The Longman Academic Writing Series helps students master the academic writing skills needed to succeed in their academic careers. The
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The Longman Academic Writing Series helps students master the academic writing skills needed to succeed in their academic careers. The
LAWS 2 Table of Contents
Contents
To the Teacher………………………………………………………………………………………xx
Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………… xx
Chapter Overview………………………………………………………………………………… xx
CHAPTER 1 Describing People ………………………………..…………… 1
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 2
Prewriting ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
Asking Questions and Taking Notes ………………………………………… 2
Organization ………………………………………………………………………………… 4
Looking at the Models ……………………………………………………………… 5
Looking at Vocabulary Descriptive Adjectives ……………… 6
Formatting the Page …………………………………………………………… 8
Grammar and Mechanics ……………………………………………………… 14
Sentences ……………………………………………………………………….…… 14
Capitalization ……………………………………………………………………… 18
Sentence Structure ………………………………………………………………… 20
Simple Sentences ……………………………………………………………… 20
Sentence Combining …………………………………………………………. 24
Applying Vocabulary Descriptive Adjectives ………………………… 26
The Writing Process ………………………………………………………………… 27
Writing Assignment A Paragraph about a Family Member … 31
Self-Assessment……………………………………………………………………… 32
Expansion……………………………………………………………………………… 33
Timed Writing A Paragraph about Someone You Admire…… 33
Your Journal………………………………………………………………………… 33
CHAPTER 2 Listing-Order Paragraphs………………….…………… 34
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 35
Prewriting ………………………………………………………………………………… 35
Clustering ……………………………………………………………………………… 35
Listing-Order Paragraphs …………………………………………………………. 37
Looking at the Model ……………………………………………………………… 38
Looking at Vocabulary Intensifiers ………………………………………… 38
Organization ……………………………………………………………………………… 40
The Topic Sentence ……………………………………………………………… 40
Supporting Sentences …………………………………………………………… 47
Listing-Order Transition Signals …………………………………………… 49
The Concluding Sentence ……………………………………………………… 52
Outlining Creating an Outline from a Cluster ……………………… 56
Sentence Structure …………………………………………………………………… 58
Compound Sentences ……………………………………………………….…… 58
Coordinating Conjunctions And, But, Or, and So ………………… 61
Common Sentence Errors Run-ons and Comma Splices…… 64
Applying Vocabulary Using Intensifiers………………………………… 66
Writing Assignment A Paragraph about a Career……………… 67
Self-Assessment ………………………………………………………………………… 68
Expansion …………………………………………………………………………………… 69
Timed Writing A Paragraph about a Boss …………………………… 69
Your Journal …………………………………………………………………………… 69
CHAPTER 3 Giving Instructions ……………………………………….. 70
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 71
Prewriting ………………………………………………………………………………… 71
Listing ……………………………………………………………………………………… 71
“How-To” Paragraphs …………………………………………………………… 73
Looking at the Model ……………………………………………………………… 74
Looking at Vocabulary Descriptive Adverbs ..…………………………75
Organization……………………………………………………………………………………76
Topic Sentences and Concluding Sentences………………………… 76
Time-Order and Listing-Order Transition Signals………………… 78
Outlining Creating an Outline from an Edited List ……… 83
Sentence Structure …………………………………………………………………… 86
Independent and Dependent Clauses …………………………………… 86
Complex Sentences with Time Clauses ………………………………… 87
Common Sentence Errors: Fragments ………………………………… 91
Summary Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences …… 92
Mechanics ………………………………………………………………………………… 96
Capitalization: Four More Rules …………………………………………… 96
Punctuation: Commas …………………………………………………………… 99
Applying Vocabulary Words that Describe How to Do Things 102
Writing Assignment A “How-To” Paragraph ……………………… 103
Self-Assessment ……………………………………………………………………… 104
Expansion …………………………………………………………………………………… 104
Timed Writing A Paragraph about How to Do Well in a Class ……… 104
Your Journal ………………………………………………….…………………….… 105
CHAPTER 4 Describing with Space Order …………………………… 106
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 107
Prewriting …………………………………………………………………………….…… 107
Listing Descriptive Details ………………………………………………… 107
Descriptive Paragraphs …………………………………………………………… 110
Space Order …………………………………………………………………………… 110
Looking at the Model …………………………………………………………… 111
Looking at Vocabulary Prepositions of Place ……………….…………112
Organization …………………………………………………………………………………113
Topic Sentences and Concluding Sentences ………………………… 113
Supporting Sentences with Specific Details …………………………….115
Outlining Creating an Outline for a Descriptive Paragraph ……118
Grammar ………………………………………………………………………………………120
Adjectives ……………………………………………………………………………… 120
Order of Adjectives ……………………………………………………………… 123
Sentence Structure ………………………………………………………………………126
Prepositions …………………………………………………………………………… 126
Prepositional Phrases …………………………………………………………… 127
Applying Vocabulary Prepositions of Place …………………………… 132
Writing Assignment A Paragraph Describing a Special Place 133
Self-Assessment ……………………………………………………………………… 134
Expansion ………………………………………………………………………………… 135
Timed Writing A Paragraph Describing a Public Space …… 135
Your Journal ………………………………………………………………………… 135
CHAPTER 5 Stating Reasons and Using Examples ……………… 136
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………137
Prewriting ………………………………………………………………………………………137
Listing and Outlining with Reasons and Examples ……………… 137
Paragraphs with Reasons and Examples ……………………………… 140
Looking at the Model …………………………………………………………… 140
Looking at Vocabulary Words that Describe Geography ……… 141
Organization ……………………………………………………………………………… 142
Reasons and Examples ………………………………………………………… 142
Transition Signals that Introduce Reasons ………………………… 146
Transition Signals that Introduce Examples ………………………… 148
Conclusion Signals ……………………………………………………………..… 150
Sentence Structure ……………………………………………………………..…… 151
Complex Sentences with Reason and Condition Clauses …… 151
Mechanics ……………………………………………………………………………….. 156
Capitalization Two More Rules ………………………………………… 156
Punctuation Four More Comma Rules ……………………………… 158
Applying Vocabulary Words that Describe Geography ………160
Writing Assignment A Paragraph Recommending an Area … 161
Self-Assessment ……………………………………………………………………………162
Expansion ……………………………………………………………..………………… 162
Timed Writing A Paragraph about a Place for a Day Trip … 162
Your Journal……………………………………………………………..…………… 163
CHAPTER 6 Expressing Your Opinion ………………………………… 164
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 165
Prewriting ………………………………………………………………………………… 165
Getting Ideas from Reading ………………………………………………. 165
Opinion Paragraphs …………………………………………………………………. 168
Looking at the Model …………………………………………………………… 168
Looking at Vocabulary Word Forms ……………………………………… 169
Organization ……………………………………………………………………..……… 171
Facts and Opinions ………………………………………………………………… 171
Transitions Signals in Opinion Paragraphs …………………………… 173
Sentence Structure …………………………………………………………………… 178
Adjective Clauses with Who, Which, and That ……………….…… 178
Punctuating Adjective Clauses ……………………………………………… 180
Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses ………………………… 182
More about Fragments ………………………………………………………..… 185
Mechanics ………………………………………………………..……………………… 188
Quotation Marks…………………………………………………………….…..… 188
Applying Vocabulary Word Forms …………………………… 189
Writing Assignment A Paragraph that Expresses an Opinion 190
Self Assessment ………………………………………………………………………… 191
Expansion ………………………………………………………………………………… 191
Timed Writing An Opinion Paragraph about Cheating …… 191
Your Journal ………………………………………………………………………… 192
Appendices
Appendix A:
Journal Topics…………………………………………................. XX
Appendix B:
Grammar Terms …………………………………………...………..…. XX
Appendix C:
Sentence Types …………………………………………..……..……. XX
Appendix D:
Transition Signals ……………………………………………..…..…. XX
Appendix E:
Mechanics ………………………………………………….……………….. XX
Appendix F:
Correction Symbols .………………………………………….……….. XX
Appendix G:
Peer Review/Writer’s Self-Check Worksheets …………. XX
Index ………………………………………………………………………………………………… XX
Credits ……………………………………………………………………………………………………XX
[END CONTENTS]
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