Low-dimensional Solids

by Bruce, Duncan W.; O'Hare, Dermot; Walton, Richard I.

• ISBN13: 9780470997512
• ISBN10: 0470997516
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-10-11
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

While knowledge of the origin of physical properties of many simple solids is comprehensive, this is not the case for low-dimensional solids. This field, however, has seen tremendous development in the last couple of years and the materials have a wide range of applications such as in display devices. Low-Dimensional Solids discusses the importance of low-dimensional solids for theoretical and computational theories. The book covers intercalation in layered materials, boride/carbide/fulleride superconductors, inorganic fullerenes and nanotubes, and oxide nanorods and nanotubes.

Author Biography

Professor Duncan Bruce graduated from the University of Liverpool (UK), where he also gained his PhD. In 1984, he took up a Temporary Lectureship in Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Sheffield and was awarded a Royal Society Warren Research Fellowship. He was then appointed Lecturer in Chemistry and later Senior Lecturer and co-director of the Sheffield Centre for Molecular Materials. In 1995, he was appointed Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Exeter. Following the closure of Exeter's chemistry department in 2005, Professor Bruce took up his present position as Professor of Materials Chemistry in York. He is currently Chair of the Royal Society of Chemistry Materials Chemistry Forum. His current research interests include liquid crystals and silicates. His work has been recognized by various awards including the British Liquid Crystal Society's first Young Scientist prize and the RSC's Sir Edward Frankland Fellowship and Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize. He has held visiting positions in Australia, France, Japan and Italy.

Dr. Richard Walton, who was also formerly based in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Exeter, now works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Warwick. His research group works in the area of solid-state materials chemistry and has a number of projects focusing upon the synthesis, structural characterization and properties of inorganic materials.

Dermot O'Hare is Professor in the Chemistry Research Laboratory at the University of Oxford.
His research group has a wide range of research interests. They all involve synthetic chemistry ranging from organometallic chemistry to the synthesis of new microporous solids.
Duncan Bruce and Dermot O'Hare have edited several editions of Inorganic Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Table of Contents

Inorganic Materials Series Preface	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
List of Contributors	p. xiii
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Oxide Types; Point Defects and Electrical Conductivity	p. 4
Preparation of Nanoionic Materials	p. 10
Characterisation	p. 13
Determination of Particle Size and Dispersion	p. 13
Characterisation of Microstructure	p. 16
Transport Measurements	p. 20
Review of the Current Experimental Data and their Agreement with Theory	p. 30
Microstructure	p. 30
Transport	p. 31
Mechanical Properties	p. 42
Magnetic Properties	p. 44
Applications	p. 46
Gas Sensors	p. 46
Batteries	p. 50
Fuel Cells	p. 54
Catalysis and Adsorption	p. 55
Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanocrystalline Oxides	p. 60
Overview and Prospects	p. 62
References	p. 65
Inorganic Nanotubes and Nanowires	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
Inorganic Nanotubes	p. 78
Synthesis	p. 79
Functionalisation and Solubilisation	p. 114
Properties and Applications	p. 115
Nanowires	p. 116
Synthesis	p. 116
Self-Assembly and Functionalisation	p. 127
Properties and Applications	p. 130
Outlook	p. 145
References	p. 146
Biomedical Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides	p. 163
Introduction	p. 163
Layered Nanohybrids	p. 163
Layered Nanomaterials	p. 164
Nanomaterials for Biological Applications	p. 167
Layered Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications	p. 167
Cellular Uptake Pathway of Drug-Inorganic Nanohybrids	p. 174
Targeting Effect of Drug-Inorganic Nanohybrids	p. 178
Nanomaterials for DNA Molecular Code System	p. 180
Genetic Molecular Code in DNA	p. 180
Chemically and Biologically Stabilised DNA in Layered Nanoparticles	p. 180
Invisible DNA Molecular Code System for Ubiquitous Application	p. 183
Conclusion	p. 184
References	p. 184
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Endohedral Fullerenes	p. 191
Endohedral Metallofullerenes	p. 191
Surgery of Fullerenes	p. 197
Carbon Nanotubes	p. 200
Covalent Functionalisation	p. 201
Noncovalent Functionalisation	p. 205
Endohedral Functionalisation	p. 208
Other Carbon Nanotube Forms	p. 209
Cup-Stacked Carbon Nanotubes	p. 209
Carbon Nanohorns	p. 210
Carbon Nanobuds	p. 211
Carbon Nanotori	p. 212
Carbon Nano-Onions	p. 213
Graphenes	p. 216
Summary and Outlook	p. 219
Acknowledgements	p. 219
References	p. 220
Magnesium Diboride MgB2: A Simple Compound with Important Physical Properties	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Electronic Structure of MgB2	p. 232
Substitutions in MgB2 Superconductor	p. 235
Preparation of Pure and Alloyed MgB2	p. 236
Preparation of Pure and Alloyed Polycrystalline MgB2	p. 236
Single Crystal Growth of Pristine and Alloyed MgB2	p. 245
Physical Properties of MgB2	p. 246
Boron Isotope Effect	p. 246
Evidence for Two Energy Gaps in MgB2	p. 248
Dependence of the Superconducting Transition Temperature on Hydrostatic Pressure	p. 249
Resistivity Measurements in MgB2	p. 250
Flux Line Properties in Single Crystals of MgB2, Mg1-xALxB2 and MgB2-xCx	p. 256
Type II Superconductors	p. 256
Flux Line Properties of Pristine MgB2	p. 259
Aluminium Substituted Single Crystals	p. 266
Carbon Substituted Single Crystals	p. 271
Two-Band Superconductivity and Possible Implications on the Vortex Matter Phase Diagram	p. 275
Conclusions	p. 278
References	p. 278
Index	p. 287
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