Magnetism in Condensed Matter

by Blundell, Stephen

• ISBN13: 9780198505921
• ISBN10: 0198505922
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-12-06
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The superb book describes the modern theory of the magnetic properties of solids. Starting from fundamental principles, this copiously illustrated volume outlines the theory of magnetic behaviour, describes experimental techniques, and discusses current research topics. The book is intended for final year undergraduate students and graduate students in the physical sciences.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(17)
Magnetic moments	1	(5)
Magnetic moments and angular momentum	2	(1)
Precession	3	(1)
The Bohr magneton	4	(1)
Magnetization and field	4	(2)
Classical mechanics and magnetic moments	6	(3)
Canonical momentum	7	(1)
The Bohr---van Leeuwen theorem	8	(1)
Quantum mechanics of spin	9	(9)
Orbital and spin angular momentum	9	(1)
Pauli spin matrices and spinors	10	(2)
Raising and lowering operators	12	(1)
The coupling of two spins	13	(5)
Isolated magnetic moments	18	(27)
An atom in a magnetic field	18	(1)
Magnetic susceptibility	19	(1)
Diamagnetism	20	(3)
Paramagnetism	23	(7)
Semiclassical treatment of paramagnetism	23	(2)
Paramagnetism for J = 1/2	25	(2)
The Brillouin function	27	(3)
Van Vleck paramagnetism	30	(1)
The ground state of an ion and Hund's rules	30	(6)
Fine structure	31	(1)
Hund's rules	32	(3)
L---S and j---j coupling	35	(1)
Adiabatic demagnetization	36	(2)
Nuclear spins	38	(2)
Hyperfine structure	40	(5)
Environments	45	(29)
Crystal fields	45	(7)
Origin of crystal fields	45	(3)
Orbital quenching	48	(2)
The Jahn---Teller effect	50	(2)
Magnetic resonance techniques	52	(22)
Nuclear magnetic resonance	52	(8)
Electron spin resonance	60	(5)
Mossbauer spectroscopy	65	(3)
Muon-spin rotation	68	(6)
Interactions	74	(11)
Magnetic dipolar interaction	74	(1)
Exchange interaction	74	(11)
Origin of exchange	74	(2)
Direct exchange	76	(1)
Indirect exchange in ionic solids: superexchange	77	(2)
Indirect exchange in metals	79	(1)
Double exchange	79	(2)
Anisotropic exchange interaction	81	(1)
Continuum approximation	82	(3)
Order and magnetic structures	85	(26)
Ferromagnetism	85	(7)
The Weiss model of a ferromagnet	85	(4)
Magnetic susceptibility	89	(1)
The effect of a magnetic field	89	(1)
Origin of the molecular field	90	(2)
Antiferromagnetism	92	(5)
Weiss model of an antiferromagnet	92	(1)
Magnetic susceptibility	93	(1)
The effect of a strong magnetic field	94	(2)
Types of antiferromagnetic order	96	(1)
Ferrimagnetism	97	(2)
Helical order	99	(1)
Spin glasses	100	(1)
Nuclear ordering	101	(1)
Measurement of magnetic order	102	(9)
Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility	102	(1)
Neutron scattering	103	(4)
Other techniques	107	(4)
Order and broken symmetry	111	(30)
Broken symmetry	111	(4)
Models	115	(2)
Landau theory of ferromagnetism	115	(1)
Heisenberg and Ising models	116	(1)
The one-dimensional Ising model (D = 1, d = 1)	116	(1)
The two-dimensional Ising model (D = 1, d = 2)	117	(1)
Consequences of broken symmetry	117	(2)
Phase transitions	119	(2)
Rigidity	121	(1)
Excitations	121	(6)
Magnons	122	(2)
The Bloch T3/2 law	124	(1)
The Mermin---Wagner---Berezinskii theorem	125	(1)
Measurement of spin waves	126	(1)
Domains	127	(14)
Domain walls	128	(1)
Magnetocry stalline anisotropy	128	(1)
Domain wall width	129	(1)
Domain formation	130	(1)
Magnetization processes	131	(1)
Domain wall observation	132	(1)
Small magnetic particles	133	(1)
The Stoner---Wohlfarth model	134	(1)
Soft and hard materials	135	(6)
Magnetism in metals	141	(26)
The free electron model	141	(3)
Pauli paramagnetism	144	(2)
Elementary derivation	144	(1)
Crossover to localized behaviour	145	(1)
Experimental techniques	146	(1)
Spontaneously spin-split bands	146	(2)
Spin-density functional theory	148	(1)
Landau levels	149	(2)
Landau diamagnetism	151	(3)
Magnetism of the electron gas	154	(4)
Paramagnetic response of the electron gas	154	(3)
Diamagnetic response of the electron gas	157	(1)
The RKKY interaction	157	(1)
Excitations in the electron gas	158	(2)
Spin-density waves	160	(2)
The Kondo effect	162	(1)
The Hubbard model	162	(1)
Neutron stars	163	(4)
Competing interactions and low dimensionality	167	(28)
Frustration	167	(1)
Spin glasses	168	(3)
Superparamagnetism	171	(1)
One-dimensional magnets	172	(5)
Spin chains	173	(1)
Spinons	173	(1)
Haldane chains	174	(1)
Spin-Peierls transition	174	(2)
Spin ladders	176	(1)
Two-dimensional magnets	177	(2)
Quantum phase transitions	179	(2)
Thin films and multilayers	181	(2)
Magneto-optics	183	(1)
Magnetoresistance	184	(8)
Magnetoresistance of ferromagnets	185	(1)
Anisotropic magnetoresistance	186	(1)
Giant magnetoresistance	186	(2)
Exchange anisotropy	188	(1)
Colossal magnetoresistance	189	(2)
Hall effect	191	(1)
Organic and molecular magnets	192	(1)
Spin electronics	193	(2)
A Units in electromagnetism	195	(3)
B Electromagnetism	198	(5)
Magnetic moments	198	(1)
Maxwell's equations in free space	199	(1)
Free and bound currents	200	(1)
Maxwell's equations in matter	201	(1)
Boundary conditions	201	(2)
C Quantum and atomic physics	203	(12)
Quantum mechanics	203	(1)
Dirac bra and ket notation	204	(1)
The Bohr model	205	(1)
Orbital angular momentum	206	(1)
The hydrogen atom	207	(1)
The g-factor	208	(2)
d orbitals	210	(1)
The spin---orbit interaction	211	(1)
Lande g-factor	211	(1)
Perturbation theory	212	(3)
D Energy in magnetism and demagnetizing fields	215	(5)
Energy	215	(1)
Demagnetizing factors	215	(2)
A ferromagnet of arbitrary shape	217	(3)
E Statistical mechanics	220	(3)
The partition function and thermodynamic functions	220	(1)
The equipartition theorem	221	(2)
F Answers and hints to selected problems	223	(8)
G Symbols, constants and useful equations	231	(4)
Index	235