Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics

by Menon; E. Shashi

• ISBN13: 9780824753177
• ISBN10: 0824753178
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-06-21
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics addresses issues affecting the day-to-day practices of those who design, operate, and purchase liquid pipelines in the oil, water, and process industries. Written by a professional engineer and consultant with more than 30 years of experience in pipeline design and construction, the book Illustrates key principles in fluid mechanics without the use of complicated formulas and theorems through the author's personal experiences in the application of pipeline hydraulics. This volume supplies numerous practical examples and applications for an in-depth understanding of liquid properties, as well as the layout, assessment, and enhancement of effective pipeline systems.

Author Biography

E. Shashi Menon is Engineering and Computer Consultant, SYSTEK Technologies, Inc., Lake Havasu City, Arizona.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Introduction	1	(3)
Properties of Liquids	4	(28)
Units of Measurement	4	(4)
Mass, Volume, Density, and Specific Weight	8	(3)
Specific Gravity and API Gravity	11	(4)
Viscosity	15	(9)
Vapor Pressure	24	(2)
Bulk Modulus	26	(1)
Fundamental Concepts of Fluid Flow	27	(3)
Summary	30	(1)
Problems	30	(2)
Pressure Drop due to Friction	32	(33)
Pressure	32	(6)
Velocity	38	(1)
Reynolds Number	39	(2)
Flow Regimes	41	(1)
Friction Factor	42	(5)
Pressure Drop due to Friction	47	(2)
Colebrook-White Equation	49	(1)
Hazen-Williams Equation	50	(2)
Shell-MIT Equation	52	(2)
Miller Equation	54	(2)
T.R. Aude Equation	56	(1)
Minor Losses	57	(4)
Internally Coated Pipes and Drag Reduction	61	(2)
Summary	63	(1)
Problems	63	(2)
Pipe Analysis	65	(9)
Allowable Operating Pressure and Hydrostatic Test Pressure	65	(2)
Barlow's Equation for Internal Pressure	67	(3)
Line Fill Volume and Batches	70	(3)
Summary	73	(1)
Problems	73	(1)
Pressure and Horsepower Required	74	(36)
Total Pressure Required	75	(4)
Hydraulic Pressure Gradient	79	(6)
Series Piping	85	(2)
Parallel Piping	87	(3)
Transporting High Vapor Pressure Liquids	90	(1)
Horsepower Required	91	(4)
Effect of Gravity and Viscosity	95	(1)
System Head Curves	96	(3)
Injections and Deliveries	99	(3)
Pipe Branches	102	(2)
Pipe Loops	104	(4)
Summary	108	(1)
Problems	108	(2)
Multi-Pump Station Pipelines	110	(12)
Hydraulic Balance and Pump Stations Required	110	(4)
Telescoping Pipe Wall Thickness	114	(1)
Change of Pipe Grade: Grade Tapering	115	(1)
Slack Line and Open Channel Flow	116	(2)
Batching Different Liquids	118	(2)
Summary	120	(1)
Problems	120	(2)
Pump Analysis	122	(33)
Centrifugal Pumps Versus Reciprocating Pumps	122	(3)
Pump Head Versus Flow Rate	125	(2)
Pump Efficiency Versus Flow Rate	127	(2)
BHP Versus Flow Rate	129	(3)
NPSH Versus Flow Rate	132	(1)
Specific Speed	132	(2)
Affinity Laws: Variation with Impeller Speed and Diameter	134	(3)
Effect of Specific Gravity and Viscosity on Pump Performance	137	(4)
Pump Curve Analysis	141	(4)
Pump Head Curve Versus System Head Curve	145	(2)
Multiple Pumps Versus System Head Curve	147	(1)
NPSH Required Versus NPSH Available	148	(4)
Summary	152	(1)
Problems	152	(3)
Pump Station Design	155	(14)
Suction Pressure and Discharge Pressure	155	(2)
Control Pressure and Throttle Pressure	157	(2)
Variable-Speed Pumps	159	(7)
Summary	166	(1)
Problems	166	(3)
Thermal Hydraulics	169	(17)
Temperature-Dependent Flow	169	(4)
Formulas for Thermal Hydraulics	173	(11)
Summary	184	(1)
Problems	185	(1)
Flow Measurement	186	(15)
History	186	(1)
Flow Meters	187	(1)
Venturi Meter	188	(2)
Flow Nozzle	190	(2)
Orifice Meter	192	(2)
Turbine Meters	194	(1)
Positive Displacement Meter	195	(4)
Summary	199	(1)
Problems	199	(2)
Unsteady Flow in Pipelines	201	(13)
Steady Versus Unsteady Flow	201	(1)
Transient Flow due to Valve Closure	202	(3)
Wave Speed in Pipeline	205	(5)
Transients in Cross-Country Pipelines	210	(2)
Summary	212	(1)
Problems	212	(2)
Pipeline Economics	214	(15)
Economic Analysis	214	(3)
Capital Costs	217	(4)
Operating Costs	221	(1)
Feasibility Studies and Economic Pipe Size	222	(5)
Summary	227	(1)
Problems	228	(1)
Appendix A: Tables and Charts	229	(12)
Appendix B: Answers to Selected Problems	241	(3)
Appendix C: Summary of Formulas	244	(25)
References	269	(2)
Index	271