As Long as the Grass Shall Grow and Rivers Flow A History of Native Americans

by Trafzer, Clifford E.

• ISBN13: 9780155038578
• ISBN10: 0155038575
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-11-18
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Although coverage chronologically spans from prehistory to the present, the emphasis is on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is written in a readable, flowing manner and is deeply rooted in native traditions and lore. The title is a reference to a message sent by President Andrew Jackson to the Choctaws and Chickasaws indicating that, as a friend, he planned to move the people to the Trans-Mississippi West to "land of their own, which they shall possess as long as grass grows or water runs."

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Breathing Life into Being	1	(19)
Oral Narrative as History	1	(4)
Iroquois, Maidu, and Choctaw Stories	5	(6)
Native Stories as Historical Narrative	11	(2)
Themes of Native American History	13	(7)
Invasion	20	(23)
Reconquista, Resettlement, and Slavery	21	(5)
Conquest of Mexico	26	(2)
Invasion along the Borderlands	28	(2)
Pueblo Revolt	30	(2)
Invasion of California's Indians	32	(4)
Indians, Spaniards, and the Borderlands	36	(2)
Quechans and Spaniards	38	(5)
Native Americans and Northern European Resettlement	43	(19)
First Nations and French Resettlement	43	(7)
Native and Dutch Traders	50	(5)
Native Alaskans and Russian Traders	55	(7)
American Indians and English Resettlement	62	(18)
Roanoke and Jamestown	62	(3)
Powhatan and Pamunkeys	65	(2)
Opechancanough and Virginia	67	(2)
Pilgrims, Wampanoags, and Massachusetts	69	(2)
Puritans and Native Americans	71	(2)
White War against Pequots	73	(2)
Forced Removal and Puritan Reservations	75	(5)
Native Survival and European Imperialism	80	(17)
English Expansion	80	(2)
Colonial Indian Policies	82	(2)
King William's War	84	(1)
Queen Anne's War	85	(1)
King George's War	86	(1)
The Seven Year's War	87	(5)
Cherokees, Sovereignty, and Pontiac	92	(2)
Proclamation Line, 1763	94	(3)
Native Americans, Revolution, and the Early National Era	97	(26)
Westward Expansion	98	(1)
Cherokees and the Revolution	99	(1)
Iroquois and the Revolution	100	(2)
Tribes of the Old Northwest	102	(4)
Ordinances and Indians	106	(2)
Buffalo Party and Federal Indian Policy	108	(3)
War along the Ohio	111	(3)
Battle of Fallen Timbers	114	(3)
Southern Tribes	117	(3)
Handsome Lake	120	(3)
Native Americans, Jefferson, and Jackson	123	(24)
White Expansion and Internal Improvements	123	(2)
Tensk watawa and Tecumseh	125	(6)
Battle of Tippecanoe	131	(1)
Native Americans and the War of 1812	132	(4)
Battle of the Thames	136	(1)
Muscogee Patriots	137	(2)
Resistance and Survival	139	(1)
Black Hawk's Resistance	140	(2)
Forced Removal	142	(5)
Forced Removal	147	(25)
Indian Law and Removal	147	(1)
Origins of Forced Removal	148	(2)
Cherokee Resistance and Republic	150	(7)
Choctaw Removal	157	(1)
Chickasaw Removal	158	(1)
Muskcogee Removal	159	(4)
Seminole Removal	163	(2)
Removal of Old Northwestern Tribes	165	(1)
Wyandot Removal	166	(6)
Native Americans and Westward Expansion	172	(30)
Native Americans and Lewis and Clark	172	(5)
The Fur Trade	177	(2)
Missionaries, Oregon Trail, and Killings	179	(4)
Northwestern Treaties and Wars	183	(5)
Texas Rangers and Native Americans	188	(2)
Invading the Navajo	190	(2)
Quechan, Cahuilla, and Cupeno Resistance	192	(1)
Gold Rush and Murders	193	(3)
California's Law and Disorder	196	(2)
California Indian Treaties and Reservations	198	(4)
American Indians During the Civil War	202	(28)
Civil War in Indian Territory	202	(2)
Native Americans and the Confederacy	204	(2)
Reconstruction and Native Americans	206	(2)
Shoshoni, Paiute, and Dakota Resistance	208	(2)
Resistance on the Southern Plains	210	(4)
Apache and Yavapai Resistance	214	(6)
Navajo and Mescalero Apaches	220	(10)
War, Peace, and Confinement	230	(27)
The Doolittle Commission and the Peace Policy	230	(3)
Reduction of Indian Territory	233	(3)
Native Resistance on the Southern Plains	236	(11)
Native Resistance on the Northern Plains	247	(10)
Native American Resistance	257	(23)
Modoc War	257	(2)
Nez Perce and the Thief Treaty	259	(10)
Shoshoni, Bannock, and Paiute Resistance	269	(1)
Last Apache Wars	270	(10)
Reservations, Civilizations, and Allotment	280	(21)
The Reservation System	280	(2)
Humanitarians and Acculturation	282	(4)
Education and Christianization	286	(6)
Indian Health on Reservations	292	(9)
Survival Through Peyote, Ghost Dance, and Religious Revitalization	301	(25)
Cultural Stress, Survival, and Work	301	(4)
Survival through Tradition and Change	305	(6)
Resistance through Religion	311	(1)
Mourning and Native American Remains	312	(1)
Religious Revitalization and Cultural Survival	313	(3)
Problems and Responses	316	(2)
Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee	318	(8)
Indians and Progressives	326	(24)
Toward Allotment	326	(7)
Exploiting Native American Resources	333	(6)
Pueblo Lands and Reformers	339	(2)
Investigations and Changes	341	(4)
Meriam Report, 1928	345	(5)
Indian New Deal	350	(20)
Launching the Indian New Deal	350	(4)
Indian Reorganization Act, 1934	354	(5)
Assessment of the Indian Reorganization Act	359	(3)
Indian Claims Commission	362	(8)
Native Americans and World War II	370	(18)
Native Americans and Early War Efforts	370	(1)
Native American Soldiers, Sailors, and Defense Workers	371	(2)
Japanese Internment on Reservations	373	(1)
Native War Efforts	374	(9)
Native American Contributions and Changes	383	(5)
Termination and Self-Determination	388	(28)
Native Americans in Postwar America	388	(1)
Termination	389	(6)
Relocation	395	(3)
Paternalism to Partnership	398	(2)
Johnson Years	400	(2)
Nixon Years	402	(3)
Native American Education	405	(5)
Native American Health	410	(6)
Activism, Alcatraz, and Wounded Knee	416	(30)
Recent Native American Activism	416	(4)
Fish-Ins	420	(3)
Red Power and Alcatraz Island	423	(3)
Broken Treaties and Wounded Knee	426	(6)
Self-Determination	432	(8)
Indian Gaming	440	(6)
Native American Fine Arts	446	(25)
Architecture	447	(3)
Pottery	450	(3)
Painting	453	(4)
Sculpture, Carving, and Dry Painting	457	(4)
Baskets, Beads, and Textiles	461	(4)
Silverwork, Quills, and Ribbons	465	(6)
Literature and the Performing Arts	471	(30)
Oral Literature and Autobiography	471	(3)
Poetry	474	(5)
Fiction	479	(7)
Nonfiction	486	(5)
Performing Arts	491	(10)
Continuing Circle	501	(10)
Index	511	(27)
Credits	538