The Literacy Gaps; Bridge-Building Strategies for English Language Learners and Standard English Learners

by Ivannia Soto-Hinman

• ISBN13: 9781412975216
• ISBN10: 1412975212
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-08-11
• Publisher: Corwin Pr

Summary

'The book makes a contribution to the education of English language learners. It provides practical instructional suggestions for teachers of both ELLs and SELs that are informed by a deep understanding of theories of second language and second dialect acquisition and the development of reading and writing proficiencies.'ùGuadalupe ValdTs, Professor of EducationStanford University'The concepts of gaps and bridges are clearly articulated up front and provide a well-structured theme that unites the various parts of the text. The use of this structure provides a logical and coherent mechanism for providing a complete picture of the problemùthe literacy gap between ELs and native speakersùand a means for addressing this problem.'ùKristina Anstrom, Senior Research ScientistThe George Washington University Center for Equity and Excellence in EducationBuild bridges of support so English language learners can learn alongside their peers!English language learners (ELLs) and standard English learners (SELs) face multiple gaps as they strive to achieve, so educators need to take a holistic, comprehensive approach to bridge those gaps and meet the needs of ELLs and SELs in the classroom.Based on an original, well-researched framework, this much-needed resource provides practical strategies for supporting learning and success for ELLs. The authors provide strategies, examples, and classroom tools to address:The gap between students and texts: covering word recognition, background knowledge, comprehension, and academic language developmentThe gap between students and teachers: including socio-cultural differences between teachers and students, and teacher perceptions and expectationsThe gap between students and their peers: discussing language proficiency differences, grouping strategies, and grade-level and schoolwide programsThe Literacy Gaps helps educators give ELLs the skills they need to close the most important gap of all: the achievement gap.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Introduction to the Achievement Gap and the "Literacy Gaps Model"

Demographic Patterns

Language Spoken and Socioeconomic Factors

ELL Achievement

Standard English Learners

The National Literacy Panel

The Literacy Gaps Model

Overview of Book Chapters

Summary

Decoding: Word Recognition Strategies and Fluency

Introduction

The Gap Between the Student and the Text

Decoding and Readability of Text

Decoding

English Language Development

Background Knowledge

Summary

Background Knowledge and Experiences

Schema Fit: Becoming a Text Participant

Context: Becoming a Text User (Active Participant)

Linkages: Becoming a Text Analyst (Reading Critically)

Summary

Comprehension

Comprehension Gap

Academic Language

Passage Comprehension

Summary

English Language Development and Academic English

Specialized Language Needs of ELLs

Needs of Standard English Learners

Academic Language Development Lesson Plan

Summary

Perceptions and Expectations

Were Called on Less Frequently and Were Provided Less Time to Respond

Were Given the Answer Rather Than Helped to Solve the Problem Themselves

Were Criticized More Often, and Praised Less

Were Paid Less Positive Attention, but Disciplined More Strictly

Cultural Differences

Connecting the Literacy Domains in Second Language Acquisition

Parental Involvement and the Literacy Domains

Culturally Responsive Teaching

Comprehensive Education

Multidimensional Approaches

Empowerment

Transformative Learning

Emancipatory Education

Summary

Socioeconomic Differences

Implicit and Explicit Codes

Discourse Patterns

Interactional Styles

Written Language Codes

Resource Access

Summary

Language Variables

Academic Language Competence

Summary

Grouping Strategies

Micro Structures That Bridge Language Proficiency Gaps

Macro Structures That Bridge Language Proficiency Gaps

Summary

Beyond the Gap/Envisioning the Future

The Literacy Gaps Model

Summary

Glossary

Index

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