	221	(2)
Musculoskeletal Injuries	223	(1)
Cardiovascular Emergencies	223	(1)
Neurological Emergencies	223	(1)
Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions	224	(1)
Poisoning	225	(1)
Heat- and Cold-Related Emergencies	225	(2)
Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies	227	(1)
Chapter Summary	227	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	227	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	227	(1)
Websites	227	(2)
Unit Two Clinical Duties Related to Medical Specialties	229	(272)
Dermatology	230	(24)
Common Disorders of the Integumentary System	232	(8)
Skin Infections	232	(4)
Inflammatory Reactions	236	(1)
Disorders of Wound Healing	237	(1)
Disorders Caused by Pressure	237	(1)
Alopecia	238	(1)
Disorders of Pigmentation	238	(1)
Skin Cancers	239	(1)
Diagnostic Procedures	240	(2)
Physical Examination of the Skin	240	(1)
Wound Cultures	241	(1)
Skin Biopsy	242	(1)
Urine Melanin	242	(1)
Wood's Light Analysis	242	(1)
Bandaging	242	(10)
Types of Bandages	242	(1)
Bandage Application Guidelines	243	(9)
Chapter Summary	252	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	252	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	252	(1)
Websites	253	(1)
Orthopedics	254	(30)
The Musculoskeletal System and Common Disorders	256	(8)
Sprains and Strains	256	(1)
Dislocations	256	(2)
Fractures	258	(4)
Bursitis	262	(1)
Arthritis	262	(1)
Tendonitis	263	(1)
Fibromyalgia	263	(1)
Spine Disorders	264	(1)
Abnormal Spinal Curvatures	264	(1)
Hermiated Intervertebral Disc	264	(1)
Disorders of the Upper Extremities	265	(2)
Rotator Cuff Injury	265	(1)
Adhesive Capsulitis, or Frozen Shoulder	266	(1)
Lateral Epicondylitis, or Tennis Elbow	266	(1)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	266	(1)
Dupuytren Contracture	266	(1)
Disorders of the Lower Extremities	267	(2)
Chrondromalcia Patellae	267	(1)
Plantar Fascitis	267	(1)
Gout	268	(1)
Muscular Dystrophy	268	(1)
Osteoporosis	268	(1)
Bone Tumors	268	(1)
Common Diagnostic Procedures	269	(1)
Physical Examination	269	(1)
Diagnostic Studies	269	(1)
The Role of the Medical Assistant	270	(13)
Warm and Cold Applications	270	(1)
Ambulatory Assist Devices	271	(12)
Chapter Summary	283	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	283	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	283	(1)
Websites	283	(1)
Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology	284	(28)
Common Disorders of the Eye	286	(3)
Cataract	286	(1)
Sty, or Hordeolum	287	(1)
Conjunctivitis	287	(1)
Corneal Ulcer	287	(1)
Retinopathy	287	(1)
Glaucoma	287	(1)
Refractive Errors	288	(1)
Strabismus	288	(1)
Color Deficit	289	(1)
Diagnostic Studies of the Eye	289	(1)
Visual Acuity Testing	289	(1)
Color Deficit Testing	289	(1)
Tonometry and Gonioscopy	290	(1)
Therapeutic Procedures for the Eye	290	(1)
Instilling Eye Medications	290	(1)
Common Disorders of the Ear	291	(2)
Ceruminosis	291	(1)
Conductive and Perceptual Hearing Loss	292	(1)
Meniere's Disease	292	(1)
Otitis Externa	292	(1)
Otitis Media	293	(1)
Otosclerosis	293	(1)
Diagnostic Studies of the Ear	293	(1)
Visual Examination	293	(1)
Audiometry and Tympanometry	293	(1)
Tuning Fork Tests	294	(1)
Therapeutic Procedures for the Ear	294	(1)
Irrigations and Instillations	294	(1)
Common Disorders of the Nose and Throat	294	(2)
Allergic Rhinitis	294	(1)
Epistaxis	295	(1)
Nasal Polyps	295	(1)
Sinusitis	295	(1)
Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis	296	(1)
Laryngitis	296	(1)
Diagnostic Studies of the Nose and Throat	296	(1)
Visual Inspection	296	(1)
Therapeutic Procedures for the Nose and Throat	296	(13)
Throat Culture	296	(13)
Chapter Summary	309	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	309	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	309	(1)
Websites	310	(2)
Pulmonary Medicine	312	(18)
Common Respiratory Disorders	313	(5)
Upper Respiratory Disorders	313	(2)
Lower Respiratory Disorders	315	(2)
Common Cancers of the Respiratory System	317	(1)
Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures	318	(11)
Physical Examination of the Respiratory System	318	(1)
Sputum Culture and Cytology	319	(1)
Chest Radiography	320	(1)
Bronchoscopy	320	(1)
Pulmonary Function Tests	320	(1)
Arterial Blood Gases	320	(9)
Chapter Summary	329	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	329	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	329	(1)
Websites	329	(1)
Cardiology	330	(28)
Common Cardiovascular Disorders	331	(1)
Disorders of the Heart	332	(6)
Carditis	332	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	333	(1)
Mycardial Infarction	333	(1)
Cardiac Arrhythmia	334	(3)
Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease	337	(1)
Disorders of the Blood Vessels	338	(4)
Atherosclerosis	338	(2)
Hypertension	340	(1)
Varicose Veins	340	(1)
Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism	341	(1)
Cerebrovascular Accident	341	(1)
Aneurysm	342	(1)
Anemia	342	(1)
Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures	342	(14)
Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System	343	(1)
Electrocardiogram	344	(3)
Holter Monitor	347	(1)
Chest Radiography	347	(1)
Cardiac Stress Test	348	(1)
Echocardiography	349	(1)
Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Arteriography	349	(7)
Chapter Summary	356	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	356	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	356	(1)
Websites	356	(2)
Gastroenterology	358	(22)
Common Gastrointestinal Disorders	360	(10)
Mouth Disorders	360	(1)
Esophageal Disorders	361	(2)
Stomach Disorders	363	(1)
Intestinal Disorders	363	(5)
Liver Disorders	368	(1)
Gallbladder Disorders	369	(1)
Pancreatic Disorders	370	(1)
Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures	370	(9)
History and Physical Examination of the Gastrointestinal System	370	(1)
Blood Tests	370	(1)
Radiology Studies	370	(1)
Nuclear Imaging	371	(1)
Ultrasonography	372	(1)
Endoscopic Studies	372	(1)
Fecal Tests	373	(6)
Chapter Summary	379	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	379	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	379	(1)
Websites	379	(1)
Neurology	380	(16)
Common Nervous System Disorders	381	(8)
Infectious Disorders	381	(3)
Degenerative Disorders	384	(1)
Seizure Disorders	384	(1)
Developmental Disorders	385	(1)
Trauma	386	(2)
Brain Tumors	388	(1)
Headaches	388	(1)
Common Diagnostic Tests for Disorders of the Nervous System	389	(5)
Physical Examination	389	(1)
Radiological Tests	390	(1)
Electrical Tests	390	(1)
Lumbar Puncture	390	(4)
Chapter Summary	394	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	394	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	394	(1)
Websites	394	(2)
Allergy and Immunology	396	(12)
The Lymphatic and Immune Systems	398	(3)
The Lymphatic System	398	(1)
The Immune System	399	(1)
Antigens and Antibodies	399	(1)
Types of Immunity	400	(1)
Common Lymphatic Disorders	401	(1)
Lymphadenitis	401	(1)
Mononucleosis	401	(1)
Hodgkin Disease	401	(1)
Common Immune Disorders	402	(2)
Allergies	402	(1)
Autoimmunity	402	(1)
Immunodeficiency Diseases	402	(2)
Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures	404	(2)
Allergy Testing	404	(1)
Laboratory Testing for HIV	405	(1)
Chapter Summary	406	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	406	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	406	(1)
Websites	406	(2)
Urology	408	(18)
Common Urinary Disorders	410	(2)
Renal Failure	410	(1)
Calculi	411	(1)
Tumors	411	(1)
Hydronephrosis	411	(1)
Urinary System Infections	411	(1)
Common Disorders of the Male Reproductive System	412	(3)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	413	(1)
Prostate Cancer	414	(1)
Testicular Cancer	414	(1)
Hydrocele	414	(1)
Cryptorchidism	414	(1)
Inguinal Hernia	415	(1)
Infections	415	(1)
Impotence	415	(1)
Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures	415	(9)
Urinalysis	415	(1)
Blood Tests	416	(1)
Cystoscopy, or Cystourethroscopy	416	(1)
Intravenous Pyelogram and Retrograde Pyelogram	417	(1)
Ultrasound	417	(1)
Rectal and Scrotal Examinations	417	(1)
Vasectomy	418	(6)
Chapter Summary	424	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	424	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	424	(1)
Websites	424	(2)
Obstetrics and Gynecology	426	(30)
Gynecological Disorders	429	(6)
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding	429	(1)
Premenstrual Syndrome	429	(1)
Endometriosis	430	(1)
Uterine Prolapse and Displacement	430	(1)
Leiomyomas	431	(1)
Ovarian Cysts	431	(1)
Gynecological Cancers	432	(1)
Infertility	433	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	433	(2)
Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures	435	(1)
The Gynecological Examination	435	(1)
Colposcopy	436	(1)
Hysterosalpingography	436	(1)
Dilation and Curettage	436	(1)
Obstetric Care	436	(6)
Diagnosis of Pregnancy	437	(1)
First Prenatal Visit	437	(2)
Subsequent Prenatal Visits	439	(1)
Onset of Labor	439	(2)
Postpartum Care	441	(1)
Obstetric Disorders	442	(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy	442	(1)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum	442	(1)
Abortion	442	(1)
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia	442	(1)
Placenta Previa and Abruptio Placentae	443	(1)
Common Obstetric Tests and Procedures	443	(2)
Pregnancy Test	443	(1)
Alpha Fetoprotein	443	(1)
Fetal Ultrasonography	443	(2)
Contraction Stress Test and Nonstress Test	445	(1)
Contraception	445	(9)
Menopause	445	(9)
Chapter Summary	454	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	454	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	455	(1)
Websites	455	(1)
Pediatrics	456	(28)
The Pediatric Practice	457	(8)
Safety	458	(1)
Types of Pediatric Office Visits	458	(7)
Child Development	465	(1)
Psychological Aspects of Care	465	(1)
Physiological Aspects of Care	466	(1)
The Pediatric Physical Examination	466	(5)
The Pediatric History	468	(1)
Obtaining and Recording Measurements and Vital Signs	468	(3)
Using Restraints	471	(1)
Administering Medications	471	(1)
Oral Medications	472	(1)
Injections	472	(1)
Collecting a Urine Specimen	472	(1)
Understanding Child Abuse	473	(1)
Pediatric Illnesses and Disorders	473	(9)
Impetigo	473	(1)
Meningitis	474	(1)
Encephalitis	474	(1)
Tetanus	474	(1)
Cerebral Palsy	474	(1)
Croup	474	(1)
Epiglottitis	475	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	475	(1)
Asthma	475	(1)
Otitis Media	476	(1)
Tonsillitis	476	(1)
Obesity	476	(1)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	476	(6)
Chapter Summary	482	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	482	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	482	(1)
Websites	482	(2)
Geriatrics	484	(17)
Concepts of Aging	486	(1)
Reinforcing Medical Compliance in the Elderly	486	(1)
Reinforcing Mental Health in the Elderly	487	(1)
Coping with Aging	488	(1)
Alcoholism	488	(1)
Suicide	488	(1)
Long-Term Care	489	(1)
Elder Abuse	489	(1)
Medications and the Elderly	490	(1)
Systemic Changes in the Elderly	491	(1)
Diseases of the Elderly	491	(5)
Parkinson's Disease	491	(5)
Alzheimer's Disease	496	(1)
Maintaining Optimum Health	496	(2)
Exercise	496	(2)
Diet	498	(1)
Safety	498	(1)
Chapter Summary	498	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	498	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	498	(1)
Websites	499	(2)
SECTION II The Clinical Laboratory	501	(2)
Unit Three Performing Laboratory Procedures	503	(192)
Introduction to the Clinical Laboratory	504	(24)
Types of Laboratories	506	(2)
Reference Laboratory	506	(1)
Hospital Laboratory	507	(1)
Physician Office Laboratory	507	(1)
Laboratory Departments	508	(3)
Hematology	508	(1)
Coagulation	508	(1)
Clinical Chemistry	508	(1)
Toxicology	508	(1)
Urinalysis	509	(1)
Immunohematology	509	(1)
Immunology	509	(1)
Microbiology	510	(1)
Anatomical and Surgical Pathology	510	(1)
Laboratory Personnel	511	(1)
Physician Office Laboratory Testing	511	(1)
Laboratory Equipment	511	(3)
Cell Counter	511	(1)
Microscope	511	(1)
Chemistry Analyzers	512	(1)
Centrifuges	513	(1)
Incubator	513	(1)
Refrigerators and Freezers	513	(1)
Glassware	513	(1)
Laboratory Safety	514	(5)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration	517	(1)
Safety Guidelines	518	(1)
Incident Reports	519	(1)
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments	519	(8)
Levels of Testing	520	(1)
Laboratory Standards	521	(6)
Chapter Summary	527	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	527	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	527	(1)
Websites	527	(1)
Microbiology	528	(28)
Microbiological Life Forms	529	(3)
Bacteria	529	(1)
Rickettsias and Chlamydiae	530	(1)
Fungi	530	(2)
Viruses	532	(1)
Protozoa	532	(1)
Metazoa	532	(1)
Microbiological Testing: The Medical Assistant's Role	532	(1)
Specimen Collection and Handling	532	(5)
Types of Specimens	533	(1)
Types of Culture Media	534	(1)
Caring for the Media	534	(1)
Transporting the Specimen	535	(2)
Microscopic Examination of Microorganisms	537	(1)
Smears and Slides	537	(1)
Gram Staining: A Diagnostic Tool	537	(17)
Identification by Staining	537	(1)
Microbiological Inoculation	538	(1)
Sensitivity Testing	538	(1)
Streptococcal Testing	539	(15)
Chapter Summary	554	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	554	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	554	(2)
Urinalysis	556	(26)
Specimen Collection Methods	557	(2)
Clean-Catch Midstream Urine Specimen	558	(1)
Bladder Catheterization	558	(1)
Suprapublic Aspiration	558	(1)
24-Hour Urine Collection	558	(1)
Physical Properties of Urine	559	(1)
Color	559	(1)
Clarity	559	(1)
Specific Gravity	559	(1)
Chemical Properties of Urine	560	(2)
pH	560	(1)
Glucose	560	(1)
Ketones	561	(1)
Proteins	561	(1)
Blood	561	(1)
Bilirubin	561	(1)
Urobilinogen	562	(1)
Nitrite	562	(1)
Leukocyte Esterase	562	(1)
Urine Sediment	562	(3)
Structures Found in Urine Sediment	562	(3)
Urine Pregnancy Testing	565	(16)
Urine Drug Testing	566	(15)
Chapter Summary	581	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	581	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	581	(1)
Websites	581	(1)
Phlebotomy	582	(30)
General Blood Drawing Equipment	583	(2)
Blood Drawing Station	583	(1)
Gloves	583	(1)
Antiseptics	584	(1)
Spill Kit Supplies and Instructions	584	(1)
Gauze Pads	585	(1)
Bandages	585	(1)
Needle and Sharps Disposal Containers	585	(1)
Venipuncture Equipment	585	(1)
Tourniquets	585	(1)
Needles	585	(1)
Blood Collection Systems	586	(5)
Evacuated Tube System	586	(1)
Syringe System	587	(1)
Winged Infusion Set	587	(4)
Order of Draw	591	(1)
Skin Puncture (Microcollection) Equipment	591	(2)
Lancets	592	(1)
Microhematocrit Tubes	592	(1)
Microcollection Containers	592	(1)
Filter Paper Test Requisitions	593	(1)
Warming Devices	593	(1)
Patient Preparation	593	(1)
Performing a Venipuncture	594	(2)
Selection of the Venipuncture Site	595	(1)
Complications of Venipuncture	595	(1)
Performing a Skin Puncture	596	(15)
Complications of Skin Puncture	597	(14)
Chapter Summary	611	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	611	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	611	(1)
Hematology	612	(28)
Formation of Blood Cells	613	(1)
Hematological Testing	613	(1)
Complete Blood Count	614	(5)
White Blood Cell Count and Differential	614	(2)
Red Blood Cell Count	616	(1)
Hemoglobin	617	(1)
Hematocrit	618	(1)
Mean Cell Volume	618	(1)
Mean Cell Hemoglobin and Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration	618	(1)
Platelet Count	618	(1)
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate	619	(1)
Coagulation Tests	619	(20)
Prothrombin Time	619	(1)
Partial Thromboplastin Time	619	(1)
Bleeding Time	620	(19)
Chapter Summary	639	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	639	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	639	(1)
Websites	639	(1)
Serology and Immunohematology	640	(16)
Antigens and Antibodies	641	(1)
Serology Test Methods and Principles	642	(1)
Agglutination Test	642	(1)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays	642	(1)
Reagent and Kit Storage and Handling	643	(1)
Following Test Procedures	643	(1)
Quality Assurance and Quality Control	643	(1)
External Controls	643	(1)
Internal Controls	644	(1)
Serology Tests	644	(2)
Rheumatoid Factor and Rheumatoid Arthritis	644	(1)
Infectious Mononucleosis	644	(1)
Rapid Plasma Reagin Test for Syphilis	644	(1)
Pregnancy Test	645	(1)
Group A Streptococcus	645	(1)
Immunohematology	646	(2)
Blood Group Antigens	646	(1)
Blood Group Testing	647	(1)
Blood Supply	648	(6)
Chapter Summary	654	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	654	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	654	(2)
Clinical Chemistry	656	(39)
Instruments and Methodology	657	(1)
Renal Function	657	(2)
Electrolytes	658	(1)
Nonprotein Nitrogenous Compounds	659	(1)
Liver Function	659	(1)
Bilirubin	659	(1)
Enzymes	660	(1)
Thyroid Function	660	(1)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone	660	(1)
Cardiac Function	660	(1)
Creatine Kinase-MB	660	(1)
Troponin	660	(1)
Pancreatic Function	660	(2)
Pancreatic Enzymes	661	(1)
Pancreatic Hormones and Carbohydrate Metabolism	661	(1)
Lipids and Lipoproteins	662	(7)
Cholesterol	662	(1)
Low-Density Lipoprotein	663	(1)
High-Density Lipoprotein	663	(1)
Triglycerides	663	(6)
Chapter Summary	669	(1)
Critical Thinking Challenges	669	(1)
Answers to Checkpoint Questions	670	(1)
Websites	670	(3)
Appendices
Appendix A: Medical Assisting Role Delineation Chart	673	(2)
Appendix B: Key English-to-Spanish Health Care Phrases	675	(5)
Appendix C: Abbreviations Commonly Used in Documentation	680	(3)
Appendix D: Metric Measurements	683	(1)
Appendix E: Celsius--Fahrenheit Temperature Conversion Scale	684	(1)
Appendix F: Laboratory Tests	685	(4)
Appendix G: Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	689	(2)
Appendix H: Using an Automatic External Defibrillator	691	(2)
Appendix I: Managing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction	693	(2)
Glossary of Key Terms	695	(20)
ESL Glossary	715	(6)
Index	721