Acknowledgments | p. ix |
Introduction | p. xi |
How to Use This Book | p. xiii |
Exposure, Light, and Film | p. 1 |
Painting with Light | p. 2 |
Measuring ana Controlling Light | p. 4 |
Shutter Speed | p. 4 |
Aperture | p. 7 |
Light Conditions | p. 10 |
Bright Sunlight | p. 10 |
High-Contrast Subjects | p. 10 |
Back Lighting | p. 12 |
Low Light | p. 14 |
What Is Film? | p. 15 |
Choosing the Right Film | p. 16 |
Color Slide Film | p. 16 |
Color Print Film | p. 16 |
Black-and-White Film | p. 17 |
Film Attributes | p. 17 |
Speeds | p. 17 |
Color Sensitivity | p. 18 |
Equipment | p. 21 |
The Camera | p. 22 |
Exposure Control | p. 22 |
Metering Methods | p. 23 |
Shutter Speeds | p. 23 |
Focusing Screens and Viewfinder Accessories | p. 24 |
Manual or Auto-Focus? | p. 24 |
Depth-of-Field Preview | p. 24 |
Motor Drives | p. 25 |
Lenses | p. 25 |
Angle of View | p. 25 |
Wide-Angle Lenses | p. 26 |
Short Telephoto Lenses | p. 26 |
Long Telephoto Lenses | p. 26 |
Zoom Lenses | p. 27 |
Camera Supports | p. 27 |
Filters | p. 29 |
Skylight Filters | p. 30 |
Polarizing Filters | p. 31 |
Warming Filters | p. 31 |
Neutral-Density Filters | p. 32 |
Motor Drives | p. 32 |
Other Accessories | p. 33 |
Composition and Perspective | p. 35 |
Identifying Your Subject | p. 37 |
Form and Light | p. 39 |
Perspective: Choosing Your Vantage Point | p. 41 |
The Rule of Thirds: Subject Placement | p. 43 |
The Power of Lines, Texture, and Repetition | p. 46 |
Format | p. 50 |
The Landscape | p. 53 |
Basic Landscape Design | p. 54 |
Simplify, Simplify, Simplify | p. 54 |
Illustrating Scope | p. 57 |
Illustrating Depth | p. 59 |
The Ever-Changing Light | p. 62 |
The Edge of Light | p. 63 |
Weather | p. 65 |
Special Places | p. 65 |
Mountains | p. 66 |
Canyons | p. 67 |
Seascapes | p. 69 |
Moving Water | p. 70 |
Deep Forests | p. 70 |
Fall Foliage | p. 73 |
Close-Up Photography | p. 75 |
Equipment | p. 76 |
Composition | p. 78 |
Depth of Field | p. 83 |
Lighting | p. 85 |
Natural Light | p. 86 |
Artificial Light | p. 88 |
Shooting Wildlife | p. 91 |
Equipment | p. 92 |
Animal Nature | p. 96 |
Stalking and Concealment | p. 100 |
Getting the Great Shot | p. 102 |
People in the Outdoors | p. 105 |
Faces | p. 106 |
Composition | p. 109 |
Lighting | p. 112 |
Special Conditions | p. 116 |
Winter | p. 116 |
Water | p. 117 |
People in Action | p. 117 |
Encountering the Unusual | p. 121 |
Wild Skies | p. 121 |
Virga, Rainbows, and Clouds | p. 122 |
Sunrises and Sunsets | p. 124 |
Lightning | p. 125 |
Following the Heavens | p. 126 |
Star Trails | p. 127 |
The Moon | p. 127 |
The Sun and Solar Eclipses | p. 130 |
Aerial Photography | p. 130 |
The Special Challenges of Fieldwork | p. 133 |
Basic Camera Packs | p. 133 |
Coping with Weather | p. 134 |
Cold | p. 134 |
Heat | p. 137 |
Humidity | p. 139 |
Keeping Your Equipment Clean | p. 140 |
Dust and Sand | p. 140 |
Water | p. 141 |
Storage and Display of Prints and Slides | p. 145 |
Storage | p. 146 |
Slides | p. 146 |
Prints | p. 147 |
Display | p. 147 |
The Slide Show | p. 147 |
Prints | p. 149 |
Digital Technology and the Digital Camera | p. 151 |
The Digital Camera | p. 153 |
Megapixels | p. 153 |
Memory | p. 154 |
Zoom | p. 156 |
Exposure | p. 158 |
Choosing Your Camera | p. 159 |
Point-and-Shoot Cameras | p. 159 |
The Next Level | p. 160 |
Advanced Cameras and Professional SLRs | p. 160 |
Capturing and Sharing Your Digital Pictures | p. 163 |
Direct Printing to a Printer with a USB Connection | p. 163 |
Memory Card Slots | p. 164 |
Docking Stations | p. 164 |
Transferring Images to Your Computer | p. 165 |
Downloading to an On-line Photo Service | p. 165 |
Making the Most of Your Images | p. 166 |
File Formats | p. 169 |
Choosing a Desktop Printer | p. 171 |
Organization and Storage | p. 174 |
Glossary | p. 177 |
Index | p. 187 |
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